AMSCO - Units must be read. There will be periodic reading quizzes. All quizzes are taken in AP Classroom and are timed.
Units 5 and 6 are below.
Purchase Your Own Book https://www.perfectionlearning.com/high-school/high-school-social-stud/advanced-placement-social-studies/advanced-placement-world-history-modern-r7424-g.html
Below are the College Board CEDs We use them every week in class and serve as notes.
Read
Annotate
Use for projects and assignments
Study
CRE_WorldHistory_Unit5.pdf
Every time period, unit, lessons, and projects are taught by THEMES. Themes are extremely important in AP World as this is how the questions are asked on the College Board exam.
Must Know Themes: political, economic, social, technology, and environmental.
The College Board rewrites their learning objectives into WRITING PROPMTS for the DBQs, LEQs, and SAQs.
You MUST be able to answer ALL of the learning objectives.
WorldHistory_Unit6.pdf5.1 The Enlightenment
AMSCO-5.1.pdf
A. Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Women
The main ideas are centered on women's oppression, education reform, societal viewpoints and change, the ideal family and marriage, and morality and virtue in society.
British philosopher and women's rights advocate Mary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy.
B. Olympia de Gouge's Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen
De Gouges relied on Enlightenment ideals of universal human rights to support her argument for women's political participation.
It is modeled on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789. Olympe de Gouges dedicated the text to Marie Antoinette, whom de Gouges described as "the most detested" of women.
What are the main points of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen?
Olympe de Gouges specifically stated that men and women should have equal rights under the law, and she encouraged women to stand up for their rights in her "Declaration." These rights included shared wealth in marriages, fair inheritances, and government participation. Olympe de Gouges believed that a woman was born free and therefore she should remain equal to man, in rights. There should not be any disparity between both the sexes.
De Gouges was executed in 1793.
Seneca Falls Conference (1848) organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
Originally known as the Woman's Rights Convention, the Seneca Falls Convention fought for the social, civil and religious rights of women. The meeting was held from July 19 to 20, 1848 at the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, New York.
Sexual equality in society at large – including a woman's right to vote.
French Revolution - What was the Bastille and what did it symbolize?
The Bastille, a symbol of oppression, was a large medieval fortress that functioned as a prison in Paris in 1789. The fortress was demolished and its stone fragments were sold in the markets. It had become a symbol of all that the French resented about their country and their government:
corruption in the nobility,
a tyrannical monarchy, and
huge class inequality.
5.2 Nationalism and Revolutions
POLITICAL - 5.2 Explain causes and effects of the various revolutions in the period 1750-1900. "Evaluate the extent to which"
AMSCO-5.2.pdfThe Spanish government, preoccupied with its own internal issues, showed little interest in implementing substantial reforms in the Philippines, despite the propagandists' appeals.
The Propaganda Movement was largely led by the educated elite ("Ilustrados") who communicated primarily through publications like "La Solidaridad," which did not effectively reach the broader Filipino population.
The British Crown and colonial government were the primary actors taking land from the Maori people.
The Māori Wars, also known as the New Zealand Wars, were a series of conflicts in the 19th century between Māori tribes and British and colonial forces. The wars were fought over land, with the British wanting to open the land to European settlers, and the Māori wanting to keep it.
Throughout the history of Puerto Rico, its inhabitants have initiated several movements to gain independence for the island, first from the Spanish Empire between 1493 and 1898 and since then from the United States.
Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens but cannot vote for the U.S. president and have only a non-voting delegate in Congress.
Unification was seen as a way to strengthen Italy’s economy, boost trade, and modernize infrastructure.
A unified Italy could better develop railways, industry, and agriculture, compared to a divided peninsula with inconsistent policies.
French Revolution
The French Revolution _ Who were the Jacobins?
