Chemistry

Each unit below is taught for approximately five to twenty days.

SOL CH.1 The student will investigate and understand that experiments in which variables are measured, analyzed, and evaluated produce observations and verifiable data.

a) designated laboratory techniques;

b) safe use of chemicals and equipment;

c) proper response to emergency situations;

d) manipulation of multiple variables, using repeated trials;

e) accurate recording, organization, and analysis of data through repeated trials;

f) mathematical and procedural error analysis;

g) mathematical manipulations including SI units, scientific notation, linear equations, graphing, ratio and proportion, significant digits, and dimensional analysis;

h) use of appropriate technology including computers, graphing calculators, and probeware, for gathering data, communicating results, and using simulations to

model concepts;

i) construction and defense of a scientific viewpoint; and

j) the use of current applications to reinforce chemistry concepts.

k) Students will calculate percent error

l). Students will learn the rules of significant figures and apply them to rounding in mathematical operations.

m) Calculate percent error in individual lab measurements as well as averages.

n). Perform Calculations of Density by measuring Mass and Volume.

SOL CH.2 The student will investigate and understand that the placement of elements on the periodic table is a function of their atomic structure.

a) average atomic mass, mass number, and atomic number;

c) mass and charge characteristics of subatomic particles;

d) families or groups;

e) periods;

h) chemical and physical properties; and

i) historical and quantum models.

SOL CH.2 - The student will investigate and understand that the placement of elements on the periodic table is a function of their atomic structure. The periodic table is a tool used for the investigations of

b) isotopes

f) trends including atomic radii, electronegativity, shielding effect, and ionization energy;

g) electron configurations, valence electrons, and oxidation numbers;

SOL CH.3 - The student will investigate and understand how conservation of energy and matter is expressed in chemical formulas and balanced equations. Key concepts include

a) nomenclature;

c) writing formulas;

d) bonding types;

SOL CH.3 - The student will investigate and understand how conservation of energy and matter is expressed in chemical formulas and balanced equations. Key concepts include

d) bonding types

SOL CH.5 - The student will investigate and understand that the phases of matter are explained by kinetic theory and forces of attraction between particles. Key concepts include

a) pressure, temperature, and volume;

b) partial pressure and gas laws;

c) vapor pressure;

d) phase changes;

g) colligative properties.

SOL CH.3 - The student will investigate and understand how conservation of energy and matter is expressed in chemical formulas and balanced equations. Key concepts include

b) balancing chemical formulas

c) writing chemical formulas;

e) reaction types; and

SOL CH.4 - The student will investigate and understand that chemical quantities are based on molar relationships.

a) Avogadro’s principle and molar volume;

b) stoichiometric relationships;

SOL CH.5 - The student will investigate and understand that the phases of matter are explained by kinetic theory and forces of attraction between particles. Key concepts include

a) pressure, temperature, and volume;

b) partial pressure and gas laws;

SOL CH.3 - The student will investigate and understand how conservation of energy and matter is expressed in chemical formulas and balanced equations. Key concepts include

f) reaction rates, kinetics, and equilibrium.

SOL CH.5 - The student will investigate and understand that the phases of matter are explained by kinetic theory and forces of attraction between particles. Key concepts include

d) phase changes;

e) molar heats of fusion and vaporization;

f) specific heat capacity; and

SOL CH.3 - The student will investigate and understand how conservation of energy and matter is expressed in chemical formulas and balanced equations. Key concepts include

a) nomenclature;

b) balancing chemical formulas;

c) writing chemical formulas;

d) bonding types;

e) reaction types; and

f) reaction rates, kinetics, and equilibrium.

SOL CH.4 - The student will investigate and understand that chemical quantities are based on molar relationships. Key concepts include

a) Avogadro’s principle and molar volume;

b) stoichiometric relationships;

SOL CH.4 - The student will investigate and understand that chemical quantities are based on molar relationships. Key concepts include

a) Avogadro’s principle and molar volume;

b) stoichiometric relationships;

SOL CH.4 - The student will investigate and understand that chemical quantities are based on molar relationships. Key concepts include

a) Avogadro’s principle and molar volume;

b) stoichiometric relationships;

Organic Chemistry:

SOL CH.6 - The student will investigate and understand how basic chemical properties relate to organic chemistry and biochemistry. Key concepts include

a) unique properties of carbon that allow multi-carbon compounds; and

b) uses in pharmaceuticals and genetics, petrochemicals, plastics and foods.

Nuclear Chemistry:

SOL CH. 2 - The student will investigate and understand that the placement of elements on the periodic table is a function of their atomic structure. The periodic table is a tool used for the investigations of

b) isotopes, half lives, and radioactive decay;