Malcolm Gladwell thinks so. The 10 000-hours concept can be traced back to a 1993 paper written by Anders Ericsson, a Professor at the University of Colorado, called The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance.
It highlighted the work of a group of psychologists in Berlin, who had studied the practice habits of violin students in childhood, adolescence and adulthood.
All had begun playing at roughly five years of age with similar practice times. However, at age eight, practice times began to diverge. By age 20, the elite performers had averaged more than 10 000 hours of practice each, while the less-able performers had only done 4 000 hours of practice or less.
It is Malcolm Gladwell's hugely popular book, Outliers, that is largely responsible for introducing "the 10 000-hour rule" to a wider audience. Gladwell explains that reaching the 10 000-Hour Rule, which he considers the key to success in any field, is simply a matter of practising a specific task that can be accomplished with 20 hours of work a week for 10 years.
But Ericsson was not pleased. He wrote a rebuttal paper in 2012, called The Danger of Delegating Education to Journalists.
"The 10 000-hour rule was introduced by Malcolm Gladwell, who stated that 'Researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: 10 000 hours.' 10 000 was an average, and that many of the best musicians in his study had accumulated "substantially fewer" hours of practice. He underlined, also, that the quality of the practice was important. "In contrast, Gladwell does not even mention the concept of deliberate practice," Ericsson writes.
Gladwell counters that Ericsson doesn't really think that talent exists. "When he disagrees with the way I interpreted his work, it's because I disagree with him," he says.
One man who decided to test it is Dan McLaughlin, a former commercial photographer from Portland, Oregon.
"The idea came in 2009. I was visiting my brother and we decided to play a par three, nine-hole course," he says. "I had never really been on a golf course and went out and shot a 57, which is horrible. It's 30 over par on an easy nine-hole course."
Far from being discouraged by his apparent lack of any natural talent for golf, Dan and his brother started talking about what it would take to become a professional golfer. Dan soon decided he wanted to try.
"I began the plan in April 2010 and I basically putted from one foot and slowly worked away from the hole," he says.
"Eighteen months into it I hit my first driver and now it's approaching four years and I'm about half way. So I'm 5 000 hours into the project. My current handicap is right at a 4.1 and the goal is to get down to a plus handicap [below zero] where I have the skill set to compete in a legitimate PGA tour event." (2014)
In short, no he didn't. His aim was to reach a golf handicap of 2 or less, but the best he reached was 2.6 in January 2014, and in the end, in January 2015, was back up to 5.5. Dan has quit the plan and started Portland Soda Works with his neighbour, Chris Onstad.
Was the experiment a success? I suppose it is determined by what you consider to be success. Taking your handicap down to 2.6 is an incredible achievement and is far greater than his original 57. He never did make the PGA Tour but he did come close to having the skill level to qualify. He never became an elite level performer but I suppose it could be argued that truly elite level performers in life have a little bit of talent in their fields to begin with.
What do you think?
Take a look at this article to see how the 10 000 hour theory has been debunked.
Deliberate Practice
Deliberate practice is often guided by an expert, skilled coach, or mentor.
Age
The age at which someone gets involved in an activity seems to play a role - start young.
Genetics
Genetics play a role as well. There is some innate ability necessary to become a master in a field.
Natural Talent
Talent dictates your moment-by-moment reactions to your environment -- there's an instinctiveness, an immediacy implied.
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