Engineering concepts

Getting started with materials

When I started taking Engineering concept we were doing online school due to Covid-19. For our first assignment, we had to make sure we had all of our items in our kit. After that, we had to take a picture and label all the different items that were included in our kit. The image beside shows the different parts and labels to show what they are.

Circuit Diagram basics

Circuit Diagram

Today we learned what circuit diagrams are. They are a graphical representation of an electrical circuit.

The purpose of a circuit diagram is for engineers to communicate circuit designs and connections.

Circuit Picture

A circuit picture uses simple images to represent the elements of a system using realistic pictures.

Project Brief

Today we talked about what our project will be about. We will be designing a rolling robot which is made out of the items in our kits.

Project Plan

This is our plan on how we will start making our rolling robot project.

Physical Configurations

Servo Based Robot 1

This resource shows introductions on how to make your robot work by using your keyboard. This uses everything in our kit. I can see that the Arduino, breadboard, and batteries are mounted on the cardboard base and there is a lid that covers it so it looks clean. And as the wheels, this has plastic wheels. If I wanted to make this myself I could use an amazon box as the base. And wheels I could use cardboard to make my wheels or use my brother's legos as wheels.

Servo Based Robot 2

In this resource, it uses the majority of our supplies in our kits. And in this example to the aurdino, breadboard, and batteries are mounted on the acrylic board. If I was to make this I would have to come up with my way to make the wheels and base since I don't have acrylic. I could use old cardboard boxes to make the base instead of acrylic. And for the wheels, I could use anything that's round. But I would make the wheels smaller since they are pretty big.

Servo based Robot 3

In the resource, it shows instruction on how to make an easy Arduino robot. In the example, the breadboard and ultrasonic distance sensor are on the front of the robot on a piece of plastic. And the Arduino is on the back of it with the servo below it. If I was to make this project I would have to make the base and the wheels out of something else since I don't have any of those items. I would also use cardboard-like in the other 2 examples for both the base and the wheels.

My Plan (Idea Development)

This Configuration

I'm going to build my prototype by using this photo. And I am going to use cardboard to put the arduino on top of the batteries instead of plastic.

Writing and coding two servo "sweep"

Circuit Picture

This is the circuit picture of what the arduino looks like when you have two servos.

My circuit Diagram

This is the circuit diagram of what it looks like for two servos running on batteries.

IMG-0602.MOV

Video of my two servos working (independently)

Here is the video of my two servos being able to move.

Code for two servos "sweeping" independently

#include <Servo.h> // you will only need this line once, and it refers to a library that control servos

Servo myservo; // just defines a device called servo that is controlled by the servo library

Servo myservo2;

void setup() //this is where you set things up (only occurs once)

{

myservo.attach(9); // my servo is controlled by pin 9

myservo2.attach(11);

}

void loop() { //anything within void loops happens indfinitely

myservo.write(0); // turn my servo clockwise at full speed

delay(2000); //for 2 seconds

myservo2.write(180);

delay(2000);

Rolling Forward Code

<Servo.h>

Servo myservoRight;

Servo myservoLeft;

void setup()

{

myservoRight.attach(9);

myservoLeft.attach(11);

}

void loop() {

myservoRight.write(0);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(2000);

}

Prototyping

Circuit Picture

This is a circuit picture of what the arduino looks like when it has four battery packs and two moving servos.

Circuit Diagram

This is a circuit diagram of what it looks like with a battery pack and 2 servos.

720p.MOV

Video of my robot traversing its path

Here is a video of my robot traversing its path running on only batteries.

Final Code

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservoRight;

Servo myservoLeft;

void setup() {

myservoRight.attach(9);

myservoLeft.attach(11);

}

void loop() {

//stop

myservoRight.write(90);

myservoLeft.write(90);

delay(9000);

//straight

myservoRight.write(0);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(2500);

//left turn

myservoRight.write(0);

myservoLeft.write(90);

delay(875);

//straight

myservoRight.write(0);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(5000);

//right turn

myservoRight.write(90);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(1000);

//straight

myservoRight.write(0);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(8000);

//right turn

myservoRight.write(90);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(1000);

//straight

myservoRight.write(0);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(7750);

//right turn

myservoRight.write(90);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(1000);

//straight

myservoRight.write(0);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(7500);

}

Sensor Documentation

Circuit Picture

This is a circuit picture of what the arduino looks like when it has a sensor that is plugged up.

IMG_1204.MOV

Video for "distance reading"

This video shows what my sensor looks like plugged up and how it tells what distance there is. It works by being able to emit an ultrasound and it travels through the air and if there is an object on its path It will bounce back and sense it.

