Paint types and differences

Main Components of House Paint

1. Pigments

   • Provide the color and opacity (how well it covers).

   • Two types:

     • Prime pigments (like titanium dioxide) give strong color and hiding power.

     • Extender pigments (like clay, silica, or calcium carbonate) improve texture, durability, and cost efficiency.

2. Binders (Resins)

   • The “glue” that holds the paint together and sticks it to the surface.

   • Common types: Acrylic, vinyl, latex, alkyd (oil-based), polyurethane, epoxy.

   • Determines paint quality, durability, and if it’s water-based or oil-based.

3. Solvents (or Carriers)

   • Keep the paint liquid in the can and make it spreadable.

   • Evaporate as the paint dries, leaving behind pigment + binder.

   • Water-based (latex paint) uses water as the solvent.

   • Oil-based paint uses mineral spirits, turpentine, or other hydrocarbons.

4. Additives

   • Small amounts of chemicals that improve performance. Examples:

     • Mildewcides – resist mold/mildew growth

     • Thickeners – adjust consistency

     • Flow agents – help paint level out smoothly

     • UV stabilizers – prevent fading from sunlight