Did you know...

• Earned a Bachelor of Science in biochemistry and a PhD in physiology and pharmacology from the University of California at San Diego.

• The Human Genome Project began in the 1900s and was finished in 2003.

• He is the founder of The Institute for Genomic Research.

• He and his teams started to decode the genome of the first free-living organism.

• Dr. Venter started Celera Genomics in 1998 to sequence the human genome using new technologies and methods developed by him and his team.

• He and his team have sequenced the genomes of fruit flies, mice, and rats.

Posted by: Vanessa Turner

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• After his hometown was engulfed in flames, Otto von Guericke began trialing water pumps for firefighters in the 1640s.

• By using a barometer, Guericke realized that air pressure was not consistent, and used his air pump to measure these changes and create weather predictions.

• Guericke invented the first electric generator in 1663 by applying friction against a rotating ball of sulfur.

• Guericke wrote Experimenta nova, which covered his research on his experiments with air pressure.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

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• Joule published multiple works in papers, including research into electric currents and ways to measure heat.

• Joule's experimentation led to the formation of Joule's Law- heat generated through electrical wires is proportional to P=I²R

• Lectures were led by Joule at the Royal Victoria Gallery, where he began to publically speculate on energy convertibility in 1843.

• In 1850, Joule became a fellow of the Royal Society (independent science academy to benefit humanity), and recieved the Royal Medal (1852) and Copley Medal (1870) after joining.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

Did you know...

• Issac Newton has two birthdays. Isaac Newton was born on the 4th of January 1643 in line with today’s calendar. However, back in the 17th century when Newton was alive they lived by a different calendar. This was called the Gregorian calendar and Newton’s birthday is actually different on this calendar.

• Issac was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author, but he was mainly recognized as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists and among the most influential scientists of all time.

• Newton is known for the theory of universal gravitation, the nature of white light, and calculus

• Issac almost gave up on his education. Newton loved school his favorite subject was chemistry. However, at the young age of 12, his mother made him leave school and work on their family farm.

Posted by: Alyssa Costantino

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• Hans Is a 16th-century Dutch eyeglass maker and Inventor from Middleburg

• Historians believe he was the inventor of the first telescope and is also sometimes credited with the invention of the compound microscope

• His earliest instrument was simply two lenses held in place so that an observer could look through them at distant objects. He called it a "looker" (in Dutch, that would be "kijker"). Its invention immediately led to the development of spyglasses and other magnifying devices. It was the first known version of what we know today as a "refracting" telescope

• Lippershey trained as an optician in Middleburg, Zeeland (Netherlands)

Posted by, Alyssa Costantino

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• He was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor

• Huygens Is considered to be one of the greatest scientists of all time and a major figure in the scientific revolution

• Christiaan founded the wave theory of light, discovered the true shape of the rings of Saturn, created the pendulum clock, and made original contributions to the science of dynamics

• His argument of light is the Idea that light is made up of waves vibrating up and down perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation

• The pendulum clock he created reduced the loss of time by clocks from about 15 minutes to about 15 seconds per day

Posted by: Alyssa Costantino

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• C. V. Raman was born on November 7th, 1888

• He died on November 21st, 1970

• He got his BA in 1904 from the University of Madras & his MA in 1907 from the University of Madras

• He is most known for his work in light scattering

• Raman won the Nobel Prize in physics for the Raman effect

• He was the director of IISc and founded Indian Academy of Science & Raman Research Institute

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Louis Pasteur was born on December 27th, 1822

• He died on September 28th, 1895

• Louis was born in Dole, France

• He was considered one of the founders of bacteriology & the Father of Microbiology

• Louis was the founder of Pasteur Institute in Paris

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Niels Bohr was born on October 7, 1885

• He died on November 18, 1962

• Niels was best known for his work with atomic structure & quantum theory

• He established Niels Bohr Institute

• The element Bohrium is named after Niels Bohr

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833

• He died on December 10, 1896

• Alfred Nobel invented dynamite

• He was fluent in several languages & loved to travel

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Dmitri Mendeleev was born on February 8, 1834

