Hello AP Environmental Science students,
Your AP exam will be 8 a.m. on Friday, May 15. You will be in the Library. PLEASE CHECK IN THERE AT 7:45 A.M., or as soon as you get through the school’s outside doors, and I’ll direct you.
You are taking an online test, which means you will be testing out of the Bluebook app on your school Chromebook. Make sure you know how to log into your College Board account in order to test.
Please bring
1. Your CHARGED SCHOOL CHROMEBOOK. If you forget or there’s an issue, you can borrow one.
2. Pens or pencils
DO NOT BRING
1. Electronic devices whatsoever such as phones
2. Mechanical pencils or other writing tools such as markers
3. Scratch paper. I will give you some
4. Food or drinks are for breaks only outside of the testing room.
5. Head coverings: Hats, brimmed caps. No hoodies pulled over your head.
6. No ear plug, buds, phones.
If your AP class exam is digital and uses their Chromebook or their own device:
1. Please open Bluebook and make sure it opens and functions.
2. Please fully charge your Chromebook before the exam.
3. Please do a complete reboot before you take the exam.
If your Bluebook does not open or update let me know!
69.2 percent of students passed with a 3 or higher. Mean score was 3.6.
12.6 percent = 5 (extremely well qualified)
27.8 percent = 4 (well qualified)
28.8 percent = 3 (qualified)
15 percent = 2 (possibly qualified)
15.9 percent = 1 (no recommendation)
Highest scoring unit was Unit 6; Energy Resources and Consumption
Most challenging unit was Unit 1; Ecosystems
Free Response Question (FRQ) Performance: Q1 (Designing an Investigation) was generally the best differentiator for score-setting.
ESTIMATED 2025 APES Score Thresholds:
Score range to earn a 5 = 71 to 100 percent
Score range to earn a 4 = 56 to 70 percent
Score range to earn a 3 = 46 to 55 percent
Score range to earn a 2 = 34 to 45 percent
Score range to ear a 1 = 0 to 33 percent
APES Exam = 2 hours and 40 minutes
1st 90 minutes of 80 multiple choice questions worth 60 percent of the score.
Break = 10 to 15 minutes
2nd 70 minutes of 3 free response questions worth 40 percent of the score.
Question 1 = Design an Investigation
Question 2 = Analyze an Environmental Problem and Propose a Solution
Question 3 = Analyze an Environmental Problem and Propose a Solution Using Calculations
Ted Stevens (AK) & Warren Magnuson (WA) spearheaded a Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA) primarily governing marine fisheries in U.S. waters.
-set science based catch limits on depleted stocks
-established management councils
-provides essential protected fish habitat (EFH)
-maintains a 200 mile from US shore economic exclusion zone to foreign fishing
Review Concepts for Unit 4
-Igneous rock can make large grained nutrient rich soils
-Sedimentary rock can make, sandy, sily, or clay rich soils
-Lithification
-Metamorphic rock Examples can make clay rich soils
-Trade Winds driven by Hadley Cells, tropical east to west winds, 0 to 30 degrees latitude n to s carry lots of water
-Gyre currents created by the Coriolis effect and wind patterns, their centers can accumulate debris/garbage
-Lake Snow Effect
-Albedo
-Ocean Conveyor Belt a global deep water ocean system , driven by water density , distributes warm and cold water
-Deposition acid rain
-Conservation Reserve Program started 1985, pays farmers to take eroding land out of production for 10 to 15 yrs
-Floodplain low-lying land next to a river, provides rich sediment, high biodiversity, and flood management
-The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a periodic climate pattern in the tropical Pacific Ocean that significantly influences global atmospheric circulation, temperature, and precipitation.
-El Nino/ENSO is a 2-7 year cyclic reversal of Pacific currents, weak easterly trade winds allow warm water to move eastward stops nutrient upwelling off S. America reducing ocean productivity. Significant shifts in precipitation patterns causing warmer and drier winters in the north and wetter winters in the south. Normal Ocean Current Patterns El Nino Ocean Patterns.