The Jacobins were left-wing revolutionaries who aimed to end the reign of King Louis XVI and establish a French republic in which political authority came from the people. The Jacobins were the most famous and radical political faction involved in the French Revolution.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (FRANCE)
Penned by the Marquis de Lafayette with the help of Thomas Jefferson, this draft of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was written and presented to the French National Assembly on July 11, 1789, just three days prior to the Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 where Lafayette himself helped to save Louis XVI as well as Marie Antoinette as head of the national guard of Paris. The final version of the Declaration was written by Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès and the Compte du Mirabeau. It was incorporated into the French Constitution in 1791. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen helped to form the foundation of the French Revolution, in hopes of ending the monarchy and establishing a democracy in France.
Lafayette's Draft of a Declaration of Rights
Nature made men free and equal; the distinctions between them are based on general utility.
Every man is born with inalienable rights; such are [the right of property, the care [of his honor and] of his life, the entire disposition of his person, of his industry, of all his faculties, the search for well-being and resistance to oppression.
The exercise of natural rights has no limits except those which ensure the same rights to society.
No man can be worried neither for his religion, nor for his opinions, nor for the communication of his thoughts by the word; writing or printing, unless it has disturbed the peace of the Citizens by Calumnies.
No man can be subject except to Laws agreed by him or his representatives previously promulgated and legally applied.
The Principle of all sovereignty resides imprescriptibly in the nation.
All government has as its sole goal the common good; Legislative, executive and judicial powers must be distinct and defined: no body and no individual can have an Authority which does not expressly emanate from the Nation.
Legislative power must be exercised essentially by deputies chosen from all the districts by free, regular and frequent elections.
The executive power being exercised by the King, whose person is sacred, all his individual or collective agents are accountable and responsible to the nation whatever authorization they have received.
The Judicial Power must be confined to the application of the Law; the procedure must be public and the distribution of justice easy and impartial.
The Laws must be clear, precise, and uniform for all Citizens.
Subsidies must be freely fixed and proportionally distributed.
And as the progress of enlightenment, the introduction of abuses and the rights of successive generations require the revision of any human establishment, constitutional means must be indicated which ensure in certain cases an extraordinary convocation of representatives whose sole purpose is to 'examine and modify, if necessary, the form of government.
Latin American Revolutions
Who were the Maroons?
Formerly enslaved Africans who fled to remote mountainous areas were called marron (French) or mawon (Haitian Creole), meaning 'escaped slave'. The maroons formed close-knit communities that practised small-scale agriculture and hunting. They were known to return to plantations to free family members and friends.
The Spanish called these free slaves "Maroons," a word derived from "Cimarron," which means "fierce" or "unruly." In Jamaica, the Maroons occupied a mountainous region known as the "Cockpit," creating crude fortresses and a culture derived from African and European traditions.
The Maroons. During the eighteenth century, the Maroons of Jamaica evolved into formidable opponents for the English planters who occupied the island during that period. The original Maroons were the descendants of a band of run away Spanish slaves who had taken refuge in the mountainous interior of the island.
Simon Bolivar's "Letter to Jamaica"
Bolivar's Letter from Jamaica - WITH Qs (1).pdf5.3 Industrial Revolution Begins
Theme: Environmental Learning Objective
5.3 Explain how environmental factors contributed to industrialization from 1750 to 1900.
AMSCO-5.3.pdf
5.4 Industrialization Spreads
Theme: Technological Learning Objective
5.4 Explain how different modes and locations of production have developed and changed over time.
Industrial Revolution began in Britain
Britain industrialized, then Belgium, France, Germany, and eventually Russia and Japan.
AMSCO-5.4.pdfDecline of Middle Eastern and Asian share in global manufacturing
Why did shipbuilding in India and Southeast Asia suffer - decline?
In India and Southeast Asia, shipbuilding had a rich history deeply rooted in traditional practices. Skilled craftsmen employed indigenous techniques, constructing various types of vessels tailored to the diverse maritime needs of the regions. Wooden shipbuilding, using materials like teak, was predominant, reflecting the craftsmanship that had been passed down through generations.
