098071610.pdf098071610_1.pdf 
Increase of non-vaccine human papillomavirus types in a group of HPV-vaccinated Mexican women. Evidence of Pathogenic Strain ReplacementHigh risk HPV infection is the etiological factor of Cervical Cancer (CC) and other types of cancer of epithelial origin. HPV 16 and 18 infections are associated with 70% of CC worldwide. At the present time, there is a vaccine that prevents this infections. In Mexico, the HPV vaccine was introduced in 2009. Even if the current vaccine is effective, some models indicate a possible scenario of Vaccine-induced Pathogen Strain Replacement (VPSR). In this report, we performed the molecular detection of HPV in a group of HPV-vaccinated Mexican women to explore a putative scenario of VPSR. We used biological samples from women who went for their routine Pap. The study included eighteen women older than 18 years of age and HPV-vaccinated. As the number of cases analyzed is relatively small, we supplemented the study with an agent-based direct computer simulation. The outcome of the numerical experiments and the analyzed cases complement each other and show that in three different scenarios, there is an increase in HPV cases approx 10 years after vaccination of the first cohort of women. The prevalence of non-vaccine HPV types increases when compared to prevalence of vaccine HPV types. This result could be interpreted as the phenomenon of Vaccine-induced Pathogenic Strain Replacement.
### Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
### Funding Statement
Raul Peralta wishes to thank PRODEP-SEP 6986 for the support. This work was partially supported by UNAM-PAPIIT grant IN108318.
### Author Declarations
I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.
Yes
The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:
This study was approved by the Local Research Committee of University Health Center of the Morelos State University (UAEM).
All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.
Yes
I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).
Yes
I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.
Yes
All data is publicly available
<https://github.com/acb100cias/HPV>
Team Assembly Mechanisms and the Knowledge Produced in the Mexico’s National Institute of Geriatrics: A Network Analysis and Agent-Based Modeling ApproachMexico’s National Institute of Geriatrics (INGER) is the national research center of reference for matters related to human aging. INGER scientists perform basic, clinical, and demographic research which may imply different scientific cultures working together in the same specialized institution. In this paper, by a combination of text mining, coauthorship network analysis, and agent-based modeling, we analyzed and modeled the team assembly practices and the structure of the knowledge produced by scientists from INGER. Our results showed a weak connection between basic and clinical research and the emergence of a highly connected academic leadership. Importantly, basic and clinical-demographic researchers exhibited different team assembly strategies: basic researchers tended to form larger teams mainly with external collaborators, while clinical and demographic researchers formed smaller teams that very often incorporated internal (INGER) collaborators. We showed how these two different ways to form research teams impacted the organization of knowledge produced at INGER. Following these observations, we modeled, via agent-based modeling, the coexistence of different scientific cultures (basic and clinical research) exhibiting different team assembly strategies in the same institution. Three virtual experiments were run in our agent-based model. The three experiments kept similar values to the collaborating dynamics of INGER in terms of average team size and probabilities of choosing incumbents and external collaborators. The only difference among these experiments was the value of homophily defined as the trend to collaborate with research studies from the same field (14% corresponding to the 46% and 79%). The main result of these experiments is that by modulating just one variable (homophily), we could successfully reproduce the current situation of INGER (homophily of 79%) and simulate alternative scenarios in which interdisciplinary (46%) and transdisciplinary (14%) research could be done.