-La Nina the opposite of El Nino. Cooler and wetter northern winters and drier winters in the south.
-Solar Radiation/Solar Insolation. Insolation (incoming solar radiation) is the amount of solar energy reaching a specific surface area over a given time, typically measured in KWh/m2/day . It represents the power from the sun that penetrates the atmosphere, directly impacting weather, climate, and solar power generation, peaking at the equator and varying with Earth's tilt
-Sun's rotation
Math Equations Sheet Metrics Sheet Math Practice
Ocean Warming & Acidification Notes
Time to work on the Unit 9 Study Guide. Hardcopies handed out in class.
HOMEWORK: EITHER review the slideshows on Climate Change and Ocean Warming & Acidification OR watch the AP Classroom associated videos. Slideshow links below:
Ozone Depletion & Climate Change (starts on slide # 16)
Then answer the APC associated questions shown below:
1974. Frank Sherwood Roland and Mario Molina discovered the impacts of CFCs on the ozone layer.
hese findings led to the Montreal Protocol which bans ozone depleting chemicals.
Charles Keeling started measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in 1958 at Hawaii's Mauna Loa volcano and discovered the seasonal fluctuations of carbon dioxide, as well as, the overall upward trend in atmopheric concentration. This has been cited at the important environmental data set of the 20th century.
Infectious diseases are propogated by environmental factors and organism behaviors.
Review Terms:
Anthropogenic = human caused
Exterpation = gone from an certain area that they used to occupy but not extinct
Endemic = native and restricted to a certain place
Bottleneck = a population almost goes extinct but a few survive therefore narrowing the gene pool of future populations.
Climax community = the stage of succession when a stable, relatively unchanging ecosystem is established
Natural Selection = when nature selects which organisms survive and reproduce according to their traits
Ecosystem Resiliance = the ability of an ecosystem to return to it's original structure after a disturbance.
Ecosystem Stability = the ability of an ecosystem to withstand disruption.
Endangered Species Act 1973 = A primary federal law that protects imperiled species and their habitats. Administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Wetlands, Mangroves, Thermal, Eutrophication, POPs, Bioaccumulation
Collect radish seed data and calculate % mortality for each treatment. See below:
Number of ungerminated seeds (divided by) number of total seeds in the dish X 100.
HOMEWORK: Radish Seed Analysis upload to Canvas. Due Friday, April 8th.
Also, complete the 8.14 and 8.15 APC videos and assignments shown below.
1972 Clean Water Act. Response to incidence like the Cuyahoga river catching fire at least 13 times!
OIl gets in the down of seabirds and they lose their thermal insulation.
People used to joke that they could tell what paint color was being produced on a particular day by looking at the color of the Cuyahoga river.
Dishwashing is used to remove oil from feathers and fur.
1974 Safe Water Drinking Act.
66+ industrial organic chemicals and toxic metals in New Orleans drinking water.
OIl gets in the insulating fluffy undercoat of sea mammals with fur.
Review Terms Visual #1 Visual #2 Visual 3 Visual 4 Visual 5 Visual 6 Visual 7 Visual 8
Oxygen Sag Curve Hand out. Pacific Northwest Species for Sag Curve
HOMEWORK: Complete the LD50 handout. Due Monday, April 6th.
Also, complete the APC videos and assignments shown below. Due next Wednesday, April 8th. Upload a screenshot(s) as evidence of your work.
Oxygen Sag Curve, above, shows what happens to dissolved oxygen at the a point pollution source like wastewater.
Notice in the Sag Curve biological oxygen deman increases sharply then decreases. What is causing this?
APES Exam Structure = 80 multiple choice and 3 free response questions
Visual Review Unit 1 Unit 1 Terms
ED 50 vs TD 50 vs LD 50
Homework: Complete the AP Classroom tasks show below and upload a screenshot to Canvas.