Code

const int trigPin = 9;

const int echoPin = 11;

long duration;

int distance;

void setup() {

// put your setup code here, to run once:

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

distance= duration*0.034/2;

Serial.print("Distance: ");

Serial.println(distance);

delay(2000);

Robot behaving autonomously

Circuit Diagram

This is a circuit picture of what the arduino looks like when it has a both a sensor and a servo

Circuit Picture

This is a circuit diagram of what it looks like with a battery pack, servos, and sensor all pugged in.

Video of robot moving

This video shows how my robot using the sensor to avoid 5 different obstacles in my room.

Code

#include <Servo.h>

Servo Left;

Servo Right;

const int trigPin = 5;

const int echoPin = 6;

// defines variables

long duration;

int distance;

void setup()

{

Left.attach(11);

Right.attach(9);

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input

Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication

}

void loop()

{

// Clears the trigPin

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

// Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

// Calculating the distance

distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor

Serial.print("Distance: ");

Serial.println(distance);

if (distance > 10) {

Left.write(180);//left forward

Right.write(0);//right forward

delay(1000);

Left.write(90); //stop

Right.write(90);//stop

delay(500);

Left.write(180);//forward

Right.write(90);

} else {

Left.write(180);

} Right.write(0); }

Robot coding Quiz

Robot completing pseudo code

This video shows the robot starting off moving forward for 3 Seconds. Then it makes a left tank turn (90 degrees). Then goes backwards for 5 seconds. Then it takes a standard 180 degree right turn. Then finishes off by going forward for 7 seconds.

Code

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservoRight;

Servo myservoLeft;

void setup() {

myservoRight.attach(9);

myservoLeft.attach(11);

}

void loop() {

// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

//forward 3 seconds

myservoRight.write(0);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(3000);

// left tank turn 90 degrees

myservoRight.write(0);

myservoLeft.write(0);

delay (2000);

//backwards 5 seconds

myservoRight.write(180);

myservoLeft.write(0);

delay(5000);

//standard 180 degree right turn

myservoRight.write(90);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(2000);

//forward 7 seconds

myservoRight.write(0);

myservoLeft.write(180);

delay(7000);

}

2nd Semester

IMG_2815.MOV

How do we convert rotational motion to linear motion?

The pencil and avocado part of the cardboard automaton is what is doing rational motion. And the rod does a linear motion. The character that I made was an alien that has 2 little arms and an oversized upper body. Which also has no legs.

Project Brief

This is what we will be doing for our second project.

These are our goals in order to learn about gears and how they work.

These are the constraints in order for our gears to be completed.

Inscape Introduction

To make this shape I first started off by making a circle that matches the dimensions of .5 inches in height and width. And the second circle with a diameter of .75. Use ctrl-shift-a and select both circles and use vertical/horizontal aliment. Then made a circle with the width and height of 2. Copy that circle then subtracted 1/8 in on each side which makes the circle 1.75. And use path difference to make it one piece. I put the 2 tinier circles on the bigger circle. Then I drew a rectangle and use shift-ctrl-(-) to subtract the circle so I could make a semi-circle. Then I went to edit clone, reate tile clone.

Research

Reverse Engineering of Pr0ject Examples

Dancing Digits

Each cam has a motor behind itself to move it in a rotational motion. The cams are touching/engaging with the bolt to make the poles move in a linear motion. Which makes the numbers move up and down. This design wouldn't work without gravity because nothing else is pulling the objects down.

Ms.White's Kinetic Sculpture

From the drive shaft on the front layer, there are 3 gears that are connected. While on the bottom layer there are 2 gears that are connected. The two big gears that are on top of each other are moving in opposing directions of each other.

Prototype

IMG_236093123.MOV

My Functional Prototype

This is my functional prototype for our project. We were required to plan our project by using the items in the kit. We decided what motions and direction we wanted to use. I decided to use rotation direction.

IMG_89910571.MOV

My final Project

This here is my working final gearbox. It is run by using a hand crank. The bottom layer of my gearbox has 4 gears, on the other hand the top layer has 5 gears. The tiniest gear is the gear that moves in opposing directions. And the medium gear is the gear that moves on the top layer, but doesn't have a corresponding gear to the bottom layer. My driving gear is the gear which has the handle on top of it, and it is used to control the entire gear box.

Circuit that would control the gearbox

This is the layout of the circuit which will control the gearbox so it can move without touching it. The circuit uses a hobby motor which would control the gear box.

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