8th:    HISTORY/CIVICS will be attending only on Thursdays & Fridays.

Civics Test resources - students are required in 8th grade to take the assessment and pass with a score of 70%. Here are some review materials to support:

• Self Graded Practice Test: https://civicsquestions.com/all/

• Quizlet from 2020 (AZ Specific): https://quizlet.com/487979115/citizenship-az-flash-cards/

• USCIS Practice Test (20 questions at a time): https://www.uscis.gov/citizenship/civics-practice-test-2008

• 2023 Citizenship test (100 questions)

https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/questions-and-answers/100q.pdf

01 UNIT - Principles of the Constitution

Chapter 2.2

pg. 1 Summarize the Preamble  -  what is its purpose?     List the 6 components & explain what they mean.   

pg. 2  Summarize the first three articles of the US Constitution.

Article I - What is Congress?   Bicameral?    Senate?   House of Representatives?    What are the six powers of Congress?    Which is most/least important?     

Article II - Who is the President?   What is their job?    State of the Union Speech?   What's the deal with ambassadors?    Explain how the electoral college works!    Does popular vote win the presidency?    Commander-in-chief?    treaties?     nominating federal judges?

Article III - What is the role of the Supreme Court?    How many judges?    What does 'interprets the Constitution' mean?    How does it handle federal cases?    Judicial Review?    Marbury v. Madison?

pg. 4 Summarize the principle 'consent of the govern' & what are the responsibilities of both government & the people?    Explain how 'consent of the govern' led to the American Revolution.   What two examples are given for 'consent of the govern'?

pg. 5  Explain/define constitutionalism & limited government.   Give examples from Constitution of limited government powers.  What is the Bill of Rights?    It's purpose?    

pg. 6  Define both Separation of Powers & Checks & Balances.   Give examples in the Constitution of both ideas.    

pg. 7  Define what Rule of Law is.    What three ideas of rule of law are in the Constitution?    Give evidence to support your answers.

pg. 8  Explain why America is a representative democracy.    Define & explain what popular sovereignty & majority rule is.   

pg. 9   Explain & define what Federalism is.    Explain what 'Federal Government' means.    Explain the argument for the need for federalism.    Explain how did the Articles of Confederation fail, in regards to federalism & how did the Constitution rectify the problem.

pg. 10  What is an amendment?    Summarize how to ratify an amendment.    How many amendments are in the US Constitution?  Explain how the process reflects the framers' commitment to federalism.

pg. 11  Summarize & categorize the 27 amendments.    Individual Rights.   Civil War.   Elections.   Voting Rights.  Governmental procedures.   Prohibition.

pg. 12  Summarize how the Constitution has changed overtime.   How interpretations have changed.    Expanded role of the president.    2 party system.   

Chapter 2.3

pg. 1 - Explain the controversy over N.C.L.B. - do you think all 50 states should be having the same school curriculum?   For examples, all 8th graders in America learn about government in social studies.    

pg. 2 - Define Federalism.    Explain the Federalists opinion on the size of government.     Explain the Anti-Federalists opinion on the size of government.    Summarize the compromise between the two parties.   

pg. 3 - Explain what 'Expressed Powers' are & create a list of the examples provided.     Explain what 'Implied Powers' are.    Explain what is the controversy over implied vs. expressed powers, in the Constitution.

pg. 4 - Explain what 'Inherent Powers' are & create a list of the examples provided.    Explain what 'Denied Powers' are & create a list of the examples provided.

pg. 5 - Explain what 'Reserved Powers' are & create a list of the examples provided.   Reserved power belongs to whom?     What powers are not granted to the state governments?   Summarize the 14th Amendment.

pg. 6 - Explain what 'Concurrent Powers' are & create a list of the examples provided.    Summarize the concept of cooperative federalism.     Copy the Venn Diagram into your notes from the bottom of the page.

pg. 7 - Explain what the full faith & credit clause is about.     Explain what the privileges & immunity clause is about.   Explain what the Supremacy clause is about.

pg. 8 - Review activity towards mastery

pg. 9 - Watch the video & explain how new states/territories can be added by Congress.

pg. 10 - Summarize the Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland.    How did power shift between federal & state governments - what was the effect?     Summarize the Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden.      Who won that case - the states or the federal government & explain the rational behind the decision.

pg. 11 - Define & explain what nullification is.    Explain the several examples given on the page of nullification.    Do you agree states have the right to disobey the federal government?

pg. 12 - Review activity towards mastery

UNIT 02 - POLITICAL PARTIES.

Unit:   5.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-12 : note that pages 8 & 12 are for review/practicing what you've learned.

pg. 1  -  Identify what are political parties.   Identify what are interest groups.  Explain the purpose of both political parties & interest groups.

pg.  2 -  Explain what is a political party.    Explain the difference between a single-party & a multi-party system.    Which is America?    Summarize why we're a 2-party system.   

pg.  3 -  Explain the differences in their political beliefs between the Federalists & Anti-Federalists.    Identify the two symbols of the Republican & Democratic Parties.    Give examples of how political parties can change positions throughout the years.

pg.  4 -  Summarize & explain liberalism & conservativism.   

                      sentence #1 : blue :  introduction of main idea of paragraph

                      sentence #2 : red : 1st detail (according to discovery ed, pg 4 ".....)

      sentence #3 : green :  explain, in your own words, what the detail means...it's relevance

      sentence #4 : red : 2nd detail

      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

  pg. 4 - create an organizer to show where liberal, democratic, republican, conservative -       use left/right in your thinking.     Explain why & how a candidate tries to appeal to the                     majority of voters.    Explain partisanship.

pg. 5 - explain what a primary election is.     Explain by comparing & contrasting different states' ideas about how a primary election should be ran.    Explain what a party platform is.    How are positions developed & why that way?     Explain what it means to recruit a candidate.     Create a list of the different ways political parties educate voters.    Which one do you think is most effective?    

pg. 6 - explain what is so important about fund raising.     What is the goal of a PAC?     Explain both the positives & negatives of one political party controlling both sides of Congress.    What if they control congress & the executive branch too?    +s/-s ?  

pg. 7 - explain what a third party is.    Which examples are provided by Discovery Education?    Why are some called 'splinter'?   Write a summary about what obstacles a third party candidates face?    

                      sentence #1 : blue :  introduction of main idea of paragraph

                      sentence #2 : red : 1st detail (according to discovery ed, pg 7 ".....)

      sentence #3 : green :  explain, in your own words, what the detail means...it's relevance

      sentence #4 : red : 2nd detail

      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

pg. 9 - explain what an interest group is.    Why are they important?    

pg. 10 -  explain why they're so many types of interest groups.    Give examples from Discovery Education about what topics they cover.    Explain what roles they cover in government.   

pg. 11 - explain how interest groups gain influence over voters.    How can propaganda be used to influence voters?      How accurate do they have to be?     Explain the job 'lobbying'.    What skills do you need to be a lobbyist?    

Unit:   5.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-8; pg. 7 is for review/practicing.   

pg. 1 - Explain what is suffrage.    Give examples of people who didn't get the right to vote, in the beginning.     Why did the founders fear giving all the power of the vote?     Explain the importance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.   

pg. 2 - Explain who was originally allowed to vote.    Why did the founders consider 'owning land' important to voting.    Explain how voting rights expanded.     Who was given the power of the vote?

pg. 3 -  Explain the importance of the 15th amendment.    How did some southern states try to disenfranchise citizens right to vote.    Explain how it worked & why it was illegal.     Explain the 24th amendment - the cause/effect of it.    

Pg. 4 -  Explain what is the main goal of a campaign.    What does 'creating a brand' mean?    What was President Obama's 'brand'?    What was President Trumps?     What are campaign issues?     What is an issue you consider important?     What is the goal/point of advertising - what are they trying to sell?     How can the news shape public opinions about a candidate?    What would 'fake news' be?     Does fake news exist?      Why do some candidates attack their opponents character?    

pg. 5 - Explain the importance of the 19th amendment.     Explain the importance of Susan B. Anthony.      Summarize how women gained the right to vote.

                      sentence #1 : blue :  introduction of main idea of paragraph

                      sentence #2 : red : 1st detail (according to discovery ed, pg 3 ".....)

      sentence #3 : green :  explain, in your own words, what the detail means...it's relevance

      sentence #4 : red : 2nd detail

      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

pg 6 - What do you think should be the minimum age for voting?    What are the +/- of having teenagers voting?     What is the minimum voting age?    Explain what the 26th amendment did & explain what was the cause for it.    

pg. 7 - Review activity

pg. 8 - Explain the requirements to legally vote.    What can restrict someone from voting?     How could someone lose their right to vote?   Do you think citizens should have to show a photo i.d. to vote?    Explain why.    Explain what voter registration is.    Do you think voting by mail is a good idea?    Why/why not.

pg. 9 - Who usually votes?     Why do you think this is?     Explain how the federal government tried to increase access to voting.    Explain how the state/local government tried to increase access to voting.    Explain the problem with confusion in voting.     Summarize the problem with the 2000 presidential election in Florida - what went wrong?

                      sentence #1 : blue :  introduction of main idea of paragraph

                      sentence #2 : red : 1st detail (according to discovery ed, pg 8 ".....)

      sentence #3 : green :  explain, in your own words, what the detail means...it's relevance

      sentence #4 : red : 2nd detail

      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

UNIT 03 - Citizenship & Civil Rights.

