Disclaimer: This handout is only meant as a guide. If we tried to cover all citations you might make, we’d have a book—which is exactly what the American Psychological Association (APA) publishes every couple of years. You should check the Purdue Online Writing Lab if you have any APA questions this guide does not answer

Formatting your citations: In making your list of works cited, begin each entry flush with the left margin; if the entry runs more than a line long, the next lines should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. On many word processors you can accomplish this by paragraph formatting for a "hanging indent." (Whichever you choose, be consistent throughout.) Also use double spacing for your entire list, both between and within entries.

Books

Book by a Single Author

• Last name, First initial. (YYYY). Title of book: Subtitle of book. City of Publication: Publisher.

• Bucks, B. (2003). How to get rich without trying. Effingham: Heart Press.

Book with Two Authors

• Last name, First initial., & Last name, First initial. (YYYY).  Title of book: Subtitle of book.  City of Publication: Publisher.

• Sawyer, T., & Finn, H. (1855). Raft construction made easy. Hannibal, MO: Mississippi Press.

Book with a Corporate Author

• Corporate Author. (YYYY). Title of book. City of Publication: Publisher.

• MidAmerica Motorworks.(1998). World of Corvettes. Effingham, IL: Kingery Press.

Book with an Editor

• Last name, First initial. (Ed.). (YYYY). Title of book. City of Publication: Publisher.

• Movin, M. (Ed.). (1963). How to rebuild your town. Dieterich: Maroon Press.

Articles

Article in a Weekly or Bi-Weekly Magazine

• Last name, First initial. (YYYY, Month DD). Title of article. Title of Magazine, volume, pp-pp.

• Nohren, B. (1998, October 15). Putting science to work.  Science Teacher Workshop, 130, 98-102.

Article from a Journal with Continuous Paging

• Last name, First initial. (YYYY). Title of article. Title of Magazine, Vol, pp-pp.

• Kocher, S. (2007). New ways to use old discipline. Administrator Digest, 12, 199-210.

 Article with No Author

• Title of article. (YYYY). Title of Magazine, Vol(Issue), pp-pp.

• How to paint the gymnasium in three easy steps. (2004). Trade Careers, 20(4), 51-54.

Article from a Daily Newspaper

• Last name, First initial. (YYYY, Month DD). Title of article.  Title of Newspaper, pp. sectionpage.

• Jackson, C. (2001, September 15). I survived teacher negotiations. The Dieterich Press, pp. A1, A3, A8-10.

Article in a Reference Source

• Last name, First initial. (YYYY). Title of article. Title of encyclopedia. (Vol. #, pp. #-#). City of Publication: Publisher.

• Pals, H. (2005). The art of solving the equation. Math encyclopedia. (Vol. 5, pp.22-30). Chicago: Algebra Press.

• Repking, R., & Wohltman, S. F. (Eds.). (2020). Osage Native Americans. In Dictionary of Native American tribes (pp. 8-51). Dallas, TX: ABC-CLIO.

Websites 

Websites

• Last Name, First Initial. (Date of publication). Title of web page: Subtitle of web page. Retrieved Month DD, YYYY, from Name of Publisher website: URL

• Dieterich High School. (2018). Dieterich Community Schools: Staff profile. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://www.dieterichschools.org/o/dieterich-community-schools/staff

• Earnest, N. (2008). Nikki's home page. Retrieved May 1, 2020, from http://www.njearnest.com

• Illinois Tourism Department. (2012). Tour Southern Illinois today. Retrieved from http://www.enjoyillinois.com

Articles Online

Article from an Online Reference Source

• Last name, First initial (if given). (YYYY). Article title. In Title of encyclopedia. Publisher. Retrieved Date, from URL.

• Griswold, C. & Griswold, E. (Eds.). (n.d.). Christmas. In The concise Oxford dictionary of holidays. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordholidayonline.com

• Roadrunner. (2019). World book. Retrieved September 24, 2020, from http://www.wobo.com/wb/article-88752.

Articles from online magazines, journals, and newspapers

These are journals, magazines, and newspapers that are published directly on the web. Articles obtained directly from the web site of a magazine, journal, or newspaper are cited differently than articles you find in article databases like EBSCO and Lexis-Nexis (which include articles from many different publications).

• Last name, First initial. (Pub. Date).  Title of article.  Magazine Title, volume, pp-pp. Retrieved from URL

• Helregel, G. (2005). How to handle an insane heifer. Cattleman Journal, 2, 120-127. Retrieved from http://www.cowsallthetime.com/handle/heifers.htm

• Zumbahlen, L. (2006). Growing up with your boss. Teacher Character Study, 9, 15-18. Retrieved from http://study.org/teachers/2000/zumbahlen.html

• Jansen, D. (2020). Paperwork handled. Organization 101. Retrieved from http://ejournal.com/2003/article/paper_organization.html

• Zerrusen, S. (2018, September 8). Painting by anything BUT numbers. Art 101. Retrieved from http://www.art101.com/covers/1101030908/xopener.html

• Burton, L. (2020, August 22). Adding math to your child’s diet. Math Gazette. Retrieved from http://wwwmathgazette.com/features/index/php?story_20030829_l_burton

• Huber, K. (2015, September 16). Class of 2025 sponsor named to Hall of Fame. Retrieved from http://www.dieterichschools.org/news/2015/09/huber_K

Other Electronic/Online Formats

Video or DVD

• Last name, First initial. (Producer), & Lastname, First initial. (Director). (YYYY). Title of film. [Motion Picture].  Country: Distributor.

