Embedded Files
RTI Decision Support Tool
If the student is struggling with:
Try this:
Phonological Awareness Skills
Word Awareness
Syllables
Onset/Rime - onset is initial phonological unit, rime is the string of letters that follow, typically a vowel and the rest of the letters after the vowel
Phonemic Awareness (listed below)
Use Heggerty to identify skill deficit
Practice tracking words in a sentence to develop word awareness
Practice counting, tapping, blending, and segmenting words into syllables
Double dose Heggerty (Individual or small group)
Bridge the Gap (2nd grade +)
Practice 1. recognizing rhymes 2. producing rhymes
Onset/Rime Activities - https://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/onset_rime
Rhyming Activities - https://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/rhyming_games
Picture Sorts with rhyming words
Practice blending, and segmenting words into onset/rime
Syllable Games - https://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/syllable_games
FCRR Center Activities - https://www.fcrr.org/student-center-activities (broken down by grade level and skill)
Phonemic Awareness Skills
Identification - identify and match sounds in word ( ex: point to the picture that begins with /s/)
Start with beginning sounds, then final, then middle
Isolation - ex: “what sound does mop start with” or “say the final sound in note”
Start with beginning sounds, then final, then middle
Blending - ex: “Listen to the sounds /s/-/i/-/t/. Say it fast. What word?”
Bridge the Gap (2nd grade +)
Equipped for Reading Success One Minute Activities
FCRR Center Activities - https://www.fcrr.org/student-center-activities (broken down by grade level and skill)
Picture Sorts (sort by initial sound, middle sound, or final sound)
Blending/Segmenting Games - https://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/blending_games
Sound chaining (sounds only, no print) - Watch example
Sound Ladder
Elkonin Boxes (Tap It, Map It, Zap It) - Sounds only, no print - https://www.readingrockets.org/classroom/classroom-strategies/elkonin-boxes
Letter Name Recognition or Identification
Use Alphabet Arcs
Picture sorts matching letters in different fonts
Have student practice touching letters as they name them, repeat until mastery - watch example & ABC chart
Letter-Sound Correspondence
Use Alphabet Arcs
Phoneme/Grapheme Mapping with Elkonin Boxes (tap it, map it, graph it, zap it) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdFyCfRGHgo
Match letter sounds to picture cards (initial, final, then medial sounds)
Example: Letter sound dominoesWord Sorts - sort pictures under letters based on initial sound, final sound or middle sound
Blending/Segmenting Words
Word Chaining - watch example
Phoneme/Grapheme Mapping with Elkonin Boxes (tap it, map it, graph it, zap it) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdFyCfRGHgo
More activities with Elkonin boxes here
Chaining/Sound box combination - watch example
FCRR Center Activities - https://www.fcrr.org/student-center-activities (broken down by grade level and skill)
Explicit instruction of six syllable types
Spelling
Orthographic Mapping - watch example
Explicit instruction of six syllable types
Syllabication instruction:
High Frequency Words
High Frequency Words
(Including tricky words)
Orthographic Mapping - watch example
Heart Words (including high frequency words and sight words)
https://www.reallygreatreading.com/heart-word-magic
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Make sure the definition presented is easy for students to understand, give students many opportunities to practice speaking, hearing, reading and writing the vocab words in different contexts, apply vocabulary instruction across all content areas
Morphology - understanding/analyzing meaningful parts of word - roots, prefixes and suffixes
Ex: Find the root, find the prefixes and suffixes, think about what each part means, combine the meanings of the parts, try using the word in a sentence
https://keystoliteracy.com/blog/using-morphology-to-teach- vocabulary/
Build background knowledge - provide rich oral language experiences, provide students with a variety of texts and discuss vocabulary words
Examples/Nonexamples - show picture or give scenario and student tells you if this is an example or nonexample of the vocab word
Use 4 squares graphic organizer - example
Work on synonyms and antonyms
Word Sort - sort vocabulary words by categories
Multisensory learning - have students illustrate or act out the words
Ask questions using targeted vocabulary words and allow students to have access to the meaning of the word to answer the questions
Fluency
Fluency
Work on (in order):
Accuracy
Rate
Expression
Letter Recognition > Letter-Sound > Correspondence > Words/Word Parts > Phrases > Connected Text
Repeated Reading - students read and reread text until a certain level of fluency is reached (usually about 4 times)
Model fluent reading/echo reading *focus on reading with proper expression
Choral Reading - First, read passages aloud to model fluent reading. Next, have students point to words as they read in unison.
Paired (Partner) Reading - Partners can echo read or one person can read a chunk and one person can pick up where they left off
Reader’s theater - http://www.teachingheart.net/readerstheater.htm
https://www.readinga-z.com/fluency/readers-theater-scripts/
FCRR Center Activities - https://www.fcrr.org/student-center-activities (broken down by grade level and skill)
UFLI has decodable passages by skillset: https://ufli.education.ufl.edu/foundations/toolbox/
Flyleaf Publishing has made all of their decodables free this year for use on the Smartboard or printable for homework: https://ufli.education.ufl.edu/foundations/toolbox/
Comprehension
Comprehension
At which level are students failing to comprehend?
Understanding individual words
Understanding a sentence
Understanding how a series of sentences is connected
Understanding the logical flow and meaning of the whole
Explicit instruction of 4 sentence types (statement, command, exclamation, question)
Sentence Anagrams
Comprehension monitoring - give students a stop sign (or some kind of signal) to raise when they are confused and need support
Story Arc Framework
Build background knowledge - provide rich oral language experiences, provide students with a variety of texts and discuss vocabulary words
Informational Text:
Use Informational Text Graphic Organizer
(different graphic organizers should be used for different purposes: web diagram for description, classification, process (time sequence), cause/effect, problem/solution, compare, contrast)Build background knowledge
Provide guiding questions for student to use during reading
Provide visuals
Helping Struggling Readers Access Complex Text
Helping Struggling Readers Access Complex Text
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