Unit:   4.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-9

Key Ideas:   Describe the benefits of citizenship and explain processes by which an individual becomes a citizen of the United States., and describe and state the importance of obligations and responsibilities of U.S. citizenship. 

pg. 1 - Explain what does the Census Bureau do.    Explain what are push & pull factors in immigration.   Give 2 examples of 'push' factors in immigration, & think of a modern 'pull' factor for immigrants today.

pg. 2 - Explain how the 14th amendment affects citizenship/immigration.    Explain what is naturalization.  Explain how foreign born residents can gain citizenship.   Give 5 benefits of American citizenship.    

pg. 3 -  Explain what native-born citizens are.    Explain what naturalized citizens are.    Give 2 comparisons & 2 differences between native-born & naturalized citizens.    Give 3 qualifications for naturalized citizens to take the citizenship test.   

pg. 4 - Explain what makes a resident a permanent resident.    Explain what makes a person a non-permanent resident.    Explain what a refugee is & how can they legally enter the country?    Explain what an undocumented migrant is.   

pg. 5 - Give 3 examples of how undocumented migrants have some protections/rights, by living here.    Summarize the immigration debate.   Explain what the DACA policy is.

                      sentence #1 : blue :  introduction of main idea of paragraph

                      sentence #2 : red : 1st detail (according to discovery ed, pg 5 ".....)

      sentence #3 : green :  explain, in your own words, what the detail means...it's relevance

      sentence #4 : red : 2nd detail

      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

pg. 6 -  practice what you've learned

pg. 7 -   Explain what an obligation is.     Give 3 examples of civic obligations.    Give 3 examples of civic responsibilities.   

pg. 8 - Explain what civic virtues are.    Give 2 examples of 'modern' civic virtues.    Give 3 examples of civic virtues from ancient Greece, Rome, & from America's past.    Summarize civic virtue traits.    Which ones do you value the most?   Rank them 1-3.

pg. 9 - Review unit 5.1.

Unit:   4.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-9

Key Ideas:   Analyze the impact of the media on public opinion and public policy. 

pg. 1 - 'warm-up' - gives you something to think about.

pg. 2 - Explain what mass media is.    Give 2 examples from colonial times of the mass media influencing citizens.    Explain how technological advances changed newspapers.    Explain how the television influenced citizens & give an example.    Explain how the internet influences citizens & give an example.    Give 2 examples of how the internet is different from different forms of media.

pg. 3 - What is the lesson from the USS Maine, in regards to mass media.     Give 2 examples & explain of mass media influencing American politics.

pg. 4 -  Give 2 examples & explain how mass media is losing it's effect on impacting people & shaping how they think.    Explain a negative of social media as a source for news.    Explain how understanding & respecting a different POV is important.     Explain 2 differences between entertainment & the news.   

pg. 5 - Explain the difference between fact & opinion.      Explain what propaganda is.     Give 4 of the 6 examples of propaganda & explain how 'it works' to influence citizens.   

pg. 6 - Practicing & understanding propaganda - an activity to test for understanding.

pg. 7 - Explain what bias is.    

pg. 8 - Give 2 examples of what engaged citizens do to solve problems.     Summarize the five steps involved in finding a solution.     Which is the most important step?     

pg. 9 - practicing & understanding cost & benefit analysis - an activity to test for understanding.

Unit:   3.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-16

Key Ideas:  Describe circumstances leading to the addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution and the historical development of the Bill of Rights.  Analyze Bill of Rights and constitutional protections of the rights of the accused.

pg. 1 - Explain how actions in England created our Bill of Rights.     

pg. 2 - Give 2 examples of the Federalist position regarding the Bill of Rights.    What changed James Madison's opinion regarding a Bill of Rights.

pg. 3 - Explain how Madison's original draft was edited down to 10 amendments.

pg 4 -  Explain, in detail, what each of the 1st ten amendments (Bill of Rights) are - what are your rights?

pg. 5 - Explain & give an example, using Supreme Court court cases (at bottom), of how the following amendments' rights were upheld:   2nd, 4th, & 6th amendments.

pg. 6 - practice what you've learned

pg 7 - Explain the following :  Habeus Corpus, Bill of Attainder, & Ex Post Facto Laws.    Give an example of each.

pg. 8 - Summarize Due Process.    What are the two types of Due Process.    Give 2 differences between the two.   Explain what eminent domain is.    Explain how it is related to the 5th amendment.

pg. 9 -  Summarize the 4th amendment.    Explain how search & seizure legally works.    Explain what the exclusionary rule is.    Explain how Mapp v. Ohio '61 was interpreted by the Supreme Court.

pg. 10 - Can police officers search your car?    Explain how the Supreme Court interpreted California v. Acevedo '91.    What does that mean?     Give 2 examples from the Supreme Court that talk about police officers searching a person for illegal items.   What does that mean?     How can the government drug test a citizen.    Explain how the government can conduct electronic surveillance legally.    Summarize New Jersey v. T.L.O. '85.    What does that mean for a student?

pg. 11 - Explain what it means in movies/t.v. when someone says "I pled the fifth."    Explain what self-incrimination means.      Explain the Supreme Court decision in the case of 'Miranda v. Arizona '66' - how does it apply today?   

pg. 12 - Explain what 'double-jeopardy' is.    What does it mean to us today.     Explain what a Grand Jury is.   In what cases are Grand Juries used?    How is juvenile court different from adult court?   How is it the same?

pg. 13 - Explain the rights contained within the 6th amendment.    Give examples of these rights, for each.    Explain what the decision in Barker v. Wingo ' 72 means for how long a trial can take.    What does impartical mean?

pg. 14 -  Explain how the Supreme Court interpreted Gideon v. Wainwright & Escobedo v. Illinois.     How did the 6th amendment influence these decisions.   

pg. 15 - Explain the 8th amendment rights.     Give 2 examples of the rights contained within the eighth amendment.     What are the three conditions for the Supreme Court to issue a death sentence.   Explain how the Supreme Court interpreted Furman v. Georgia '76.    Explain if all states have capital punishment.    Why is murder called capital punishment?

pg. 16 - Review.  Review.  & Review.

Unit:   3.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-12

Key Ideas:  Analyze the First Amendment’s protections of freedom of religion.  Analyze the First Amendment’s protections of freedom of expression.   Analyze the First Amendment’s protections of freedom of assembly, petition, and association.

pg. 1 - introduction into the importance of religious freedom

pg. 2 - Give 3 examples of how/why people immigrated to America for religious freedoms.

pg. 3 - Summarize the Great Awakening in the colonies - how did it promote religious freedom?

pg. 4 - Explain Roger Williams & William Penn's beliefs about freedom of religion.    Give examples to support your claim.   (think green explaining red).

pg. 5 & 6- Explain the establishment clause & free exercise clauses.     How do they involve freedom of religion?   Give 2 examples, and explain how/why, of the government rules conflicting with religious freedom.

pg. 7 -  activity to practice what you've learned/mastered.

pg. 8 -  Explain how the first amendment protects freedom of speech & expression.    Give examples.    Explain what libel is.    Explain what the Sedition Act was.    How was in unconstitutional?    Explain how Thomas Jefferson & James Madison reacted?     

pg. 9 - Give 3 examples, and explain, how they contradicted 'freedom of speech'.    Why would the government want to control what is said?      

pg. 10 - Identify & explain what freedom of speech means.    Give 2 examples of what 'is not freedom of speech'.    Explain why these examples are not freedom of speech.   

pg. 11 - Explain the freedoms of assembly & petition.    Explain when a protest becomes illegal.     

pg. 12 - Activity to practice 'what is free speech?'   

Unit:   6.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-15

Key Ideas:  Analyze the basic structure and membership of the U.S. Congress.  Identify and explain the expressed and implied powers of Congress.  Identify and explain non-legislative powers of Congress.

pg. 1 - Warm-up.     

pg. 2 - Explain how Congress is organized.    What does bicameral mean & identify the two parts of Congress.    Explain how population affects the House of Representatives.     In 2025, which state has the greatest number of Representatives in Congress?    How many total seats are there?

pg. 3 - Explain the qualifications to be a member of the House of Representatives.    How long is your term?     Explain what incumbent means in paragraph 4.     Explain how the US Census is related to the House of Representatives. 

pg. 4 - Explain what redistricting is.    How can it be used unfairly to discriminate against US citizens.    

pg. 5 - Explain what Gerrymandering is.     What are the possible negative side effects of gerrymandering.     

pg. 6 - Redrawing a district activity - for practice.

pg. 7 - Explain what are the qualifications to be a US Senator.    How long is your term?  How many total senators are there?    Explain what 'at-large' voting means & how is it different that voting for a representative?    Explain what the seventeenth amendment created.   

pg. 8 - Explain what are the benefits of being a Senator (salary, benefits, privileges).     Explain what the term incumbent means.   Give 2 examples of advantages incumbents face during an election.   Explain how gerrymandering can benefit an incumbent.   

pg. 9 -  Understanding Congress activity - for practice & mastering understanding.

pg. 10 - Explain what expressed powers are.    Explain the elastic clause.     How are these similar & different?     Determine what explicit means in paragraph 1.    Determine what commerce means in paragraph 4.   

pg. 11 - Summarize the arguement & decision regarding the Supreme Court case of Gibbons v. Ogden.    What was determined?    Who won?    What was established?

pg. 12 - Explain & understand the BIll of Rights - how do they limit the power of Congress.    Give examples.    Explain judicial review!     Which Supreme Court case established this power?     

pg. 13 - Give examples of how Congress can 'check' the other two branches of government.     Explain this with treaties & amendments.     How can Congress keep the other branches in check?

pg. 14 -  Explain how Congress can determine who gets which federal jobs assigned by the president.    Explain how Congress can remove a publicly elected official.     Describe the process.

pg. 15 -  Review activity.

Unit:   6.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-10

Key Ideas:  Describe and explain congressional leadership and organization.  Analyze the legislative process for different types of measures for both houses of Congress.  Explain how individuals and interest groups help shape legislation.

pg. 1 - Introduction to why Congress can shut down

pg. 2 - Explain & summarize the Legislative process - how does a bill become a law?

pg. 3 - Determine who are the officers of Congress & explain their role.    Explain what a 'political party' caucus is & it's function.

pg. 4 - Explain what committees are.    Explain what a joint committee is & explain what a standing committee is.     Give 2 examples of how they're similar & how they're different.    Explain what the rules committee is.   What is the purpose/role of all these committees?  

pg 5 - Conference, select, & special committees - Explain the special role for each of these committees - how are they similar to the ones discussed on pg. 4?    How do they differ?

pg. 6 - Explain what are the different types of bills.    How are public & private bills similar?   Different?     What is the purpose of these bills?     Explain what a joint resolution is.     What is its purpose?     Explain what a concurrent resolution is.    What makes it special?     Explain what a resolution is. 

pg. 7 -   Create a list - how does a bill become a law.    What is step 1?   step 2?    etc. etc.

pg. 8 -  Explain what can stop or kill a bill?     Explain each of the different ways to stop a bill from becoming law.     How is a filibuster different than a veto?    

pg. 9 - Explain how lobbyists are persuasive.    Explain how lobbyists work.      Do you think the criticism of lobbyists is fair - why/why not.

pg. 10 -  Review activity.

