We have developed a scalable liquid metal printing method for low-temperature large area  (> 100 cm^2) synthesis of quantum-confined 2D oxides for superlattice heterostructure TCOs and high mobility thin film transistors. This rapid (< 5 s) process can deposit high performance polycrystalline or amorphous metal oxide films requiring no further post-annealing.

[1]  A. Hamlin, Y. Ye, J. Huddy, M.S. Rahman, and W.J. Scheideler, "2D Transistors Rapidly Printed from the Crystalline Oxide Skin of Molten Indium," npj 2D Materials and Applications, 2022. DOI: 10.1038/s41699-022-00294-9 

[2] Y. Ye*, A.B. Hamlin*, J.E. Huddy, M.S. Rahman, and W.J. Scheideler, "Continuous Liquid Metal Printed 2D Transparent Conductive Oxide Superlattices," Adv. Func. Mater., June 2022. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202204235

[3]  A. Hamlin, Y. Ye, J. Huddy, M.S. Rahman, and W.J. Scheideler, "Heterojunction Transistors printed via Instantaneous Oxidation of Liquid Metals," Nano Letters, 2023. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04555

The next generation of microelectronics technology will expand functionality and areal density with 3D heterogeneous integration of IC's with power sources, sensors, magnetics, etc. We are developing new fabrication methods for 3D-printed electronic sensors.

[1] J.E. Huddy, M.S. Rahman, A. Hamlin, Y. Ye, and W.J. Scheideler, 'Transforming 3D-Printed Mesostructures into Multimodal Sensors with Nanoscale Conductive Oxides," Cell Rep. Phys. Sci., 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100786

[2] J.E. Huddy and W.J. Scheideler, "Protocol for deposition of conductive oxides onto 3D-printed materials for electronic device applications," STAR Protocols, Sept. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101523

[3]H. Zhao, J.E. Huddy, W.J. Scheideler, and Y. Li*, "Rational Design of 3D-Printed Metastructure-based Pressure Sensors," Adv. Eng. Mater., Oct, 2023. DOI: 10.1002/adem.202301056

[4] J.E. Huddy, A.P. Tiwari, H. Zhao, Y. Li, and W.J. Scheideler*, "Graph Theory Design of 3D Printed Conductive Lattice Electrodes," Adv. Mater. Tech., June. 2023. DOI: 10.1002/admt.202300180

[5] A.P. Tiwari, S.S. Panicker, J.E. Huddy, M.S. Rahman, K.R. Hixon, and W.J. Scheideler*, "Biocompatible 3D Printed MXene Microlattices for Tissue-Integrated Antibiotic Sensing" Adv. Mater. Tech., Dec, 2023. DOI: 10.1002/admt.202301517

[6] A.P. Tiwari, M.S. Rahman, and W.J. Scheideler, "3D Printed Microlattices of Transition Metal/Metal Oxides for Highly Stable and Efficient Water Splitting," Adv. Mater. Tech., April, 2024. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400160

Thin film metal halide perovskites offer unprecedented opportunities for low cost fabrication of high efficiency solar cells on flexible and rigid substrates. Our work leverages robust inorganic transport layers that reinforce the thermomechanical stability of perovskite devices and enable solar-driven wireless electronics for sensor networks.

[1] Huddy, J. E., Ye, Y., Scheideler, W. J., Eliminating the Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing Bottleneck via High-Speed Flexography. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2022, 2101282. DOI: 10.1002/admt.202101282 

[2] W.J. Scheideler, "Editorial: Solutions to Scaling and Reliability of Metal Halide Perovskites: Materials and Manufacturing Innovation at the Inflection Point of Solar Energy," Front. in Energy Res., 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2022.902746 

[3] J.E. Huddy and W.J. Scheideler, "Rapid 2D Patterning of High-Performance Perovskites Using Large Area Flexograph," Adv. Func. Mater., 2023. DOI: adfm.202306312

[4] M.I. Timofeev, V. Guarnieri, J.E. Huddy, and W.J. Scheideler, "Engineering Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient Wireless Power Transfer," Appl. Phys. Lett. Energy, Oct. 2023. DOI: 10.1063/5.0169827

Liquid metals provide a high performance stretchable conductor for powering wearable electronics. We focus on the high frequency characteristics of liquid metals and the opportunities these properties provide for mechanical sensing and wireless power transmission.

[1] M.S. Rahman, J.E. Huddy, A.B. Hamlin, and W.J. Scheideler*, "Broadband mechanoresponsive liquid metal sensors," npj Flex. Elect., Aug. 2022. DOI: 10.1038/s41528-022-00206-3 

[2] M.S. Rahman, S. Mellinger, J.E. Huddy, and W.J. Scheideler, "3D Printed Liquid Metal Litz Wire for Efficient Wireless Power Transmission," Proc. of the 2023 IEEE International Flexible and Printed Electronics Conference, August, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/FLEPS57599.2023.10220426

[3] M.S. Rahman, A.P. Tiwari, and W.J. Scheideler, "3D Woven Liquid Metals for Radio-Frequency Stretchable Circuits," Adv. Mater. Tech., April, 2024. DOI: 10.1002/admt.202400339