Describes the details of the data gathering employing the research tools described earlier. The description of procedures should describe in detail all steps which were executed in conducting the study. The description should include: (1) the manner in which the sample was selected and the groups formed; (2) how and when pretest data were collected; (3) the ways in which the groups were different (the independent variable, or treatment); (4) aspects of the study that were the same or similar for all groups; and (5) how and when posttest data were collected. If a test was administered strictly for selection-of-subjects purposes, that is, not as a pretest of the dependent variable, it too should be described.