Unit:   7.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-11

Key Ideas:  Describe constitutional rules governing qualifications for the presidency, presidential succession, and presidential disability.  Evaluate processes involved in the selection of party nominees for president of the United States.  Evaluate processes involved in presidential general elections.   Analyze the structure and roles of the cabinet and Executive Office of the President.

pg. 1 - Introduction activity about the electoral college

pg. 2 - Summarize both the roles & powers of the president.     Explain what an executive order is.    Do you think executive orders undercut the authority of Congress & their power to create laws.

pg. 3 - Explain what are the limits to powers of the presidency?     Explain impeachment.   Do you think the power to impeach can be abused?

pg. 4 - Summarize the role of the President's cabinet.     Explain how the secretaries support the president.   

pg. 5 - Explain what the executive office is.    Explain why presidents use them.    Give examples of hw they help/assist the president.   

pg. 6 -  Review activity.

pg. 7 -  Summarize the process of selecting someone to become a presidential nominee.    Explain what is a caucus.

pg. 8 -  Explain the purpose of a national convention.     Give two examples of how they can influence a general election.   

pg. 9 - Explain how the electoral college works.     Give two examples of how 'popular vote' isn't used to decide the American presidency.   

pg. 10 - Give two examples/reasons why citizens want the electoral college removed & to have a president decided by popular vote.     What do you think?

pg. 11 - Review activity.

Unit:   7.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-10

Key Ideas:  Analyze and cite real-world examples of roles played by the president and vice president of the United States. 

pg. 1 - Explain how FDR kept America informed about policies.

pg. 2 -  Explain how Lincoln & FDR expanded presidential powers.     Explain what are the qualifications to be American president.

pg. 3 - Summarize the role of chief of state.    Summarize the role of chief citizen.    Summarize their role as chief of the political party.     Which of these is the most important?

pg. 4 - Explain what executive means in paragraph 1.     Summarize the role of chief executive.    What's a good synonym for executive.     Explain how executive orders are controversial.     Do you agree with presidential orders.   Summarize what chief administrator means/does.

pg. 5 - Explain the importance of being the chief diplomat.     How important are positive relations with other countries.    How important is the chief diplomat, not with our allies, but with our foes.

pg. 6 -  Do you think a civilian should be in charge of the military.    Explain why the US Constitution puts the president in charge of our military.

pg. 7 - Should American presidents be allowed to pardon criminals - why/why not.     Should they be allowed to pardon terrorists?    Explain how a pardon works.

pg. 8 -  Explain how a president can 'check' the legislative branch (think:  checks & balance).    Explain how a veto works.    How powerful is it really?    Explain how the president & Congress must work together to pass bills into laws.

pg. 9 -  Explain the role & powers of the vice-presidency.     How should a vice-president complement the president?      Do you think they should have the same values/ideas, or different views?

pg. 10 - Review activity.

Unit:   7.3 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-15

Key Ideas:  Define foreign policy, describe the broad goals for conducting foreign policy, and trace the historical development of U.S. foreign policy.  Analyze roles and responsibilities of the president and Congress in conducting foreign affairs.  Analyze policy alternatives for addressing contemporary concerns that affect international relations and U.S. interests.

pg. 1 -  Explain America's first ever treaty - What was its purpose/goal?

pg. 2 -  Explain what is the goal of 'foreign policy'.      How do you think America should lead?      Explain the importance of national security.    Why is a president responsible for the nation's safety?       Why does America promote democracy around the world?    Why does America contribute so much to humanitarian aid?     What are we trying to accomplish by helping - any hidden goals?

pg. 3 -  Explain why early American presidents practiced isolationism?    What are the negatives to this policy?    The advantages?     Explain how the Monroe Doctrine differed from isolation.    Which do you think is better for the modern world?

pg. 4 - Summarize/explain how America went from isolationism-to Monroe Doctrine-to world power.     Do yo think America is a world power?

pg. 5 - Summarize/explain what the 'cold war' was.    Identify the opposing viewpoints (why hate each other?).    Explain how Vietnam was a proxy war for Russia & America.      Explain how the Cuban Missle Crisis was the world's closest moment to nuclear war.     Summarize the conflict between USA/Cuba/Russia.     What decision did President Kennedy make?    Explain what globalization is.    Should America practice globalization?

pg. 6 - Summarize how the commander-in -chief can start wars, when that power belongs to Congress.    Explain how a president can start wars.    Give one example from Vietnam, Korea, & Gulf War (total of 3/1 per war).   

pg. 7 - Explain how the Secretary of State & Secretary of Defense support our president.    What are the roles of the secretaries?     Which do you think is more important?     What is the role/purpose of the National Security Council?    What is the C.I.A.?     What is the C.I.A.'s role in foreign affairs?    

pg. 8 -    How can Congress influence the president with 'funding'?      Explain how the treaty clause gives power to Congress.

pg. 9 - Give 3 examples of the tools of the president to influence/craft foreign policy & positive relations with other countries.     Give an example of how a president can influence a country, through foreign relations, that we are not positive with (an enemy).    Explain what diplomacy is.     How is 'sweet talking' similar to diplomacy?

pg. 10 - Explain how America can use money to create change in other countries.    What is the goal of foreign aid?    Is it always given?     Explain how the military can be used to force/shape America's foreign policy.

pg. 11 - Explain how America responses to global health issues.    Do you agree or disagree with the responses?     What about during the Covid-19 time?      Explain why other peoples' human rights are important to Americans.     Why does America engage in 'nation building'?     Do you think its worth the investment of capital?    What are we trying to gain?

pg. 12 - What is globalization & are you for/against it?      How does America/presidents respond to cyber threats?      How does America/presidents respond to environmental concerns.    Which do you think is more of a threat to our security?     What is an appropriate response?    

pg. 13 - Explain the importance of America's invovement in N.A.T.O & the U.N.     What are the goals of these two institutions?      Are they valid goals?     Should we listen to them when their ideas hurt American interests?

pg. 14 - Explain how America aids other countries.     Give 3 examples of American aid & explain why we do it.

pg. 15 - Review activity.

Unit:   8.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-12

Key Ideas:  Analyze the basic structure and function of the federal judiciary.   Analyze the basic structure and function of the U.S. Supreme Court.   Define judicial review and analyze its impact on the American political system.  Assess the impact of the Supreme Court on changing public policy in the United States.

pg. 1 - Warm-up activity.

pg. 2 - Explain why the Judicial Branch was created in the Constitution.     Give 2 examples of it's purpose (role).     Explain the impact of the Judiciary Act of 1789.    Provide 2 examples of what the Act did/created.   Explain the word jurisdiction, as used in the last paragraph.

pg. 3 - Explain the difference between state & federal law.    Give 2 examples of the difference.    Create a graphic organizer, using a pyramid, showing the layers/steps in the judicial system. (ex.  Supreme Court should be at the top of the pyramid).   

pg. 4 -  Explain how did the Supreme Court interpret Engel v. Vitale '62?    Describe how the law changed.

pg. 5 - Activity to practice state/federal courts.

pg. 6 - Explain the process for selecting Federal Judges.    How is selecting Supreme Court justices different?   Explain what 'court packing' means.     If a modern president wishes to add justices to the Supreme Court, would this be considered court packing?     Explain the significance of the following justices:   Thurgood Marshall, Sandra Day O'Connor, & Sonia Sotomayor.    Which one came from the Arizona court system?

pg. 7 - Explain what a legal brief is (Supreme Court).   Describe the process of how the Supreme Court decides its decision.     Explain what is the court's opinion.

pg. 8 -  Explain what is judicial review.    Give two examples that prove that judicial review is powerful.    Explain why the action is powerful (who gets the last word?).     Explain Marbury v. Madison.    How did the Judiciary Act of 1789 violate the Constitution?   Give 2 examples of the evidence John Marshall used to reach the decision.   

pg. 9 - Explain what strict constructionism POV is.     Explain what loose constructionism POV is.    Which would originalism belong to.    Explain how William Brennan is remembered.     Explain how he was a loose constructionist.     How do political parties & their philosophies enter the Supreme Court.     Should a justices' political ideas be considered when nominating a judge to Supreme Court.   

pg. 10 - Judicial interpretation activity - for practice.

pg. 11 - Explain what a legal precedent is.    Explain what precedent Plessy v. Ferguson set.      Explain how precedents can be changed/reset.    Give 2 examples of changes in American society due to judicial review.   Explain the landmark decision of Brown v. Board of Education.    What legal precedent was reversed by Brown v. Board of Education?

pg. 12 - Review Landmark Cases activity - test for understanding.

Unit:   8.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-10

Key Ideas:  Compare and contrast the nature of and procedures used in criminal and civil disputes.

pg. 1 - Warm-up activity - What is a fair trial?

pg. 2 - Explain what both criminal & civil law represent.    Give 2 examples of how they're similar.   Give 2 examples of how they're different.    Explain the outcome of Engle v. Liggett Group, Inc. 

Was it a criminal or civil case?    Give 3 examples of a civil court case & explain.    Explain the outcome of Liebeck v. McDonald’s Restaurants.    What type of civil court case was this?     Was the case legit, in your opinion.

pg. 3 - Explain what a lawsuit is.     Define what is the plaintiff, defendant, and attorney.    Explain which 'side' has the complaint.    

pg. 4 - Explain the role of a mediator during a civil court case.     Summarize the steps involved in filing a civil court case.