• Kinkelaar, L. (Producer), & Arney, L., & Arney, B. (Directors). (2000). Learning Typing [Motion picture]. United States: Arney Pictures.

• Hetzer, T. (2003, May 26). Dewey decimal rap [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rv7Q-hbSsI&feature=zztop

Television Show

• Last name, First initial. (Producer). (YYYY, Month DD).  Title of show. [Television Broadcast].  City of publication: Distributor.

• Brickner, C. (Producer). (2012, April 4). Singing my heart out. [Television broadcast]. Champaign, IL: Carson Pirie Scott.

Other Traditional/Paper Formats

Work in an Anthology or Collection

• Last name, First initial. (YYYY). Title of article. In Editor’s First initial. Last name (Ed.), Title (pp. #-#). City of Publication: Publisher.

• Ohnesorge, D. (2001). One foot on the pedal. In J. White & J. Pritzker Jr. (Eds.), Keep the pedal to the metal: America’s kid drive (pp. 237-239). Chicago: Basic Books.

Personal Communication (interview, email, unpublished manuscript, letter, etc.)

Because they do not include "recoverable data," the APA prefers that you refer to personal communications in the body of your paper, rather than in your bibliography. For example, "In a recent interview with Lindsey Kinkelaar (personal communication, January 23, 2003), a high-level administration official, we were told that no one within the administration had been charged with any wrongdoing."

If you can't conveniently mention the person's name in the sentence, then include it in the parentheses. For example, "Despite many recent advances in wireless technology, engineers still know little about what makes some antennas work better than others" (M. Richars, personal communication, July 1, 1983). In general, you must fit the following information in one way or another:

First Initial Last Name (personal communication, date)

or

(First Initial Last Name, personal communication, date)

Brochure or Pamphlet

• Author. (YYYY). Title of document [Brochure or Pamphlet]. Place of Publication: Publisher.

• Maroons. (2003). Environmentally friendly classroom ideas [Pamphlet]. Dieterich, IL: Kingery Printing.

Disclaimer: This information is only meant as a guide. If we tried to cover all citations you might make, we’d have a book—which is exactly what the Modern Language Association (MLA) publishes every couple of years. You should check the Purdue Online Writing Lab if you have an MLA question that this guide doesn’t answer. 

Formatting your citations: In making your list of works cited, begin each entry flush with the left margin; if the entry runs more than a line long, the next lines should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. On many word processors you can accomplish this by paragraph formatting for a "hanging indent." (Whichever you choose, be consistent throughout.) Also use double spacing for your entire list, both between and within entries.

Books

Book by two authors

• Last name, First name Middle name, and First name Middle name Last name. Title of Book: Subtitle. City of Publication: Publisher, YYYY. Print.

• Bower, Deb, and Jenny Doan. Can You Speak Up Please?: Oral History Projects. Dieterich: Dieterich School Press, 2020. Print.

Book by a corporate author (a company, nonprofit, etc.)

• Corporate Author. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, YYYY. Print.

• Dieterich School Sportsbackers. Our Hall of Fame. Dieterich: Dieterich School Press, 2020. Print.

Book with an editor

• Last name, First name, ed. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, YYYY. Print.

• Benefiel, Teresa, ed. The Adventures of Writing Essays. Dieterich: Dieterich School Press, 2010. Print.

Work in an anthology

• Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Title of Book. Ed. Editor’s Firstname Lastname. City of Publication: Publisher, YYYY. pp-pp. Print.

• Helregel, Garrett. "The Cows in Our Pasture." History of Lone Pine Cattle Company. Ed. Teresa Benefiel. Newton: LP Cattle, 2005. 127-34. Print.

Articles

Article from a magazine

• Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine DD MONTH [abbreviate except for May, June, and July] YYYY: pp-pp. Print.

• Krumwiede, Josh M. "Coaching Winners." Basketball News 15 Oct. 2019: 120-22. Print.

Article from a journal

• Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal Vol.Issue# (YYYY): pp-pp. Print.

• Kreke, Ashley. "Trapped in Graduate School." Counselors Review 22.7 (2017): 6-17. Print.

• McMillan, Bryan. "To Run or Not to Run: Teens Discuss Cross Country Strategy." Journal of Running 22.5 (2018): 323-327. Print.

Signed article from a daily newspaper

• Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper DD Mon. YYYY, Edition: SectionPage+. Print.

• Richars, Mary. "Books: to Read or Not to Read." Dieterich Press 13 May 2012: B4. Print.

• Bloemer, Carie. "Dieterich Students Reading Rocks." Dieterich Press 20 Jan. 2010, evening ed., A1. Print.

Unsigned article from a daily newspaper

• "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper DD Mon. YYYY, Edition: Section Page. Print.

• "I’m Leaving My Money to the Dieterich Library." Dieterich Press 20 Jan. 2010, evening ed.: C5. Print.

• "Dieterich School Receives Chemistry Lab Grant." Dieterich Press 1 Jun. 2011, morning ed.: A1. Print.