• He died on February 2, 1907

• Dmitri Mendeleev is most known for inventing his own Periodic Table that changed the field of Chemistry

• He also assisted in developing the first oil refinery in Russia

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Ernest Rutherford was born on August 30, 1871

• He died on October 19, 1937

• Ernest is remembered as the Father of Nuclear Physics

• He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908

  • He won for discovering radioactive half-life and of radon, and his differentiation of alpha and beta radiation

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Edwin Powell Hubble was born on November 20, 1889

• He died on September 28, 1953

• Edwin Powell Hubble is most known for his work with galaxies and extragalactic astronomy

• He failed to get the Nobel Prize, because during his time the Nobel Committee did not recognize astronomy as valid science

• The Hubble Telescope is named after Edwin Powell Hubble

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Heinrich Hertz was born on February 22, 1857

• He died on January 1, 1894

• Heinrich most remembered for proving the existence of electromagnetic waves with evidence

• He has been honored around the world in places like Russia, Germany, & Japan

• In 1930 Hertz (Hz) became the SI unit for frequency

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Fritz Haber was born on December 9, 1868

• He died on January 29, 1934

• Fritz received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the Haber-Bosch process

• He is known as the Father of Chemical Warfare

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Ludwig Boltzmann was born on February 20, 1844

• He died on September 5, 1906

• Ludwig played a key role in the development of statistical mechanics

• He suffered from Bipolar disorder and died by suicide

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• William Ramsay was born on October 2, 1852

• He died on July 23, 1916

• William Ramsay revolutionized science with his discovery of noble gases

• He was knighted for his achievements

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Louis Agassiz was born on May 28, 1807

• He died on December 14, 1873

• Louis founded the Museum of Comparative Zoology at the Lawrence Scientific School

• He went to school in Switzerland and migrated to the USA

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• George Washington Carver was born in 1864

• He died on January 5, 1943

• George Washington Carver is most known for promoting other crops that could replace cotton

• He won a lot of awards, one being the Spingarn Medal

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

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• Jagadish Chandra Bose was born November 30, 1858

• He died on November 23, 1937

• Jagadish Chandra Bose was most known for his research on how animals and plants react to external stimuli

• He founded Bose Institute

Posted by: Kaitlyn Sennett-Heims

Posted by: Alyssa Costantino

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• Du Châtelet wrote Institutions de physique, a physics textbook that featured her own ideas and thoughts about the current physics ideas that were happening in France at the time.

• Du Châtelet translated, edited, and annotated some works from the famous scientist Isaac Newton.

• Du Châtelet worked together with the philosopher Voltaire to debate the physical phenomena faced in their home based laboratory.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

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• Borelli was an Italian physicists who was the first to explain muscular movement and various other body functions using laws of dynamics and statics.

• He is known as the "father of biomechanics"

• Borelli passed away in 1679, before his big work about animal movement, De motu animalium, was published.

• Borelli started by focusing on the simplist motor system elements, then worked up to more complicated organ systems, and ended with the organism's movement as a whole.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

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• Jonas Salk was an American virologist and medical researcher for polio disease.

• Mr. Salk became a hero overnight when he announced he invented a vaccine for polio.

• Before his vaccine, polio was a devastating viral disease that had become an epidemic, each year, thousands of children and adults died from the disease or were left paralyzed.

• Positive results from an extensive test trial of the new vaccine were announced April 12, 1955, exactly 10 years after President Franklin D. Roosevelt's death, one of the most famous polio victims.

• People celebrated the vaccine all around the world and Salk became a beloved scientist!

Posted by: Jayla Johnson

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• James Chadwick was a British physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize for his dicovery of the neutron.

• He succeeded in the first artificial nuclear transformation.

• Chadwick's findings were pivotal to the discovery of nuclear fission and ultimately, the development of the atomic bomb.

• He received many honors and rewards throughout his later years.

Posted by: Jayla Johnson

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• Walter Lincoln Hawkins was an American chemist and engineer, known as a pioneer of polymer chemistry.

• He is best known for inventing plastic coating for the telephone wires that made universal service possible.