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pg. 5 - Explain the difference between a dispute & a crime.     Explain what is the criminal court system.    Give 2 examples of professionals who participate in the criminal court system.

pg. 6 - Explain the differences between misdemeanors, petty crimes, & felonies.    What are the criteria for each to be met?    Which is the harshest - why?     

pg. 7 - Explain how the law protects both the accused & the alleged victim.    

pg. 8 - Summarize the process of a trial - start, middle, end - what is the result?     Explain how a jury works.    Why do attorneys ask questions at a trial?     Explain what a verdict is.    Explain was an appeal is.     Explain the lesson from Roper v. Simmons.   

pg. 9 - Explain how the Bill of Rights protects both accused & the accusers.    

pg. 10 - Review activity - trial.

Unit:   9.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-12

Key Ideas:  Compare the functions and basic characteristics of state constitutions with the federal Constitution.  Compare the functions and basic characteristics of state legislative branches with the federal legislative branch. Compare the functions and basic characteristics of state executive branches with the federal executive branch. Compare the functions and basic characteristics of state judicial branches with the federal judicial branch.

Pg. 1 - Explain Alexander Hamilton's quote on the importance of state sovereignty.

Pg. 2 - Give 2 examples of how state government is similar to federal government.   Explain what bureaucracy is.    Give an example of a government bureaucracy.      Explain what voter approved amendments are.   Why are they important to state government?    Do you think voting should be limited to citizens only?    

Pg. 3 - Explain what a 'balanced budget' is.    Give 2 examples of positive aspects of strict budget rules.    In state government, who sets/creates the budget?   Who approves the final budget?   What is a line-item veto.     The president of the USA doesn't have the 'line-item' veto - should they?   States that have no 'state income tax', do you think they should, in order to generate more revenue?

Pg. 4 - Explain the role of the governor.    Explain why governors' powers have increased over the years.   Explain what are the qualifications to be a governor.    Do you think Arizona should limit the time a person can serve as governor?    Or someone should be able to serve unlimited terms?    Explain what a recall election is & what is it's purpose.   

Pg. 5 - Explain the duties & powers of a governor.    Explain what clemency is.   Explain what a pardon is.   Give an example of chief citizen, chief administrator, & commander-in-chief for governors.   

Pg. 6 - Give  examples of how state legislatures are similar to the federal Legislature Branch, and give examples of how they're different.   

Pg. 7 - Explain how a bill is created at the state level of government.     Explain why the process is quicker at the state level, than at the federal level.    Why do you think state legislaturors have a full-time job outside of government?   Explain what 'police power' is.   Explain why a state would impeach a governor.    Has Arizona ever impeached a governor?   

Pg. 8 -  Explain how ordinary citizens can change the law.   Explain how the initiative process works at the state level.   Explain what a petition is.   Do you think tax dollars should be used to build stadiums?   

Pg. 9 - Review activity 

Pg. 10 - Explain what type of court cases are heard at the state level.    Explain the difference between civil & criminal court in Arizona.    Give 2 examples of other types of courts (not including criminal & civil).     Explain how judges get their job.    Explain how a judge can be fired from their job.  Explain what a circuit court is & does.    Explain what the court of appeals is & does.  

Pg. 11 - Explain how state & federal courts work together.    Explain how Gideon v. Wainwright '63 began in state court, but ended in the federal Supreme Court.    What happened?    Explain how the structure of state governments are similar to the federal government.    Which law is the supreme law of the land - state constitutions or the federal constitution?   

Pg. 12 - Review activity.

Unit:   9.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-9

Key Ideas:  Describe governing units and political systems in American localities.  Describe government services provided by state and local governments and explain how these services are financed.

Pg. 1 - Introduction.   Explain the difference between rural & urban.   

Pg. 2 - Explain how the 10th Amendment relates to state/local government. Explain what a county is - what is the name of the county that El Mirage/Surprise is located in.    Explain the similarities & differences between  the different county governments.   Explain public safety & give an example of a job that deals with public safety.   Explain what a township is.   Explain what a special district is.  

Pg. 3 - Explain the population shift from rural to urban centers.    Why did they move?   What are the three forms of city government.   

Pg. 4 - Explain & describe how a council-manager runs a city.    Give an advantage & a disadvantage of a council-manager ran government system.  Explain & describe how a mayor-council runs a city.  Give an advantage & a disadvantage of a mayor-council ran government system.  Explain & describe how a commission runs a city.   Explain what a direct democracy is.    Explain what a suburb is.   Is El Mirage a suburb of Phoenix?    Explain why large cities would want to annex surburbian areas.

Pg. 5 - Explain why county governments collect taxes.    Explain how/what taxes pays for and give 3 examples.   Do you think taxes should be collected for public projects?    

Pg. 6 - Give 2 examples of 'needs' that are provided by the state/city.    Explain who funds schools - where does the money come from?    Identify, who runs a school district?    Who is Dysart's superintendent?    Where does the largest contribution of taxes come from?      Explain why some neighborhood' schools have more 'stuff'.     USE GOOGLE TO RESEARCH:   How much does Arizona spend on schools?    How does Arizona rank for spending on schools (what # out of 50).     Do you agree with this?      Think about this:    would you be willing to make less money (take taxes) in a paycheck, if it meant more resources for your local school in your neighborhood?   Who is the superintendent for schools in Arizona?   

Pg. 7 - Review activity.

Pg. 8 - Explain how eighth graders do pay tax.     Do you think more successful people (rich) should pay more in taxes, when compared to someone who isn't as successful (not so rich)?    Identify two goods, sold in Arizona, that have a special tax.    Do you agree with a special tax on these types of items?    Explain how lotteries contribute to a state's revenue flow.    Explain what a bond is.    Is a school bond this type of bond?    Is a bond really a tax?     Explain the formula for property tax. Explain what an inheritance/estate tax is.    Do you think you should pay tax, to the government, on money given to you, in a will, when someone has passed?    

Pg. 9 - Review activity.

Unit:   10.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-9

Key Ideas:  How does economic scarcity influence human decisions?  In what ways is a market-based economy compatible with democratic ideals?  What are the characteristics of a healthy economy?  Why do nations trade with one another? How does trade affect producers and consumers around the world?  How can individuals apply economic principles to decisions in personal finance?

Pg. 1 - Introduction into scarcity.    Define - scarcity.    How can the price of an object go up if it becomes scarce?    

Pg. 2 -  Explain what is a 'want'.    Explain what is a 'need'.     What's the difference between the two? How can not knowing the different get someone into financial trouble?     Explain what is a 'good'.   Explain what is a 'service'.    Explain what scarcity means.    Explain what 'opportunity cost' means. Explain what productive resources are.     For an athletic pair of shoes, what are all the productive resources needed?   Explain what natural resources are.    Explain what capital resources are.    Explain what human resources are.    How are these three things similar?    Different?    Which do you think is most important?    Which two are found to be scarce?    Why?   

Pg. 3 - Explain what are human resources?    Explain why labor is scarce.    Are all laborers equal?  What are factors humans consider when choosing an occupation?   Explain how education & job training are factors in human resources.    Explain what an entrepreneur is.    What is the main risk to becoming an entrepreneur?    Define efficiency.    How can technology influence efficiency?   What are some of your favorite technological innovations?       

Pg. 4 - Review the importance of technological innovations.

Pg. 5 - Explain what capital is (remember, economic definition).   Identify-what are the three essential questions that guide economics.   Explain what each one means/refers to.    Explain what scarcity means.    Explain what a mixed-market economy is.   

Pg. 6 - Explain what a traditional-oriented economy is.    Explain how weather & climate affect a traditional-oriented economy.    Explain why there is little innovation in the modes of production. 

Pg. 7 - Explain what a command-oriented economy is.    How does it differ from a traditional-oriented economy.     What are two 'theorized advantages' of the government controlling the economy?   What are two disadvantages of a command-oriented economy?

Pg. 8 - Explain what a market-based economy is.    How does it differ from a traditional-oriented economy.     What are two 'theorized advantages' of a market-based economy?   What are two disadvantages of a market-based economy?

Pg. 9 - Review activity.

Unit:   10.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-11

Key Ideas:  In what ways is a market-based economy compatible with democratic ideals? 

Pg. 1 - 

Unit:   10.3 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-13

Key Ideas: What are the characteristics of a healthy economy? 

Pg. 1 - 

Unit:   10.4 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-11

Key Ideas: Why do nations trade with one another? How does trade affect producers and consumers around the world? 

Pg. 1 - 

Unit:   10.5 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-10

Key Ideas: How can individuals apply economic principles to decisions in personal finance? 

Pg. 1 - 

END OF THE 8th GRADE STANDARDS!    Congratulations.

7th:   WORLD HISTORY & REVOLUTIONS:    You will be attending social studies Mondays through Fridays - 60 minute blocks.

Unit:   21.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-12

pg. 1 - Explain the two reasons American colonists rebelled.    Summarize what 'no taxation, without representation' means.     Why is this so important?   Give the cause & effect of the French-Indian War.     Explain the Stamp Act & the cause/effects of it.     Explain the Tea Act & the causes/effects of it.    Summarize the Boston Tea Party.    Summarize the Intollerable Acts.

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pg. 2 - Identify, what was the first battle of the American Revolution.    Explain what the Declaration of Independence is all about.    Who wrote it?    Summarize the founders' ideas & philosophy about the purpose of government.     Explain what consent of the governed means.    Explain what are unalienable rights.     Identify what was the turning point in the war?     What was the cause & effect of the Battle of Saratoga?     Explain how France aided us.    

pg. 3 - Identify the first government of the colonies.    Explain why the founders wanted a 'weak' government, and not a 'strong' one.    List 3 faults with the Articles of Confederation.    Identify the two enlightenment philosophers & their ideas which influenced the American founding fathers.    Summarize the rules of the 3 branches of government.     Explain checks/balance.    Explain the importance of James Madison's role at the Constitutional Convention.    What are the Bill of Rights.

