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FOUR PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMISSION
FOUR PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMISSION
EXIT
The virus has to leave the body of an infected person.
SURVIVABILITY
The virus must be in an environment conducive to survival. Temperature, moisture, air, and acidity are among the parameters considered,
SUFFICIENCY
There must be adequate levels of the virus present to induce infection.
ENTRY
The virus must infiltrate the bloodstream of another individual.
MECHANISMS OF INFECTION
MECHANISMS OF INFECTION
Information from Philippine National Aids Council (PNAC)
Vehicles of Transmission
Vehicles of Transmission
Semen
Vaginal Secretion
Breastmilk
Blood
Rectal Fluid
Modes of Transmission
Modes of Transmission
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse
HIV infected Mother to Child Transmission
Exposure to Infected blood
Entry of Infection
Entry of Infection
Lining of the vagina, rectum, opening of the urethra
Wounds or breaks in the skin
SYMPTOMS
SYMPTOMS
HIV manifests numerous symptoms. The symptoms will not be consistent across all individuals. It is contingent upon the individual and the stage of HIV at which they are. It is also important to emphasize that these symptoms may vary from person to person as it is dependent on one's immune system.
FOR ACUTE HIV
FOR ACUTE HIV
About two-thirds of people who get HIV will get sick with something like the flu within two to four weeks. When the body gets HIV, this is what it does naturally.
Fever & Chills
Night Sweats
Rash
Muscle aches
Sore Throat
Fatigue
Other Symptoms
Swollen lymph nodes
Mouth ulcers
FOR AIDS
FOR AIDS
All of these signs and symptoms can also be signs of other illnesses. A test is the only way to be sure that you don't have HIV. If you are HIV-positive, a doctor will be able to tell if it has moved to AIDS by looking at certain medical signs.
Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
Pneumonia
Extreme and unexplained tiredness
Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders
Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
Other Symptoms
Rapid weight loss
Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck
Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
Opportunistic infections (OIs) are illnesses that happen more often and are worse in people whose immune systems are weak, like people with HIV. A lot of OIs are thought to be diseases that define AIDS. That means that if a person with HIV has one of these diseases, they are diagnosed with AIDS, which is the worst stage of HIV infection, no matter how many CD4 cells they have.
A lot of different germs, like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, can cause OIs. These germs can spread through the air, body fluids, and food or water that has been tainted. When someone has HIV and their immune system is weak, they can make their health worse
References:Opportunistic infections. (n.d.). HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/other-related-health-issues/opportunistic-infections Symptoms of HIV. (2022, 15). HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/symptoms-of-hiv
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