• He received a National Medal of Technology and was an inductee of the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

• He became the first African American scientist on staff when he accepted a postition to work at AT&T's Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey.

Posted by: Jayla Johnson

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• Charles Glover Barkla was a British physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize in physics 1917 for his work in x-ray spectroscopy and related areas in the study of x-rays.

• His contributions proved to be useful in the study of atomic structures, thus, demonstrating that X-rays are tanverse waves like other electromagnetic radiations, such as light.

• He became a professor of Natural Philosophy and held the position until his death.

Posted by: Jayla Johnson

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• Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist, and engineer who is credited with patenting the first telephone.

• He co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company 1885.

• He became a teacher for deaf children; this career -path was inspired by his father who also taught the deaf and his mother who was deaf.

• He worked on numerous other inventions such as flying machines and hydrofoils.

• His middle names, Graham, was added when he was 10 years old.

Posted by: Jayla Johnson

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• Masters was a colonist who lived in Philadelphia

• Sybilla was the first English colonist to earn a royal patent (under her husband's name)

• Masters invented the corn gin, which made a grain similar to the one in grits

• Sybilla also invented something which wove materials together to make hats, bonnets, and furniture faster!

Posted by: Abby Jankowski

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• Garrett Morgan blazed a trail for African American inventors with his patents, including those for a hair-straightening product, a breathing device, a revamped sewing machine, and an improved traffic signal.

• He only had an elementary school education.

• In 1923, he created a new kind of traffic signal, one with a warning light to alert drivers that they would need to stop, the yellow light.

• He quickly acquired patents for his traffic signal but eventually sold the rights to General Electric for $40,000.

Posted by: Jayla Johnson

Did you know...

• Otis Boykin was an inventor and engineer.

• His most famous invention was a control unit for the pacemaker.

• Another noteworthy invention of his was the wire precision resistor.

• When Boykin died in 1982, he had 26 patents in his name.

• While attending Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, he worked at an aerospace laboratory in Nashville as a laboratory assistant, testing automatic controls for aircraft.

Posted by: Jayla Johnson

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• Dr. Percy Julian was an African American chemist whose research led to the chemical synthesis of drugs to treat glaucoma and arthritis.

• His father was a former slave, yet both parents were both college educated.

• He was on of the first African Americans to receive a Ph.D in chemistry.

• In 1975, Percy L. Julian High School was opened on the south side of Chicago, Illinois in his honor.

Posted by: Jayla Johnson

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• Ayrton was the first woman to be nominated to be a fellow of the Royal Society

• She figured out that electric arcs tended to hiss and sputter before delivering a consistent light through experimentation with an electric arc.

• In 1889, Ayton wrote and presented a paper on her findings of the electric arc to the Institute of Electrical Engineers, then becoming the first woman member of the IEE.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

Did you know:

• Galileo was known as "Father" of Observational Astronomy

• He invented the Thermoscope. Which is a device that measure tempetaure

• He is known for being the "father" of the scientific method

• He popularizied the telescope

• He invented an improved military compass

Posted by: Miracle Deavers

Did you know...

• Aristotle looked into a wide range of topics, from general issues like motion, causation, place, and time to systematic explorations and explanations of natural phenomena across various types of natural entities.

• He created the field of formal logic, as well as identifying and investigating the various scientific disciplines.

• Physics contains Aristotle's account of motion and its place in nature.

• First studied medicine before going to Plato's' academy.

• He established his own school in a gymnasium known as the Lyceum.

• Aristotle loved biology and he was one of the first people to try to classify animals in different groups.

• Aristotle is important to learn about because we still use his techniques today.

Posted by: Vanessa Turner

Did you know...