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pg. 4 - Explain the ideas of Rousseau, Montesquieu, & Voltaire.    Explain how the American Revolution was influenced by the French.    Which of the French philosophers do you think had the largest impact upon the founding fathers?

pg. 5 - Identify the three estate parts of French society.    Create a diagram that represents this.     Explain how the 3rd Estate reacted.    Why & give reasons.     

pg. 6 - Explain what led to the Tennis Court Oath & what was it.    Explain what was 'the Great Fear'.   Identify what Bastille is & explain its importance in French history.     Explain what limited monarchy is.   Explain the Declaration of the RIghts of Man & of the Citizens.

pg. 7 - Explain why limited monarchy failed.    Explain how the Jacobins & Royalists are polar opposite.    Explain the rise of the National Convention.    Explain what the Reign of Terror was.  

pg. 8 - Summarize the Reign of Terror - what caused it?   ended it?   was it fair?    just?

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pg. 9 - Which European philosopher idea's of separation of powers were used in France's directory.  What 3 reforms did the directory create/change?  List 4 challenges/problems the directory had that led to its failure - what were the weaknesses?  List three of Napoleon's military successes that built his resume & explain how this was a positive for the French citizens. Using cause & effect, what were the causes for Napoleon?   Explain who Napoleon was.     What did he do to the government?    Explain how the French reacted to Napoleon.   

pg. 10 - Summarize the effect of Napoleon on France.

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pg. 11 - Explain how the world responded to Napoleon.    Were they just in their actions?    Explain how & why Napoleon returned.    What ended up happening to him?

pg. 12 - Explain how the French Revolution changed Europe.   What did the Congress of Vienna do?    What was an important effect of the French Revolution in Latin America?

Unit:   21.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-12

Key Ideas:  1.  Explain the motives, methods, & outcomes of the Haitian Revolution & Independence movements in Mexico/South America.

pg. 1 - Find Haiti or Hispaniola on a map.   Explain briefly the history of Hispaniola.     Who controlled it.     Why were Africans brought to Hispaniola?    Describe the working conditions.    Explain the social structure of the Hispaniola culture.    Explain how the French Revolution inspired the workers/people of Hispaniola.

pg. 2 & 3 - Summarize the revolt in Haiti.     How is Toussaint Louverture comparable to the rebels of American & French Revolutions?    Explain American & European concern by the Haitian Rebellion - give 2 examples of non-support of Haiti by the USA.     Explain the compromise between France & Haiti for independence.    Explain how Haiti had economic & political problems.

pg. 4 -  Find Brazil on a map.    Identify what peninsulaes, creoles, mulattos/mestizos are in Spanish society.    Create a graphic organizer that represents the social order.     Explain how the American & French Revolutions inspired the creoles to revolt.    Explain what status quo means.    Identify, what happened in 1808 that led the the effect of rebellion within the Spanish & Portuguese empires.   

pg. 5 - Find Mexico on a map.    Explain who Hidalgo was & the effect he had.    Explain what the Iguala Plan was.    Explain how Mexico faced economic & political problems after the revolution.    Explain how Haiti & Mexico revolutions are different & similar.

pg. 6 - Find Peru, Chile, Argentina, & Bolivia on a map.    Explain who San Martin was & the effect he had.    Explain who Bolivar was & his effect on history.    

pg. 7 - Explain who benefited & who didn't in the Revolutions discussed on pg. 6.

pg. 8 -  Find Brazil & Portugal on a map.    same continent?     Explain what a plantation is.    Explain how Brazil was treated differently from other Spanish colonies - what was the effect of being treated differently?      Summarize how Brazil gained it's independence.

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Unit:   21.3 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-12

Key Ideas: Explain how technological innovations influenced production & work.   Analyze the social impact of industrialization, including urbanization, social mobility, the changing standard of living, and scientific advancements.

pg. 1 - Explain what was the Industrial Revolution.   Explain how did things change - cause/effect.   Explain what is agriculture.    Identify & explain the importance of the following:   seed drill, crop rotation, enclosure movement.

pg. 2 - Explain industrialization.    What cause it?    Was was the effect back then.    How is life a result of industrialization today?    Identify what are textiles.     Identify & explain the importance of the following:  flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, power loom.    Explain what is mass production?    What are the advantages of mass production?

pg. 3 - Explain what natural resources are.     Identify & explain the importance of the following:  steam engine, coal, & metals.    Explain what the Bessemer process is & the effect of it on industrialization.    

pg.  4 - Explain the importance of transportation.   Identify & explain the importance of the following:  turnpike, canals, & railroads.

pg. 5 - Explain what the following  are & how they're used in manufacturing:   

A.   assembly lines

B.   mass production

C.   labor

Explain Henry Ford's impact on manufacturing.

pg. 6 -  Explain what an entrepreneur is.     Summarize the growth of the middle class due to working.     

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Explain what the working class is & how it came about due to the Industrial Revolution.    Explain the rise of trade unions.    What caused them to be created by the workers?    What was the effect on businesses & wages?     Explain what is a strike & how they effect business & workers.    

pg. 7   Summarize how urbanization changed cities.     Explain how electricity changed cities.    Explain how living conditions improved lives.     Explain how immigration changed - who moved where?    Write down 3 sentences that support the claim:   Cities populations boomed during the Industrial Revolution.

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pg. 8   Explain what advances took place in science during the Industrial Revolution.    Explain how discovering bacteria was important.     Explain how vaccines work & why they're important. Write down 3 sentences that support the claim:   Science advancements improved society during the Industrial Revolution.

pg. 9  Explain how biology improved during the Industrial Revolution.    Explain what cell theory is.    Explain what genetics is.     Why is understanding genetics important?     Explain what evolution is.      Explain how pages 8 & 9 are similar; how are they different?    

pg. 10 Explain how the Industrial Revolution led to countries competing against each other for raw materials.      What conclusions can be drawn from 

Unit:   21.4 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-8

Key Ideas:  Compare philosophical reactions to industrialization, including laissez-faire capitalism, utilitarianism, Methodism, socialism, communism, Social Darwinism, progressivism, romanticism, and realism. .

pg. 1 - Summarize what a 'traditional economy' was.

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                          Give 3 examples of inventions that changed the economies of countries & explain how.    

Explain what a corporation is & using Google, give 3 modern day examples of corporations.     Summarize how manufacturers can lower the cost.    Explain how owning every step in manufacturing can increase profits.   Explain how employers can pay less money to employees.    Give 3 sentences that support how employees were payed less.

pg. 2 - Give 3 examples of how working in a factory could be extremely difficult.     Summarize what life was life for a female & children workers.     Summarize the consequences of these working conditions - what did the specialized workers in specific industries do?      Explain how owners responded to labor & trade unions.    Give 3 examples of things that contributed to diseases in crowded cities.    Explain how progressives responded.   

pg. 3 - Explain how Smith applied the enlightenment belief in natural laws to economics.    Summarize what 'laissez-faire' capitalism is.    Do you agree with this economic model?    Summarize America's free market system - how does it work?    Who owns businesses?     Give 3 examples of laissez-faire principles from the text.

pg.4 - Explain the concept of 'natural selection'.    Explain how Spencer applied Darwin's principles to human society.     Give 3 examples to support Malthus's concerns.    Explain Ricardo's theory 'iron law of wages'.

pg. 5 - GIve 3 examples of 'problems' with living & working conditions for people who weren't in the middle/upper classes.     Explain what factors 'pushed' the Utilitarians into action  (use cause&effect).    Explain what utopia is.    Compare & contrast socialism (China) to capitalism (USA) in economic terms...what are the major differences.    Do you think Utopia is possible?

pg. 6 -  Compare Karl Marx's version of socialism to Owen/Fourier's version.    Give 3 examples of how they're similar.     Summarize Marx's version of socialism & reasons he thought capitalism was a failed system.     Explain Marx's impact on modern governments.

pg. 7 - Explain what the progressives were.   Give 3 examples of problems that progressives wanted to solve & explain their ideas for their solution.   

pg. 8 - Summarize how the Industrial Revolution impacted the art movement:   Romantic & Realistic movements.

Unit:   22.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-8

Key Ideas:  How did nationalism and liberalism change the global balance of power?   Why did European powers engage in imperial expansion?  How did the rest of the world respond?   How did World War I reflect the consequences of the industrial age?  How did the Great Depression contribute to the rise of dictatorships?

pg. 1 - Summarize the Congress of Vienna - how did it create multinational empires?     Explain what happened to valuable territories of France (cause/effect).     Give 2 examples of liberal philosophy.    How were conservatives & liberals POV different?

pg. 2 - Explain what 'Nationalism' is.    Give 3 examples of nationalism.    Explain how citizens began supporting their country more than their king.    Give 2 examples of the liberal movement in England.

pg. 3 - Summarize how the 2nd Reich was created in Germany.    

pg. 4 - Summarize how Italy became unified.

pg. 5 - Explain the creation of the Ottoman Empire.    What did it used to be?    Give 2 examples of modern day countries that became independent due to liberal ideas from the Ottoman Empire.   Explain what happened to the Armenians.     What is genocide?     Give 2 examples of how the Ottoman Empire struggled controlling their empire.     Explain how Austria created an empire.

pg. 6 -  Summarize the changes in Russia.    Give 2 examples of steps that the Tzar took to remain in power.    What were some positivies/negatives of 'Russification'.    Explain the final step in Russia moving from a autocracy to a constitutional monarchy.   

pg. 7 - Summarize the changes that occurred in Japan during the Imperialism movement.   

pg. 8 - Summarize the changes that occurred within Japan culture/traditions during this time.