Indian shipbuilding ultimately suffered as a result of British officials' mismanagement of resources and ineffective leadership during the period of British colonization in the late 17th and 18th centuries.
But with the onset of invasions and colonisation, the merchant and military navies faded into oblivion. The decline in trade brought with it a downscaling in the domestic shipbuilding industry, which began to pick up slowly only post-independence.
The introduction of iron and later steel, advancements in propulsion technologies, and the adoption of European-style ship designs marked a departure from purely traditional methods.
Iron Works in India - why did it suffer?
British colonial rule in India affected the country's mineral production. How did company rule in India decline? Steep British tariffs led to the decline of India's ability to mine and work metals.
The iron produced was crucial in supporting the expanding railway network, infrastructure development, and various industrial applications.
Importing steel ingots from Britain gradually led to the decline of the Indian iron smelting industry in the nineteenth century. The new forest laws were also responsible for this because finding wood and charcoal was becoming more difficult. New forest laws also restricted the smelters' access to iron ore mines.
Textile production in India and Egypt. Why did India suffer? European Mechanization.
DBQ Notes Start Here! READ AND USE THESE NOTES TO COMPLETE THE ASSIGNMENT
2010 Released DBQ
Cotton Industry in India and Japan
*** In Japan, the overwhelming majority of the workers in spinning mills were young, unmarried women, while in India men—married as well as unmarried—formed the bulk of the factory textile workforce.
How did Britain gain control of India?
As a result of a two-year long revolt called the Sepoy Rebellion, in which Indian soldiers working for the British East India Company rebelled against them, the British government took control of the lands that the Company once ruled, making India an official colony of Great Britain.
When did Great Britain give up India?
1947, Years of nonviolent resistance to British rule, led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU, eventually resulted in Indian independence in 1947.
***Cotton becomes a major commodity*** DBQ Notes!
What did the British East India Company do?
The East India Company was probably the most powerful corporation in history. At its height, it dominated global trade between Europe, South Asia, and the Far East, fought numerous wars using its army and navy, and conquered and colonized modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Burma.
Cotton Industry in India and Britain https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Cotton-Industry/
Cotton has been used by humans as far back as the most ancient civilizations but for Europeans, it was not until the age of exploration and maritime trade that the material became highly sought after.
Meanwhile, British imperial ambitions led to the creation of the East India Company, a joint-stock company that allowed maritime trade in the region of the Indian Ocean and beyond. The company became responsible for around half of the world’s trade in basic commodities including silk, spices, tea, opium, and of course cotton.
When the raw material of cotton was introduced to Britain the demand grew and its value soared alongside its production.
It was first imported to Britain in the sixteenth century, composed of a mixture of linen or yarn. By 1750, cotton cloths were being produced and the imports of raw cotton from areas such as the West Indies continued to grow.
The impact of Britain’s imperial trade links allowed cotton as a fabric to have a dominant impact on culture, clothing and style.
By the eighteenth century, the middle classes were seeking a fabric that would meet their demands for durability but also color and ease of washing; cotton fitted the bill.
It was during this surge in popularity that the East India Company continued to increase its imports of calico, a cheap cotton fabric from India. This met the growing demands from the poorest in Britain and found itself on the mass market. This subsequently had a negative impact back in Britain for the local manufacturers, so much so that in 1721 the Calico Act was passed by Parliament, enforcing a complete ban on calicoes in clothing or for domestic use.
The value of cotton for the British Empire was enormous and in order to maintain the edge on their competitors, the country invested in technology that would save time and allow for a massive scale of production.
To prevent competition from the likes of India, Britain imposed protectionist measures in order to restrict imports whilst also forcing the Indian market open to British goods.
The colonial rule of India helped to cement Britain’s monopoly over the cotton producing market, contributing to the continually growing commercial success of the Empire.
Cotton Cultivation in India under Colonial Control Notes https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ehr.13094
During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, cotton was one of the most important industrial inputs.