• Lived from 1920-1958, passed away when she was only 38 years old

• Franklin was part of the discovery of DNA but the credit was given to Crick and Watson

• Franklin had shared her work with Crick and Watson as they went to accept the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of DNA

• 20 years after her death, Franklin started getting the recognition she deserved

Posted by: Shannon Kelley

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• Lived from 1910 - 1995

• Won a Nobel Prize in 1983 after waiting 73 years for recognition

• Awarded a Government of India scholarship to go to Cambridge

• Created the Chandrasekhar limit, which is the concept that above a certain mass, electron degeneracy pressure in the core of a white dwarf star is not enough tp counterbalance the gravitational self-attraction of the star

Posted by: Shannon Kelley

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• Lived from 1896-1978

• She was denied credit for her achievements twice throughout her life as a scientist

• Ida had predicted an element with atomic number 43 that she called masurium

• Ida was unable to estract masurium to prove it was an element, but had evidence that it was there

• She was frustrated with her attempts to confirm her ideas on nuclear fission

Posted by: Shannon Kelley

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• Lived from 1912-1997

• Was nicknamed 'the First Lady of Physics'

• She was a Chinese-American experimental physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project

• Lee and Yang went to win the Nobel Prize in 1957 for their theory, leaving Wu behind

• Wu became an advocate for gender equality in her profession

Posted by: Shannon Kelley

Did you know...

• Lived from 1861-1912

• She was a secondary school teacher who decided to go back to school and complete her BA, then MA, then a PhD in genetics

• She did a study of mealworm beetles and realized females mealworms had 20 chromosomes while male mealworms had 19 chromosomes

• Discovered the link between the number of chromosomes determines if a sperm is male or female

• Edmund Beecher Wilson was her colleague and was credited for the discovery after seeing Stevens' results

Posted by: Shannon Kelley

Did you know...

• Lived from 1856-1940

• He was a Britich physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics

• Credited with the discovery of the elecrton which was the first subatomic particle to be discovered

• He also began to develop the theory of electromagnetism

Posted by: Shannon Kelley

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• Lived from 1789-1854

• Was a physicist and mathematition

• As a school teacher, he began his research with the new electrochemical cell

• he discovered the law that states current flow through a conductor is directly proportional to the potentional differece and inversely proportional to the resistance

Posted by: Shannon Kelley

Did you know...

• Lived from 1745-1827

• He was an Italian physicist and chemist

• He improved the electrophorus, a decive used to generate static electricity

• The volt, a sunit of the electromotive force that drives current, was named after him

Posted by: Shannon Kelley

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• Lived from 1901-1954

• He was an Italian physicist and the creater of the world's first nuclear reactor

• He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" and the "architect of the atomic bomb"

• He was one of very few physicists to excel in both theoretical physics and experimental physics

Posted by: Shannon Kelley

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• Rey is most well-known for her new understanding of atomic collisions, used to create the most accurate atomic clock.

• Her form of study works with ultra-cold atoms, trapped icons, and molecules in order to use in quantum simulators.

• She won the Blavatnik Award in 2019 as a faculty member of University of Colorado-Boulder.

• Rey's doctoral thesis- Ultracold boson atoms loaded in optical lattices- was given the Best Doctoral AMO Thesis Award in 2005, along with being recognized by the Americal Physical Society.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

Did you know...

• Katherine finished high school when she was 15 years old and had graduated with a double major in French and math by 18

• Katherine worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and was a key player in the space race

• We likely would not have gotten anyone to the moon when we did if it were not for Katherine's computational skills

• Katherine retired from NASA in 1986, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015, and NASA named its new computing facility after her in 2017.

• Katherine died in 2020. She was 101.

Posted by: Abby Jankowski

Did you know...

• Raman attended Presidency College in Madras, India, where he won a gold metal and first place in physics for his B.A. examination.

• Raman founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926, and wrote various memoirs.

• He is known for his work in light, inventing the Raman Effect (phenomena with scattering of light).

• He won the Nobel Prize or Physics in 1930 and the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

Did you know...

• Marsden worked with Ernest Rutherford and his work on radioactive decay, becoming his research assistant in 1912.

• He became a member of the Royal Engineers in 1917, a group of physicists that was formed to use the scientific method to locate enemy guns during wartime.

• With Rutherford's prior assistant Hans Geiger, Marsden conducted the gold foil experiment (bombarded gold atoms with large and fast-moving alpha particles) in 1909.

• Marsden was elected President of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1947.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

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• Mercier was one of the first scientists to combine physics with her Maori heritage, creating short films about physics concepts in both te reo Maori and English.

