How Exercise Induces Epigenetic Changes in the Body

The health benefits of regular exercise are well known and documented in the

scientific community. Consistent physical activity decreases the risks of cardiovascular

diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer & amp; neurological conditions as well. Physical

activity can also alter the expression of our genetic makeup.

We are all born with a specific genetic blueprint. However, how, when and if

these genes are expressed is determined by many factors. This is the study of

Epigenetics. Our environment plays a huge role in gene expression. For instance, what

we eat and drink, environmental exposures, stress levels, and quality of sleep all play a

huge role in determining if certain genes are expressed or not. Enhancers are the

sections in DNA that regulate which genes may be turned on or off, when and in which

tissues. In one study, endurance exercise training was examined to determine if there

were changes in the activity of gene enhancers in skeletal muscle. Researchers had

participants engage in a 6 week endurance exercise program. Biopsy of the thigh

muscle was taken before and after the program. It was determined that at the end of the

program, many participants had alterations in the structure of the skeletal muscle which

was concurrent with the theory that there are, in fact, beneficial effects of exercise on

the muscles. Researchers believe this also holds true for beneficial effects in cognitive

functioning of the brain as well. In addition, new research from the University of

Copenhagen and the Karolinska Institute have revealed evidence that there is a link

between epigenetic rewiring of enhancers to control their activity after exercise training.

All in all, exercise is a powerful form of preventative medicine that includes

a wide variety of benefits. Performing regular exercise is correlated with numerous

positive impacts that can directly impact your body which can lead to epigenetic

changes through offspring.

Works Cited

Impact of parental exercise on epigenetic modifications inherited by offspring: A

systematic review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6874781/

Study: Physical Exercise Improves Health of Brain and Other Organs through

Epigenetic Changes. http://www.sci-news.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/exercise-epigenetic-changes-09926.html