Unit:   22.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-8

Key Ideas:  Analyze factors that contributed to European imperialism.  Evaluate actions European powers took to increase their global influence.  Describe opposition and resistance to imperialism.  Describe American and European imperialism in Latin America and compare it with imperialism in the rest of the world.

pg. 1 - Explain what the Industrial Revolution was.    Explain how it led to countries expanding.    Give 2 examples of raw materials that were sought  .    Explain what Imperialism is.     Explain what spheres of influence, Protectorates, & Colonies were.    Compare & contrast these three factors of Imperialism.    Compare & contrast direct to indirect rule.

pg. 2 -  Explain how nationalism led to imperialism.     Explain how industrialism led to imperialism & an increase in militaries.    Give 2 examples of 'Western Ideas' & explain how they were spread from Europe around the world.

pg. 3 -  Summarize how Africa was carved out, by the European powers.     Give 4 examples of raw materials that were sought & explain how those materials are used in industrialization.    Explain what the Berlin Conference created.     Explain how some Africans resisted - give an example.

pg. 4 - Explain & give examples of how Imperialism affected North African countries & in the Middle East.   

pg. 5 - Explain how imperialism led to Indian Revolution & it's independence.     Explain why & how England used India - the role of East India Tea Company.     Explain how the Sepoy Rebellion started & what were the effects?

pg. 6 -  Explain how imperialism affected China & the Pacific Island nations.    Explain what the Opium wars were.     Give 2 examples of countries interfering with China - what were they after?

pg. 7 - Explain what Isolationism is & why did America practice it?     What was the effect of expanding markets?    Summarize what the Monroe Doctrine was.     Explain the cause & effect of the Monroe Doctrine.     Summarize the Spanish-American War.

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pg. 8 -  Explain what triggered the Spanish-American war.     Give 2 examples of 'gains' made by America as a result of the Spanish-American War.     Explain what the Panama Canal is.    Give 2 reasons why it was built.     

Unit:   22.3 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-11

Key Ideas:  Examine the structure of alliances and militarization in Europe that led to the outbreak of the war.  Describe how World War I differed from previous European wars.  Analyze the roles that colonized people played in World War I as well as the war’s impact on those people.  Analyze the motives and outcomes of the Russian Revolution.  Analyze the motives and outcomes of the Paris Peace Conference ending World War

pg. 1 - Explain what alliance means in paragraph 3.    What conclusions can be drawn from the formation of the two alliances (Central & Allied).     Explain why you don't 'have to be friends' to be in an alliance.   What is the goal of an alliance?   

pg.  2   Explain why 'smaller' nations formed alliances with 'bigger' nations.    Summarize the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand - what did it trigger?     Create a list of steps - who declared war first, who was second?   third?    Compare this to 'setting up dominos, and knocking one over' - what happens?    Explain how this created an 'European war'    Create a t-chart showing the two alliances & which countries were where (sides).    

pg. 3  Explain what 'casualties' means in paragraph 2.   Explain what 'trench warfare' is/was & if trench warfare was the 'effect', then what caused it?     Explain what led to the invention of tanks.    Explain how planes were used in WW1.    Explain what 'chemical warfare' means.    How could innocent people die from chemical warfare?    Explain why the battle of the seas/oceans was vital to both alliances.   

pg. 4   In paragraph 1, explain what 'the sun never sets on the British Empire' means.   Explain how British colonies helped England during the war.    Explain how the French colonies helped France during the war.    Explain how the 'European War' becomes the first world war.   

pg. 5   Explain the effect of the Battle of Tannenberg upon the war.     Explain what s talemate means in paragraph 2.    Explain how modern weapons led to stalemate in WW1.    Explain the effect of the Battle of Jutland upon the Central Powers.    Explain the new features of war that the British used at the Battle of Cambrai.    Summarize America's involvement during WW1.    Explain how America got into the World War - were we attacked?    What happened for USA to enter the war.     Summarize how WW1 ends, & what was America's contribution towards victory?    

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pg. 6  What was the main idea from pg. 6?    

pg. 7  Explain what Tsar means in paragraph 1.     Explain what aristocrat means as used in paragraph 1.    Explain what led to the Russian Revolution.    Who was Lenin?    Explain what & why he felt the way he did towards the Tsar.    What was the main belief of the Bolsheviks & Lenin.    Explain how Lenin & the Bolsheviks came to power.    

pg. 8   Explain why Lenin wanted to end the war, even if they lost.     What happened to Tsar Nicholas II & his family?    What was the main idea of the 'Red Scare'?    How did it affect America?    What were they scared of?   

pg. 9  Explain what reparations means in paragraph 3.   Explain what was harsh.     What was the main idea of the Treaty of Versailles?     What was the main idea behind the League of Nations.    What do you think led to this idea?

pg. 10 - What was the main idea of the Mandate System.    What created this?   Explain how Israel was created.   

pg. 11 - Explain what 'secret covenants' means in Wilson's quote.   Explain what peculiar means from the quote.    Explain what was happening in Germany, following the war, that led to an environment that 'created Hitler'.   

Unit:   22.4 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-9

Key Ideas:  Explain the initial causes and seriousness of the Great Depression of the 1930s.   Describe the Great Depression’s influence on global perspectives of laissez-faire capitalism.   Compare the ideologies and practices of emerging dictatorships in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union.   Explain events and factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War II.

Pg. 1 - Give 3 examples of how WW1 created problems for countries.    Explain how men dying negatively affected the workforce in countries.    Explain what inflation means.     Explain why Germany faced worse problems than other countries that fought in WW1.     How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany - was it fair?      What is overproduction.    How does it cause the price of an object to drop?   

Pg. 2 -  Explain how the stock market works.    What are shares?    What are stocks?    What does buying on debt mean?    Explain how fear helped to accelerate the stock market crash.     Explain what a tariff is.     Explain how they work & what is the goal of tarriffs?

Pg. 3 - Summarize the impact of the Great Depression - use 3 examples.     Explain what unemployment means.     Explain how citizens responded.    Explain what happened with the Veterans - 'Bonus Army' - explain how the government let them down. 

Pg. 4 -  Explain what 'laissez-faire' capitalism means - do you agree with this philosophy?   Explain why people felt this idea failed during the Great Depression.    Explain how socialism/communism starts to become popular with people - how could it have changed things during the depression?     Which is a better philosophy?      Explain what the Social Security Act did - provide 3 examples that are still around today.    Explain what infrastructure jobs are & how they can help during a depression.   

Pg. 5 - Explain what an authoritarian government?     What rights are given up for protection/control?     Why do you think authoritarian leaders are called dictators?    Give evidence to prove that communism & fascism are indeed authoritarian government types. Describe communism - give 2 examples that prove it's authoritarian.    Describe fascism - give 2 examples that prove it's authoritarian.

Pg. 6 - Summarize how & why Italy went authoritarian.    Describe Mussolini.     What were the goals of the Italian facsists?  

Pg. 7 - Explain how Stalin's authoritarian government was.    Explain how Stalin thought industrialization would help Russia.    Explain collectivization.     Do you think the government should own farms or individual families?    Explain how citizens embraced the new authoritarian government.    How did the new communist government react to unhappy citizens?    How did the government deal with political prisoners?     Do they still treat political prisoners this way in Russia?

Pg. 8 - Give 3 examples of challenges Germany faced following WW1.    Explain why Germany was in debt.    Explain how Germany's condition led to Adolf Hitler.    Explain why Hitler wanted to 'purify' Germany.    Whom did he target?    Explain what the Reichstag fire was & explain how Hitler used this to his advantage.    Do you think Hitler & his followers set fire, or the communists, as he suggested?     Explain what happened after Hitler got control.    

Pg. 9 - Explain how Japan responded to European imperialists during the 1800s.    Do you think modernizing their military & creating factories is what kept the Europeans from interfering with Japan?    Explain what 'scarcer' means in paragraph 2.    Explain how did Japan's military leaders think Japan's economic problems could be solved.   How can war create jobs?     Explain how the military took over Japan during the 1930s.     Give 2 examples of similarities between imperial Japan & Nazi Germany (think of human rights taken away). 

Unit:   22.5 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-10

Key Ideas:  How did the Axis powers form?  Why did Europe offer so little resistance to the Axis?  How did the European war progress in its early months?  How did the Allies respond to the Axis attacks?  What were Japan’s goals in the war?  How did the war in the Pacific come to an end?

Pg. 1 - Give 3 examples of Hitler's violations of the Treaty of Versailles.   Explain what the Pact of Steel was.     Explain what happened on March 7th, 1936 - why is this significant?  Why do you think Hitler formed friendships with Italy, instead of England or France or Russia?     Explain why Japan invaded China.     Explain who fought in the Spanish Civil War.    Who did Italy & Germany support?    Why did these two European dictators support General Franco?

Pg. 2 - Explain how the world tried to avoid another war - give 2 examples.     Explain the consequence for Italy - for invading Ethiopia.    Explain what economic sanctions are.      Explain why America did not join the League of Nations.    Explain what isolationism is, for a country.    Do you think it's a good idea, in 2025, for America to be 'isolationist'?     Explain what appeasement is.    Should America appease Russia & China, in 2025?     Do you think parents/teachers/coaches should appease 'trouble-makers'?     Why were European leaders, like Chamberlain, fearful of war with Germany?     What happened to Austria in 1938?    Explain why Hitler wanted the Sudetenland.     Explain what the Munich Agreement was.    Why do you think the Munich Agreement failed?     What happened to the rest of Czechoslovakia?     What happened on September 1st, 1939?    What happened on September 3rd, 1939?

Pg. 3 - How do you think England/America (democracies) reacted to Hitler & Stalin's Non-Aggression Pact?    Explain the pact.     Why did Hitler want to make a pact with his enemy, Russia?     Explain the German's blitzkrieg - do you think modern armies practice blitzkrieg?    Explain what & why it was called 'Phony War'.     Explain how the Phony war ended.     Explain why France was counting on the Maginot Line for it's protection.    What was the Maginot Line?    Explain how did the German armies deal with this threat?     Explain what happens to France in WW2.      Explain why German couldn't invade England. Explain how & where the Battle of Britain was fought.     Why was control of the air, by the British & German air forces, so vital?     Explain the London Blitz.     Give 3 reasons why Hitler wanted to invade Russia.     Explain what fighting on 'two-front' means.