HOMEWORK: Complete the APC videos and questions shown below. Take a screenshot of your works and upload to Canvas. The Human Impacts on Ecosystems question is an FRQ and you have scoring access. Please do so. Due Friday, March 20th.
Thanks, in advance, for your hospitality towards Ms. Daly. Since juniors will be absent today and the Air Pollution Exam is scheduled for tomorrow, today is designated as a study day. Please use the time to use the study information posted towards the bottom of the Day 66 post. This includes the practice exam, Kahoot, study guides with keys, and AP Classroom assignments. If you want more study materials here's a copy of a chapter on this unit in a study book, a visual representation of outdoor air pollution, and a visual representation of indoor air pollution (CSD Access). Also, remember that you will be asked to develop an experiment that examines some aspect of air pollution, like we practiced last time we met. Make sure that you understand the components of following:
Scientific Question
Hypothesis
Controls
Dependent and Independent Variables
Factors or variables that can be manipulated to change the outcome of an experiment.
Breakdown of Ozone by chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons.
Peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANS)
-Ozone -Sulfur Dioxide -Particulate Matter -Carbon Monoxide -Nitrogen Oxide and Dioxide (NOx) -Lead
-catalytic -crush coal with limestone -fluidized bed combustion -dry & wet scrubbers
-electrostatic precipitators -baghouse shaker
What are they?
Above are required "criteria" pollutants.
CO2 ppm is currently at 429 ppm. Pre-industrial 1850 -1900) was 280 ppm.
Why might this be bad?
SO2 NOx CO CO2 O3 PM10, PM2.5 Pb Hg
APC HOMEWORK to be posted
References prefixes and scientific notation.
Hanford, Washington Nuclear Site
-Established 1943
-Part of the Manhattan Project
-Trinity Test and Nagasaki bomb
-Most toxic site in US
-56 million gallons of waste
-Underground containment
-Groundwater near Columbia leaks
-Site is officially closed, but small a private commercial nuclear plant operates on Hanford premises.
-Estimated 640+ billion $ to clean up Hanford by 2086.
Columbia generating station on the Hanford site supplies power to Bonneville Power Administration.
Other projects like turning nuclear waste into glass and solar options are explored at Hanford today.
Kill-a-Watt Meter allows us to calculate measure energy used by common household appliances
Unit 6 Energy Math (a key is included in the link) try the problems then check the key.
HOMEWORK: Complete all work not completed in class.
Complete the Unit 6 Study Guide up to and including topic 6.7 Energy from Biomass. Show M. Hee next time we meet.
Complete the APC 6.5, 6.6, and 6.7 videos and questions shown below. Take a screenshot that includes your name and upload to Canvas when complete.
Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy
Distribution of Energy & Fuel Types
HOMEWORK:
Global Energy Consumption Worksheet
Land for Wind & Solar Article and Questions
Try to complete the first 3 1/2 pages of the Unit 6 Study Guide. I will check in with you next time we meet.
Next time we meet please have a calculator that you will use on the AP Exam.
Then Renewable Revolution-Pioneering the Energy Transition Film Questions
Exams Back
HOMEWORK: Complete the videos and questions in APC shown below.
Unit 5 Exam; Land and Water Use
HOMEWORK: Complete the AP Classroom Unit 6 Videos and Questions on Resources and Global Energy Consumption shown below:
HOMEWORK: Study for the exam scheduled for Friday, February 6th.
HOMEWORK: Complete the Web Quest above (due Wednesday) and the review questions shown below in AP classroom (due Thursday).
They study guide below is optional but will help with overall preparation:
Unit 5 In-depth Study Guide CSD Access Key (CSD)
Jordan Dischinger-Smedes Environmental Science Unit 5 Review. This is helpful for organizing the many subtopics in Unit 5.
Salinization &
Concentrated
Animal
Feeding
Operations
Julia Butterly Hill lived in a 1,000 year old redwood tree for 738 days (1997 to 1999) to prevent Pacific Lumber Company from cutting it down.