Cotton was one of the key exports from India.
Western and north-western India had for a long time been the home of cotton production in the country, and the region was also the focus of experimental cotton cultivation by the EIC from the early nineteenth century.
The importance of these areas as major cotton-growing regions in terms of the quantities produced is also reflected in contemporary nineteenth-century maps.
Experimental cotton farms using American varieties were in India so India could produce better quality of cotton.
DBQ Notes Stop Here! READ AND USE THE NOTES ABOVE TO COMPLETE THE ASSIGNMENT
5.5 Technology of the Industrial Age
Theme: Technological Learning Objective
5.5 Explain how technology shaped economic production over time.
1st Industrial Revolution
steam engine
railroads
ships
factories
(increased ACCESS to resources and increased DISTRIBUTION of goods)
2nd Industrial Revolution
chemicals
steel
precision machinery in textile factories
steam powered trains
railroads
AMSCO-5.5.pdf5.6 Industrialization: Government's Role
Theme: Political Learning Objective
5.6 Explain the causes and effects of economic strategies of different states and empires.
AMSCO-5.6.pdfState-Sponsored Visions of Industrialization
MUHAMMAD ALI OF EGYPT
COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY
During the nineteenth century, Egypt became a major producer of cotton and embarked on a process of building an industrialized economy. However, Egypt's industrialization ultimately failed, for reasons that are still debated.
Under Muhammad Ali Egypt's agricultural lands were expanded and nationalized, becoming state tax farms to generate revenue for reforms. Ali used this income to establish an industrial base producing equipment for a modern army and navy and textiles.
In addition to bolstering the agricultural sector, Muhammad Ali built an industrial base for Egypt. His motivation for doing so was primarily an effort to build a modern military. Consequently, he focused on weapons production. Factories based in Cairo produced muskets and cannons.
5.7 Economic Developments and Innovations in the Industrial Age
Theme: Economic Learning Objective
5.7 Explain the development of economic systems, ideologies, and institutions and how they contributed to change in the period from 1750 to 1900.
Transnational Businesses
Unilever based in England and the Netherlands and operating in British West Africa and the Belgian Congo
Unilever's roots trace back to the late 19th century when William Lever, founder of Lever Brothers, revolutionized soap production with his innovative approach to marketing and distribution.
Used palm oil from West Africa and Belgian Congo
AMSCO-5.7.pdfTransnational Businesses
Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
What is Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation - AP World History?
The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation was established and based in Hong Kong since the 1865, when Hong Kong was one of the British colonies.
The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) was established in the mid-19th century to finance trade between China and Europe. It played a significant role in the economic development of Asia and symbolizes the growing interconnectedness of the world's economies and cultures during this time period.
The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) is one of the world's largest and most significant banking and financial services institutions. Founded in March 1865 in Hong Kong and in April 1865 in Shanghai, the primary aim of HSBC was to finance the growing trade between China and Europe. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it expanded its networks through Asia, being deeply involved in the economic development of the region, including Asia infrastructure expansion. In the AP World History context, it represents the increasing interconnectedness of economies and cultures during this time period.
stock markets
limited liability corporations
5.8 Reactions to the Industrial Economy
Theme: Social Learning Objective
5.8 Explain the causes and effects of calls for changes in industrial societies from 1750 to 1900.
Workers formed trade unions to advocate for higher pay and safer working conditions.
AMSCO-5.8.pdf5.9 Society and the Industrial Age
Theme: Social Learning Objective
5.9 Explain how industrialization caused change in existing social hierarchies and standards of living.
AMSCO-5.9.pdf5.10 Continuity and Change in the Industrial Age
The Industrial Revolution changed how goods were produced, how people earned their living, and how businesses were structured.
Growth of the middle class
Work class is created and relies on jobs in the factories
Working class families - women worked in the factories
The Industrial Revolution inspired Adam Smith and Karl Marx.
Rivalry among nations continued
AMSCO-5.10.pdf