Pg. 4 -  Explain how 'Lend-Lease' helped England.     Was America truly being neutral?     Explain what happened on 12/07/41.     What was the consequence of Pearl Harbor?  Why did the axis & allied armies fought over Africa - give 2 reasons.     Where did German & American forces first clash?     Where did the Americans invade next?    What was the consequence of that?    Explain why the war between the Germans & Russians was so fierce.    Explain how/why the Battle of Stalingrad is considered the turning point in the Eastern front.     Explain the significance of 'D-Day', 6/6/44.    Explain why fighting on two fronts is a challenge for any army.    Explain what the Battle of the Bulge was.    What is the significance of the battle?     Explain how the war ends for Nazi Germany.      What does 'V-E Day' mean?

Pg. 5 -  Explain why America placed economic sanctions upon Japan.     Due to the sanction, what natural resource was Japan lacking.    Explain why Japan attacked America at Pearl Harbor.    Was the Japan attack successful?    Explain the effect of the attack - how did America respond to Japan?     Explain Japan's early victories.     Explain what was the Bataan Death March.      What happened to the Philippines?     Explain the significance of the Battle of Midway.      Explain what a turning point is - during a story or a war.    Summarize the strategy of 'Island Hopping' - why did the Americans have to do this?    

Pg. 6 - Explain Japan's warrior code.    How would this lead to Japanese soldiers being fanatic fighters?    Could this be why the casualties were so high in the Pacific theater during WW2?    What do you think of a soldier who 'fights to the death'?     Explain what a kamikaze was.     Why do you think teenage boys/young men volunteer to die for the emperor?    Explain what the Manhattan Project developed & why did they think/design/build it?    Explain why did President Truman decide to drop the atomic bomb on Japan.    If you were the American president, would you 'nuke' an opponent, just to protect American lives?     Explain what happened on 8/6/45 - what happened for the very first time in the history of humans on Earth?    How did the Japanese government respond to the Hiroshima bombing?     What happened three days later?    Now, how did the Japanese government respond?     Explain what V-J Day means.   

Pg. 7 - Explain what 'anti-Semitism' means.    Why would someone choose to be anti-Semitic?    Explain what ghettos were.    Explain what the Nuremberg Laws were & who was targeted unfairly.    Explain what propaganda is.    What was Kristallknacht?   Who was targeted?    Give 2 examples of violence perpetrated against the Jews.    Give 2 examples of civil rights that were taken away from Jews by the Nazis.   Explain what concentration camps were.    

Pg. 8 - Explain what the Holocaust was.    Create a list of all the different types of people, besides Jews, that the Nazis wanted to destroy/murder.    Explain what happened as the Nazi empire expanded.    Explain what the 'final solution' was.    Why do you think it was called the final solution?    What happened to humans at Concentration Camps?    Why do you think the Nazis didn't want witnesses to the Holocaust?    

Pg. 9 - Explain what are 'war crimes'     What happened at the Nuremberg Trials?   Why was the city of Nuremberg selected as the site for the criminal trials?       Was the Nazis the only member of the Axis alliance that were put on war trial for crimes against humanity?   Why was the country Israel created & for whom?     Explain how Israel was created - and do you think this is part of the reason why there is still conflict in the Middle-East.    

Pg. 10 - Explain the effects of World War 2.   Explain why America came out of WW2 'on top'.    Why wasn't America destroyed/in ruins, like other countries that fought in WW2?   Explain what happened to Germany following WW2.    Explain why the allies wanted  to help rebuild Germany & Japan.    What was their motivation for this?     Explain what the United Nations is & why it was created.    Explain what the security counsel is - in the United Nations.

Unit:   23.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-8

Key Ideas:  Describe the ideological and strategic reasons for conflict between Western democracies and the Soviet Union.  Compare Soviet and U.S. motives during their occupation of Europe following World War II.  Describe the different types of conflicts that occurred within Central Europe during the Cold War.  Analyze the effectiveness of nuclear deterrence in maintaining peace between the United States and the Soviet Union.  Evaluate the danger illustrated by the Cuban Missile Crisis as well as the long-term consequences of the event.

Pg. 1 - Explain why America & the Soviet Union worked together during WW2.    Explain what the Cold War was.    Who was it in between?   Why?    Explain what capitalism is.    Explain what is a democracy.    Explain what is communism.    Give 2 differences between the two economic systems.    Explain what a market economy is.   Explain what a command economy is.    Identify - who influenced communist ideas.   What was the main problem communists had with capitalism.  Give 2 examples of how life was different in the Soviet Union (video).   

Pg. 2 - Explain what big thing happened in Russia, in 1917.    Explain what was the 'red scare'.    Why do you think Americans were afraid of communism?     Is communism still our enemy today?    Why was England & the Soviet Union suspicious of each other?    Explain what happened to Germany following their defeat in WW2.    What extra steps did the Soviet Union expect/demand?    Explain what is a reparation.    What promise did Stalin make about Eastern European countries?    Did he keep his promise?     How did the Russians find out about the atomic bomb?    Why were they worried?    Explain why Stalin didn't trust the American military.  Explain what an iron curtain was/is.   Who coined the phrase?   

Pg. 3 - Explain what 'sphere of influence' means/is.   Explain how America became a superpower following WW2.    Explain what a superpower is.    What did the Soviets invent in 1949?  Explain how did this invention change things in the world?    Explain what an arms race is.    Explain how the cold war remained 'cold'.    What would've a 'hot' war looked/sounded like?    What does mutually assured destruction mean?   Explain why was America worried about Greece & Turkey?   Summarize the Truman Doctrine:  

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Explain what foreign aid is.   Why do you think America wanted to give $$$ to Greece & Turkey?  Explain what the 'domino theory' was/is.    How did it shape America's foreign policy during the middle of the 20th century?    Explain what containment means.    How was it applied to US foreign policy towards the Soviet Union?    What two wars did it lead to?    Explain what the Marshall Plan was.    Explain why was America giving so much $$$ to western Europe?    Why do you think there was an uprising in Hungary?   

Pg. 4 - Compare & contrast how the allied powers treated Germany, post-WW2.    Why did they act differently?    Explain why the Communist Russians blockaded Berlin from the western powers.    Explain how the Americans & British responded to the Berlin Blockade.    Explain what foreign aid is.     Explain what the Berlin Airlift was & was it successful?     Explain what collective security is.    Explain why NATO was formed & what does the acronym N.A.T.O. stand for.    How did the communists respond?     Do you think America should be in a defense alliance with other European countries - why/why not.    

Pg. 5 - Explain why the Americans wanted to rearm West Germany.    How did the Soviets respond?    Give 3 examples of how Stalin punished East Germany.    How did the East Germans respond to Stalin - & how did Stalin respond to the protests?    Explain what happened in 1953, in Russia, and how was Khrushchev different from his predecessor.      How did Eastern European countries react to Khrushchev's 'thaw'?     How did the communist respond to the uprisings?    Summarize the origins of the 'Berlin Wall' - 

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Explain how the Berlin was was a symbol of the division between East & West.    Explain what happened to Czechoslovakia in 1968.   How did the communists respond? 

Pg. 6 - Explain what the acronym M.A.D. stands for.    Give an example, from a movie, that features the concept of M.A.D.   Explain what deterrence is.    Do American Presidents use deterrence in foreign policies?    Explain why.    Explain how propaganda was used, by both sides, to persuade foreign citizens.    What is the goal of Civil Defense in America?    Give 3 examples of civil defense strategies.    How was civil defense different in Soviet Russia?   

Pg. 7 - Explain what 'space race' is/was.    Give 2 reasons why countries wanted to explore outer space.  Why was space a battlefield?    Is it still one today?     Who launched the first satalite into space?    What was it called?    Explain what the acronym N.A.S.A. stands for.    Who put the first man into space?    How did the Americans respond?    What happened on July 20th, 1969?

Pg. 8 - Explain how space exploration led to weapon development.    What is an I.C.B.M.?     Explain what happened in Cuba, in 1959, that affected American security.    What did the communists do to American businesses in Cuba?     Why?     Explain what a trade embargo is.    How do they work?    Explain what happened at the Bay of Pigs.     How do you think communist Cubans reacted to the invasion.    Explain what a blockade is & how does it work.    Explain how brinksmanship works - & what is it.      How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved?  

Summarize the Cuban Missile Crisis : 

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Unit:   23.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-7

Key Ideas:  Analyze events and factors that contributed to the emergence of communism in China after World War II.  Evaluate actions by the communist government to transform Chinese society, economy, and political system.  Analyze the impact that China’s transition to communism had on the Cold War and international relations.

Pg. 1 - When was the Chinese communist party established?    Which two of Karl Marx's ideas did the Chinese communist adopt?   Identify - who led the Chinese communists?    Before the Japanese attacked, what was the Chinese civil war fought over?     Why was there a pause in hostilities between the communists & nationalists?   

Pg. 2 - Explain why some of the Chinese people & the Americans lost faith in Chiang Kai-shek.    Explain one way the communists won the hearts of the Chinese people.    Explain how China was 'rewarded' at the United Nations - why.     Give one example & one power of how China is equal to the United States & Russia - at the United Nations.   

Pg. 3 - Summarize the Chinese civil war (1945-1949)

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Give two examples where the 'communist power' came from (people's support & weapons).    Why do you think the Americans supported the nationalists?     Why do you thin the Russians supported Mao's supporters?    Explain what important event happened in China in 1949.    What was Taiwan?    Why does China feel this island belongs to them?    Which side is Taiwan on now in the 21st Century, China or America?    Explain why.

Pg. 4 -    Explain both methods of how Mao was going to change China's economy.    Explain the importance of industry, once again, for a country.     How much power does a country with industries have over countries without industries - explain with your own example.   What did Mao name his economic recovery program?    Explain a drawback of everyone having a 'backyard furnace' for making steel - what problems can you foresee?    What is famine?    Explain how weather contributed to the failure of Mao's economic plan.     How many died?   