• She spent 8 years studing physics at the Victoria University of Wellington, and 2 years teaching science to students.

• Ocean developed a model that highlights the connections between the knowledge/science of western and indiginous communities.

Posted by Emma Graczyk

Did you know...

• Imes was the second African American to earn a Ph.D. in physics, being the first in the 20th century.

• Imes struggled to be taken seriously in the scientific community due to his race, going to Fisk University (a historically black university).

• He conducted the first high-precision experiments that verified that the rotational and vibrational energy level of molecules are quantized.

• Imes got direct evidence that shows the different isotopes influences on molecule spectra.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

• Philoponus was born in c. 490AD, and was one of the first people to question Aristotle's flawed physics.

• Philoponus said that after objects are launched, it keeps moving as a force is acting on it that was caused by the thrower. This was cited by Galileo when his research was started.

• Philoponus believed that the planets moved for the same reason that things on Earth did- a force was acting on it.

• He was one of the first people to believe that the existence of a vacuum is possible in the universe.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

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• Avempace built off of the work of John Piloponus, who foreshadowed the First Law of Motion and stated that force was the connection between time and motion.

• Avempace's research led him to determine that velocity is determined by the motive power subtracted by material resistance- the same definition as Galileo's velocity definition.

• He was the first to state that there is always a reaction force for every force exerted, foreshading Newton's Third Law of Motion.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

Did you know...

• Thomas Bradwardine studied bodies in uniform ratios of speed and motion, writing his findings in De proportionibus velocitatum in motibus.

• Bradwardine claimed that a mathematical increase in velocity corresponds with a geometric increase in the ratio of force and resistence.

• Bradwardine's focus was on applying mathematics on natural physics.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

Did you know...

• Lee was the author of more than 100 research papers on elementary particle physics.

• His findings are believed to be fundamentally important to understanding the world's view of forces on elementary particles.

• Lee was the head of the physics department of Fermi National Laboratory, along with a professor at the University of Chicago.

• Lee came to the US from Korea as a student, earning his bachelors degree from Miami University of Ohio in 1956.

Posted by: Emma Graczyk

• 1753-1814

• He is known for testing insulative properties of materials.

• His goal was to find a material soldiers could wear in the cold.

• How he tested this was by placing a thermometer into a glass bulb, along with the material he was testing. He would then dip it in boiling water and ice cold water.

• Thompson concluded that the material's ability to trap air inside it contributed to its insulative qualities.

• He eventually developed underwear with enhanced thermal protection.

Posted by: Vanessa Turner

• Louis was 12 when he created braille and 20 when he published the first completed system.

• Louis was not always blind! He lost his vision due to an accident with an awl.

• A local priest taught Louis how to use his other senses to learn because he still wanted an education.

• Louis Braille died of tuberculosis at age 43.

• Braille was not widely accepted until long after his death.

Posted by: Abby Jankowski

• William F. House invented cochlear implants, which can help restore any of the five senses.

• House was criticized most of his career.

• Many of his colleagues did not believe his idea would work.

• One of William's patients was astronaut Alan B. Shepard

Posted by: Abby Jankowski

• Archimedes was a Greek philosopher

• He was alive in 3rd century BC

• He was a mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily

• He created the idea of simple machines lever, pulley, and screw after discovering the advantage of the lever.

Posted by: Abby Jankowski

• Brunel was an English Civil Engineer.

• Isambard is considered one of the most ingenious and prolific figures in engineering history.

• Brunel built dockyards, the Great Western Railway (GWR), a series of steamships, the first propeller-driven transatlantic steamship, and many more.

• His designs revolutionized public transport and modern engineering.

• His designs were not always successful but they almost always included solutions to long-standing engineering problems!

Posted by: Abby Jankowski

Did you know...

• 1544-1603

• Founded the study of magnetism

• Gilbert discovered that our planet has two magnetic poles; Established that the earth behaves like a giant magnet.

• He inferred that magnetism in everyday magnets is created by an organized form of the material the magnet is made of.

• Created the world’s first electroscope to detect electric charge

Posted by: Vanessa Turner