Independence

Overview

In 1954, Sihanouk's government became the recognized authority in Cambodia after the Geneva Conference. This prevented the Viet Minh from gaining influence in Cambodia. Despite Sihanouk's role in gaining Cambodia's independence, opposition grew due to his increasing authoritarianism.

In 1955, Sihanouk abdicated in favor of his father and formed the Sangkum Reastr Niyum, a political movement. Members were not allowed to join other parties, drawing support away from the Democrats. The Sangkum won all seats in the 1955 elections, solidifying Sihanouk's dominance until 1970.

As prime minister, Sihanouk tightly controlled political life. In 1963, Saloth Sar, who later led the Khmer Rouge, fled to the border, building the organization. Sihanouk, once revered, faced opposition in the late 1960s. He saw Thailand and South Vietnam as threats, broke ties with the U.S. in 1965, and aligned with Vietnamese communists, compromising his neutral stance.

Internal politics post-1965 were complex. The 1966 elections brought members not indebted to Sihanouk, causing tension. Sihanouk lost support among the elite for his foreign policy and conservatives' opposition. A 1967 rebellion heightened his concerns, leading to severe measures.

By 1969, Sihanouk's control weakened, and conflicts with communist guerrillas increased. Some ministers, led by Prince Sirik Matak and General Lon Nol, plotted to depose him due to his loss of credibility with radicals and failed foreign policy.