SUSTAINABLE HARVESTING TECHNIQUES SHOW TO THE RIGHT.Shelterwood logging leaves trees as shelter for seedlings, seed tree logging leaves trees to provide seeds for new growth, selection cut logging selects specific chosen trees.
Please welcome Ms. Sydney Arndorfer who will be helping out in my absence. I appreciate your kindness and cooperation.
Today is a research day for the Land & Water Use Topics and Problems Posterboard. Conduct research today and compile a facts and resource list with information and sources. This should be a common document that all of you can access. Make sure that everyone in your group submits the list to Canvas by the end of the period. Note, all AP classroom videos have been assigned but not due until the end of the semester (January 23rd). Your group should view the video related to your topic and can use it as one of your references.
Groups and topics are listed below:
-Topics 5.2 Clear cutting & 5.17 Sustainable Forestry (Addy, Ava, Niana, Ashley)
-Topics 5.4 Impact of Agricultural Practices & 5.15 Sustainable Agriculture (Noah, Garrett, Ben, Matthias)
-Topic 5.5 Irrigation Methods (Paul , CJ, Jamison)
-Topics 5.6 Pest Control Methods & 5.14 Integrated Pest Management (Clara, Navelle, Linnea, Acacia)
-Topic 5.7 Meat Production Methods
-Topics 5.8 Impacts of Overfishing & 5.16 Aquiculture (Emily, Shino, Lior, Ray, Kezie)
-Topic 5.9 Impacts of Mining (Maya, Vibhav, Ingrid, Patrick)
-Topics 5.10 Impacts of Urbanization & 5.13 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff (Tessa, Holly, Laura, Christa)
HOMEWORK: Complete the video and questions on Topic 5.1. Tragedy of the Commons.
-Watershed Divide -Tributary -River -Flood Plain -Factors that Influence the Flow of Water
Person 1: Make one with no special features
Person 2: Make one with a plant buffer along slopes
Person 3: Make one with side angle wind and rain
Person 4: Make one extra steep or flat
Video 1 - Differential Heating
Video 2 - The Three Cells
Video 3 - The Coriolis Effect and Winds
-water holding capacity
-permeability
-porosity
White Board Share-out Topics:
-Layers of Earth (slides 4 )
-Convection Currents (slides 5 and 6)
-Crusts and Tectonic Plate Boundaries (slides 7 and 8)
-Divergent Plate Boundaries (10 through 12)
-Convergent Plate Boundaries/three types (14 through 18)
-Transform Plate Boundaries and Earthquakes (19 through 22)
-Tsunamis and Hot Spots (25 through 28)
Collect and Water Process Soil
HOMEWORK: View AP Classroom Videos 4.3 1&2 (these are required) and answer the questions in the 4.3 Soil Composition and Properties Quiz.
Welcome back to school. I hope that you had a fantastic break! Please support Ms. Taylor as she helps out in my absence. I hope to be back later this week and am looking forward to see you soon! -M. Hee
Phase 5 is called Declining Population or Negative Growth
Tonight is a supermoon because it is when the full moon happens to be closest to the earth this year.
This full moon is also called a Beaver Moon because it is an active time for damn building and the supermoon makes it easier to see the beavers in action.
Single Large or Several Small
Fly Away Home
True Migration Story
Adaptations
How can the following interfere with the ecosystem services ?
Wildlife Corridors Connect Islands
Ecological Tolerance is a Range
See visual to the right.
Biomes/Ecosystems Resiliency
Make a slideshow that includes the following:
-Slide 1: should have a picture of the biome or ecosystem.
-Slide 2: should include a map that shows the location of this biome or ecosystem.
-Slide 3 should answer the question "Does this biome or ecosystem have habitat diversity? Why or why not?"
-Slide 4: Give an example of an organism that has gone through a genetic bottleneck in this area.
Include a picture and explanation.
-Slide 5: Present one generalist and one specialist carnivore from this ecosystem that might be competitors. Include pictures and explanations.
