Fluency

The four components of mathematical fluency are flexibility, appropriate choice of strategies, efficiency, and accuracy.

Procedural fluency is the ability to apply procedures efficiently, flexibly, and accurately; to transfer procedures to different problems and contexts; to build or modify procedures from other procedures; and to recognize when one strategy or procedure is more appropriate to apply than another (NCTM 2014, 2020; National Research Council 2001, 2005, 2012; Star 2005).

"Fluency does involve being fast and accurate but the often missing part of fluency is flexibility. Flexibility is the most important aspect in developing true math fluency." - Building Math Minds

Facts are Learned Strategically

Rather than memorizing facts in isolation, use these fact relationships to build fact fluency in addition and multiplication.

Addition Facts by Strategy

Multiplication Facts by Strategy

An Alternative to Flash Cards

Instead of memory and speed, Math Flips highlights the visual structure of numbers and promotes flexible use of strategies to build fluency for addition and subtraction facts. They have a problem or image on side A and a related problem or image on side B to encourage relational thinking rather than answer-getting. The strategies explored through these decks extend to problems with larger numbers and are powerful ways to develop number sense and gain confidence as a mathematician! Check out the Math Flips website for more information.

Math Flips Site

Articles About Fact Fluency

Fluency with Basic Addition.pdf

Addition Fluency

Three Steps to Mastering Multiplication Facts.pdf

Multiplication Fluency

Important Fact Relationships_Pam Harris.pdf

Important Fact Relationships

10 Alternative Ways to Build Math Fluency.pdf

10 Alternative Ways to Build Math Fluency

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