Click on the images to access teacher videos.
Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 200–400 C.E. Excavated tufa and fresco.
Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 422–432 C.E. Brick and stone, wooden roof.
Early Byzantine Europe. Early sixth century C.E. Illuminated manuscript (pigments on vellum).
Ravenna, Italy. Early Byzantine Europe. c. 526–547 C.E. Brick, marble, and stone veneer; mosaic.
Constantinople (Istanbul). Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. 532–537 C.E. Brick and ceramic elements with stone and mosaic veneer. (3 images)
Early Byzantine Europe. Sixth or early seventh century C.E. Encaustic on wood.
Early medieval Europe. Mid-sixth century C.E. Silver gilt worked in filigree, with inlays of garnets and other stones.
Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe. c. 700 C.E. Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigments, and gold on vellum).
Conques, France. Romanesque Europe. Church: c. 1050–1130 C.E.; Reliquary of Saint Foy: ninth century C.E., with later additions. Stone (architecture); stone and paint (tympanum); gold, silver, gemstones, and enamel over wood (reliquary).
Romanesque Europe (English or Norman). c. 1066–1080 C.E. Embroidery on linen.
Chartres, France. Gothic Europe. Original construction c. 1145–1155 C.E.; reconstructed c. 1194–1220 C.E. Limestone, stained glass.
Gothic Europe. c. 1226–1234 C.E. Illuminated manuscript (ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum).
Late medieval Europe. c. 1300–1325 C.E. Painted wood.
Late medieval Spain. c. 1320 C.E. Illuminated manuscript (pigments on vellum).
Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islamic. Pre-Islamic monument; rededicated by Muhammad in 631–632 C.E.; multiple renovations. Granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped thread.
Jerusalem, Palestine. Islamic, Umayyad. 691–692 C.E., with multiple renovations. Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome.
Isfahan, Iran. Islamic, Persian: Seljuk, Il-Khanid, Timurid and Safavid Dynasties. c. 700 C.E.; additions and restorations in the 14th, 18th, and 20th centuries C.E. Stone, brick, wood, plaster, and glazed ceramic tile.
Arab, North Africa, or Near East. Abbasid. c. eighth to ninth century C.E. Ink, color, and gold on parchment.
Córdoba, Spain. Umayyad. Begun c. 785–786 C.E. Stone masonry.
Umayyad. c. 968 C.E. Ivory.
Granada, Spain. Nasrid Dynasty. 1354–1391 C.E. Whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding.
Muhammad ibn al-Zain. c. 1320–1340 C.E. Brass inlaid with gold and silver.
Islamic; Persian, Il’Khanid. c. 1330–1340 C.E. Ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper.
Sultan Muhammad. c. 1522–1525 C.E. Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper.
Maqsud of Kashan. 1539–1540 C.E. Silk and wool.
Edirne, Turkey. Sinan (architect). 1568–1575 C.E. Brick and stone.