The ability to identify, isolate and manipulate individual phonemes in spoken words.
Did you know??? A phoneme is the smallest unit of speech! That includes the sound for singular letters (ie. /h/ or /t/) but also the sound for digraphs (ie. /sh/, /th/), vowel teams (ie. /ea/, /oo/) and other speech patterns!
Strong readers are able to manipulate phonemes with fluency and automaticity!
The relationship between the sounds we hear and the letters that represent them.
Did you know??? Understanding sound-letter relationships, provides readers the ability to decode both familiar and unfamiliar words. This understanding is crucial for word level fluency.
Strong readers use phonic concepts to read words accurately!
Fluency is the ability to read words with appropriate speed, accuracy and proper expression.
Did you know??? Once students can decode, they can build words into their sight word memory to store for accurate and effortless recognition. This is called orthographic mapping!
Fluent readers, read with automaticity without struggling to decode each word.
The words students need to recognize and understand when reading. Vocabulary is crucial to ensuring reading comprehension, as well as verbal and auditory fluency.
Did you know??? There are 3 tiers of vocabulary... Tier 1: Basic words used in everyday conversation, Tier 2: Complex contextual words that often require direct instruction, Tier 3: Genre, subject or domain specific words.
Strong reading comprehension is reliant on knowing 98% of the words in a text.
Comprehension is a complex process that allows a reader to understand and interpret what is being read.
Did you know??? There are FIVE types of comprehension! Lexical, Literal, Interpretive, Applied and Affective.
Comprehension is the ultimate goal of reading, however, without proficiency in the other pillars, strong comprehension is difficult to achieve.