-Slide 6: Present one generalist and one specialist herbivore from this ecosystem.
Include pictures and explanations.
-Slide 7: Include one generalist and one specialist autotroph from this area. Include pictures and explanations.
-Slide 8: Address which organisms are best suited to survive disruption to this area. Explain why.
-Slide 9: References.
-Slide 10: Group members names and assigned tasks.
Suggested Biomes/Ecosystems Shown Below:
Savannah
Tropical Rainforest
Tundra
Shrub steppe
Coral Reef
Kelp Forest
Temperate Rainforest
What is the ratio of carbon dioxide reactants to oxygen products?
What happens to biomass as you move up the energy pyramid?
Alkalinity (see above) is a measure of bicarbonate ions. These keep pH consistent.
Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic, & Eutrophic
Time A
Time B
Practicing the skill of visual representation.
Can you estimate times A and B on the growth curves?
Unit 1. The Living World: Ecosystems
Introduction to Ecosystems and Terrestrial Biomes Slideshow
Predator Prey Simulation (next time use small lined graph paper and weight the lynx with a penny)
Book Check Out
Homework: Complete the 1.1 Topic Questions in AP Classroom. There are 3 multiple choice questions. The assigned topic videos are optional.
Limiting Factors/Limiting Resources......overshoot or dying off....density dependent vs independent limiting factors...
Population Math Another Population Math
You need to memorize the population math formulas.
18. Calculate the percentage growth rate for a country with a population of 5 million which has 100,000 births, 70,000 deaths, 30,000 immigrants, and 50,000 emigrants.
19. If a country has a growth rate of 1%, how many years will it take for the population to double? (Use the rule of 70)
20. If a city’s population doubles in 20 years, what is the growth rate?
21. Would this be a country in Subsaharan Africa or Europe?
22. A city of 20,000 has a growth rate of 7%. How many years would it take to reach 60,000? (Hint: use the rule of 70)
Renewable and Non renewable/Global Energy
How Much Energy Would it Take Worksheet
Read the article, then respond to each of the questions below. Submit your work to Canvas when you are done.
How much will we need to increase wind and solar power to achieve the Biden administration’s goal of generating 80 percent zero-carbon electricity by 2030 and 100 percent by 2035?
According to NREL, how much land will be needed to meet zero-carbon electricity goals?
Why is less land needed for solar and wind energy?
The total land needed to achieve our goals is equivalent to what area?
Looking at the diagram: what are the three biggest current land use categories?
Review How Much Land ...? assignment
"Less land is needed for solar and wind energy because only about 2% of the total area will be occupied by wind infrastructure while the rest will be available for other uses such as agriculture and grazing."
"Only 2% of the total area within a wind farm is occupied by wind infrastructure, so the remaining 98% of the land is available for agriculture, grazing, and other uses. Installing solar panels on rooftops doesn't take up any land that isn't already used."
"A key reason why a relatively small amount of land is needed is because only 2 percent of the total area within a wind farm is occupied by wind infrastructure, while the remaining 98 percent is available for agriculture, grazing or other uses. Offshore wind turbines also have a relatively small footprint and are able to use much larger turbines than land-based projects. Rooftop solar deployment, meanwhile, doesn’t require any land."
Killawatt
Actual Exam (include a problem that requires justification)
https://smv.org/documents/49/Whats_in_the_Air_ENG_SPAN.pdf
https://quizlet.com/595530217/ap-environmental-science-case-studies-flash-cards/
Introduction to Air Pollution
Monday Math Problem
White Board Drawing
Check Pilot Study
Exams Back
HOMEWORK: View the videos and complete the related questions associated with the videos shown below. Take a screenshot of your quiz results and upload to Canvas. Make sure that your name is shown in the picture. Note, the videos are optional but highly recommended.
ED 50 vs TD 50 vs LD 50
Homework: Complete the AP Classroom tasks show below and upload a screenshot to Canvas.