Pg. 5 -     Explain how Mao tried to rebound following the failure of the Great Leap Forward.   Give 2 examples of how Mao tried to promote communist ideas.    Was is a huge negative to closing schools?     Why did the youth target the elderly?    Explain - did Mao love the middle class?     Explain what does 'cult of personality' mean?    Think of a modern-day politician that has the 'cult of personality'.    What was the Little Red Book?    Why was the book red?   Why was the book read?    Explain what were the 'red guards?'    Identify - what were the 'four olds'?    In modern day America, do we have our own version of the 'red guards' & what four olds do they target?    

Pg. 6 -  Give one example of how there was tension between China & America.    Explain how China & Russia's relationship changed after Stalin died.     Explain how did President Nixons' efforts changed the relationship between USA & China.  

Pg. 7 - Explain how China changed after Mao died.    Give 2 examples of changes under Deng.    Why would a country limit the number of births allowed?    Explain what happened at Tiananmen Square.    What were the college kids protesting for?    Explain the picture at the bottom of the page - what symbolism is there?     

Unit:   23.3 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-12

Key Ideas:  Explain reasons for and key events leading to postwar independence movements in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Explain the economic, military, and ideological significance of the non-aligned countries to the agendas of the United States and the Soviet Union.  Describe key causes of postwar conflict in the Middle East.  Analyze key events in the emergence and development of independent countries in Africa.

Pg. 1 - Review - why did Imperialism fall apart?    Explain how/why countries controlled other peoples' lands.    Explain 'self-determination' - how does it apply to you?   Give 2 reasons why African/Asian nations thought they should be self-governed.   

Pg. 2 - Identify the first two countries to break away from British rule.    Summarize the impact of Gandhi.

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Explain the impact of Gandhi upon Dr. M.L.K. Jr.   Compare & contrast the creations of India & Pakistan.    Explain why there is a historic conflict between the two nations.     Why is it an issue today?    

Pg. 3 - Explain what is Pan-Arabism.   Explain what Zionism.    Summarize the historic difficulties faced by Jews 

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      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

 Explain the causes of the conflict between Palestine & Jews.    Explain  Arabian intervention into the conflict - what did they want.    Explain why this has created a problem that is still around today - can you connect & explain what happened in the past, with current events, as it deals between Israel & Palestine?    

Pg. 4 - Explain how self-determination & nationalism contributed to African resistance.    Explain the POV of the Pan-Africanism activists.   Give 2 examples of famous Pan-African activists & what were their beliefs.   

Pg. 5 - Identify what was the first sub-Saharan country to gain it's independence.   Give 2 examples of countries that gained their independence through peaceful means.   Explain how Kenya's fight for independence was different than Ghana - give 2 examples of the differences.  Explain why European settlers were resistant to independence.    Explain why violence broke out in the Congo.    Explain why would the Soviet Union & America pay attention to the civil war in the Belgium Congo.

Pg. 6 - Explain what challenges new countries faced.    Explain what political turmoil is & give an example of how this interfered with their independence.    Explain what ethnic tensions are & give an example of how this created problems in the newly independent African nations.    Explain what economic woes are & give an example of how this interfered with their independent countries growth.

Pg. 7 - Explain what apartheid was in South Africa.    Explain how this created divisions within South Africa.   Explain the importance of Nelson Mandela.     Give an example of how the international community 'punished' South African apartheid.     Summarize the struggles of South Africans:

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      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

Pg. 8 - Explain why America & the Soviet Union wanted allies in the newly minted countries.    Give 2 examples of how the superpowers tried to influence the newer countries.    Did it work?    Explain what the C.I.A. is.    How does the CIA interfere with other countries affairs?     Explain how the Congo became a test in between the Soviet Union & America.    What happened?    Explain how Ghana also got caught up in the struggle between the communists & capitalists.

Pg. 9 - Explain how communism & capitalism are different.    Make the connection between capitalism & imperialism.     Explain the 'domino theory', as it relates to communist expansion.   Explain how communist take over of a countries industries threaten American companies.    Explain how the CIA responded to the threat of communist takeover in South America.   Explain why Cuba is an ally of Russia, not their neighbor, America.

Pg. 10 - What are non-aligned countries?    Why would countries choose 'no side'?    Give 3 examples of countries that are non-aligned.    Explain how the conflict between India & Pakistan became wider - why did America & Russia get involved?   

Pg. 11 - Explain the Pan-Arabism POV - what do they want?   Identify 3 conflicts that resulted from Pan-Arabism in Africa & the Middle-East.    Summarize the Suez Canal crisis - 

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      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

Summarize the Six-Day War

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              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

Summarize the 1973 Arab-Israeli War.

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      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

Pg. 12 - Give an economic reason why America & the Soviet Union are so interested in the Middle East - what valuable natural resource is found in abundance?    Explain how this resouce is used for $$$ & the military.    Give  3 examples of how America intervened in the Middle East - and explain why.    What is a military coup?    Why would America get involved in military coups? Explain how the Soviet Union also intervened in the Middle East.    Explain what happened in Afghanistan between the Americans & Soviets.   

Unit:   23.4 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-7

Key Ideas: Compare the motives and outcomes of Cold War–era conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan.  Analyze the causes for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.  Identify problems caused by the Soviet Union’s collapse.

Pg. 1 - Give one piece of evidence that America & the Soviet Union were rivals after Nazi Germany's defeat.    Explain what a satellite state is & give one example.    Explain the figurative language of 'iron curtain' - describe what Churchill is actually describing.    Explain the containment theory.    Explain the domino theory as it relates to communism.   Explain what a proxy war is.     Explain how the Korean war was a proxy war between the two superpowers.    Explain why you think China didn't want Korea to become democratic.   

Pg. 2 - Identify - which sides were involved (ex.   America supported north or south Korea)     Explain why the war technically didn't end.    What is significant about the 38th parallel?    Explain how the war started.   Explain General MacArthur's contribution to the war effort.    Explain how it became a stalemate.    Do you think the war was successful?     Summarize the Korean Conflict:

                      sentence #1 : blue :  introduction of main idea of paragraph

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      sentence #3 : green :  explain, in your own words, what the detail means...it's relevance

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      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

Explain how the Korean Conflict became to be called the 'forgotten war' 

Pg. 3 - Explain how France & Japan was involved with French Indochina.    Explain who was Ho Chi Minh & who would you compare him to in American history.   What was the resolution of the Geneva Accords?    What other Asian country does this history sound like?    Explain how the domino theory got America into the Vietnam conflict.     Identify & explain what important event happened at the Gulf of Tonkin?   Who was the Viet Cong?    Explain guerilla tactics - can you think of a video game with guerilla tactics?     Explain the consequence of the Tet Offensive of '68.    Why were there protestors to the war?    Explain how Nixon changed the war - did we win?     Why do you think the war ended the way it did?    Summarize the VIetnam War - 

                      sentence #1 : blue :  introduction of main idea of paragraph

                      sentence #2 : red : 1st detail (according to discovery ed, pg 3".....)

      sentence #3 : green :  explain, in your own words, what the detail means...it's relevance

      sentence #4 : red : 2nd detail

      sentence #5 :  green :  explain....2nd detail....once again, why is it important enough                       that you picked it to use in your summary?

              sentence #6 : blue : wrap it up

Pg. 4 -  Explain what the Brezhnev Doctrine was & how did it relate to communism vs. capitalism.     Explain why & how did Russia get involved in Afghanistan.     What happened/changed in 1979?     Give the 5 responses to the Russian invasion of Afghanistan by American president Carter.   Which do you think 'hurt' Russia the most?    the least?     How would you feel if you were an American Olympic athlete for the 1980 summer Olympics - why did Carter do this?    Explain the long term results of the war in Afghanistan.    Explain how/what & why the Taliban came into power - & how does this relate to America?

Pg. 5 - Give 2 examples that the war in Afghanistan was costly for the Soviets.   Explain what detente was & who it was in-between.   Explain how Ronald Reagan being elected in 1980 affected the Soviets.    Give 2 examples of Reagan's P.O.V. of the Russians/Soviets.   

Pg. 6 - Give 2 examples of how Mikhail Gorbachev was different from his predecessors.   Explain how Glasnost can help to bring together two rivals.    Explain what perestroika is - what is it designed to grow & how important is that.     Explain how did the 'satallite nations' reacted to this.    Identify the first country to break free from communist control.   Create a list of the countries that became free, like having elections.    Explain the symbolism of the Berlin Wall falling - what's the 'big picture'?    Explain how did the 'die-hard' communists react to Gorbachev.

Pg. 7 - Explain what happened to the nuclear weapons of Russia following the communist collapse.     Where did the weapons go?    Do you agree with the statement that America is the only superpower left?   

picture summaries format:

1.    topic sentence (blue)

2.    concrete detail #1 (red)

3.    explain c.d. #1 (green)

4.   concrete detail #2 (red)

5.   explain c.d. #2 (green)

6.  why is this important to you

7.  conclusion 

Unit:   24.1 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-9

Key Ideas: Explain how the end of the Cold War affected individual regions as well as the global balance of power.  Analyze the reasons for global conflicts and power shifts that coincided with the end of the Cold War.  Analyze the domestic and global impacts of economic development in China and the Pacific Rim.

Unit:   24.2 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-11

Key Ideas:  Analyze the economic impact of globalization on both wealthy and so-called developing countries.   Explain the social impact of globalization, including mobility and cultural diffusion.   Analyze how globalization and other post–Cold War developments have changed life in India.

Unit:   24.3 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-8

Key Ideas:  Explain and provide examples of major sources of conflict in the post–Cold War world.  Describe factors and events leading to genocide in Rwanda in the 1990s.  Describe events and factors leading to the emergence and growth of international terrorist organizations after the Cold War.

Unit:   24.4 in Discovery Education / pgs. 1-8

Key Ideas:  Evaluate the effectiveness of international organizations such as the United Nations, the World Bank, and the World Health Organization at addressing global conflicts and crises.  Evaluate the effectiveness of collective security alliances, such as NATO, at addressing global crises in the modern world.  Evaluate how political and economic alliances, including the EU and the G20, influence global politics.  Evaluate the effectiveness of international NGOs in confronting 21st-century challenges.

Make sure you're using your CAPs  & are constructing good notes!    And as always, please ask for help if you need it!