Different Taste, Same Space
By Amelia Johnson
By Amelia Johnson
Both Chester and Clara Congdon came from impoverished backgrounds and were raised by Methodist families. Because of their upbringings, they were taught to invest carefully. They thought through their purchases for the house well and only bought what they considered very high quality, showed traditions, or represented a specific artistic movement. Although they shared some similar experiences in their upbringings and values, both had their own unique interests as we all do. Exploring both the collections we can see at Glensheen, the Congdon’s retirement home in Duluth, and in the archives available in the University of Minnesota Duluth's Kathryn A. Martin Library, we are able to discover and take a deep dive into their fixations and their appreciation for one-of-a-kind, well-crafted artifacts.
Clara studied art at Syracuse University and there continued her classical art training as well as studied, in depth, the relationships between Gothic and Greek design elements and had an interest in all kinds of architecture. The photo on the left is a watercolor of the highly detailed gothic gateway at Porta de la Carta in Venice, Italy. Clara's knowledge of Gothic architecture and both her and Chester's time in Europe certainly lends her an appreciation for this piece of artwork. As Clara herself was an artist, and Chester was very much in love with this woman, she was trusted by him to make good design choices and therefore much of the art collection was decided by the both of them together–and she may have even been a bigger voice–not only Chester who would have been making the purchases. Clara even has one of her own paintings up in the library, right above the fireplace, making it one of the main focal points of the whole room and showing off her technical and classical painting skills that she acquired throughout childhood and her time at university.
The feel of the 2nd floor, the women's floor, is very bright and sophisticated compared to the rest of the house, not to say the rest of the house isn't gorgeous and well thought out. But on this floor there's lots of floral wallpaper and a much more feminine touch in each room, even Chester's room has a very pretty and delicate yellow wallpaper. Clara was a lucky lady with the only balcony access, and had a gorgeous view of the estate from her bedroom. This entire upper level almost feels like a sanctuary that reflects the softer side of the Congdon family’s tastes, revealing another layer of their personalities through the design choices made there.
Chester makes his infatuation with Japan and Japanese influence obvious when we are able to look at his lengthy postcard collection from the archives. This postcard collection contains images from a multitude of places across the world and shows they are indeed well-traveled, but it is clear that the accumulation of postcards from Japan outweighs others. Below are just a few pages from the photo album but there are several more that are not included here.
From the Glensheen Archives at Kathryn A Martin Library, Box 32 F21
Japanese postcards
Acquired by Chester from Japan in 1914, The Waterfall of Mino by Naraga Yozo is not a painting, but a silk embroidery. This work highlights the Congdon's selective nature in making purchases, as this embroidery shows very high quality work as well as Japanese tradition. It speaks to Chester’s fascination with intricate craftsmanship and his appreciation for the level of patience and skill that went into such a piece.
Chester was also a bit of a feminist, or a lot of a feminist. He, too, studied at Syracuse University and there wrote his senior thesis on the educational rights of women. Possibly a bit of a stretch to feminism on my part–but I like to think not–is the Congdon's purchases of several items from the Minneapolis Handcraft Guild, a women’s-based company. In Glensheen are two gorgeous light fixtures from the guild, one in the breakfast room which marries Japanese and Arts and Crafts styles, and one in the smoking room. I had not put much thought into the waterlilies light fixture before, but as I discovered the Japanese elements throughout some of the house, I wondered if the light fixture also assisted the Japanese elements to shine through. I found that the flowers made out of metal have a striking resemblance to the Nuphar japonica, which is a water lily native to Japan. Whether this was an intentional connection or not, I do not know, but either way it is a very beautiful detail in the room and an interesting tie into Japanese culture.
Both the smoking room and the breakfast room containing the light fixtures I mentioned above also highlight a Japanese wood technique called Jin Di Sugi: a technique that historically takes soaking cypress wood for hundreds of years. While the technique used to create the look of the wood in the breakfast room and the smoking room was a faster, adapted version created by famous interior designer John Bradstreet. It still has the Japanese feel that the designer was certainly trying to achieve. This technique brings out the wood grain much more clearly, creating a beautiful finish. Both rooms combine Japanese and Arts and Crafts aesthetics in a harmonious way, combining wooden panels and Japanese techniques with these crafted light fixtures, tiles, and connections to nature. The overall effect creates a look that reflects the Congdon’s desire to show off their worldly experience into their home while still maintaining a unified aesthetic.
The End
Chester and Clara's upbringings taught them to be careful and thoughtful investors. While both Clara and Chester have their own individual fascinations that are quite different from each other, the eclectic yet selective nature of their home decor allows their choices to work together in harmony and create a space that shows who they are and how they want to present themselves–well traveled, careful investors acquiring artifacts from around the world and supporting more local artists and businesses. Their home becomes not only a place for their family, but also a combination of the values, interests, and curiosities that they grew to love.
Bibliography
Amundsen, Lucie B. 2018. “The Beloved Breakfast Room.” The Glensheen Collection (blog). September 19, 2018. https://glensheen.org/blog/the-beloved-breakfast-room/.
Glensheen Mansion. 2018. Lookbook_May2018. Duluth, MN: Glensheen Mansion. https://glensheen.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lookbook_May2018.pdf.
Glensheen Mansion. 2025. “Smoking Den Highlights.” Glensheen Mansion. Accessed December 10, 2025. https://glensheen.org/smoking-den-highlights/.
Webb, Jennifer D. 2009. “Golden Age Collecting in America’s Middle West: Chester and Clara Congdon’s Glensheen Historical Manor and Raymond Wyer’s An Art Museum.” Journal of the History of Collections 21 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhp034.