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The impact of travel and rest days on winning percentages in the NBA
NBA teams travel over 40,000 miles in a six-month season, raising questions about how demanding schedules impact performance. Jared's study analyzes data from the 2004–2020 seasons to examine the effects of rest days, travel distance, and time zone changes on winning percentage. Results show a moderate positive correlation between rest days and performance, while travel distance and time zone differences showed no significant impact—highlighting the importance of scheduling to allow for adequate recovery and peak performance.
The Big Five personalities and their relationship with how individuals interact with one another in a social network
Charlotte's study explores how the Big Five personality traits and gender influence social interactions and relationship-building. Seventy high school students in a Science Research Program evaluated fictitious characters representing extreme versions of each Big Five trait, rating their likelihood of avoiding, befriending, or respecting them. Regression analyses revealed that characters' agreeableness significantly affected responses, while interactions between participants' traits and those of the characters also influenced behavior. These findings highlight the importance of personality in shaping social dynamics, offering insights for improving teamwork and conflict resolution.
Enhancing museum displays: Examining the impact of audio guides on emotional intensity during virtual aesthetic engagement while viewing visual art
Viewing art has been shown to improve mood, well-being, and memory, prompting scientists to explore ways to enhance these benefits in both physical and virtual museums. Kiki’s research investigated how audio descriptions of art and its context influence emotional intensity during aesthetic engagement. In a study with 101 participants, those who viewed paintings with audio guides showed significantly increased positive emotional intensity compared to those without (p < .001). These findings suggest that providing context through audio guides can enhance the art-viewing experience, potentially improving art appreciation, therapy, and overall well-being.
Determining a relationship between music engagement levels and gains in social and communicative domains in children with autism: A music therapy case study utilizing the novel Music Engagement Scale
The lack of a standardized tool to measure music engagement in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been a significant gap in research, limiting the understanding of music therapy’s full potential. Keira’s work addresses this need by using the Music Engagement Scale (MES) to assess music engagement in a client with ASD during 41 video recordings of his music therapy sessions. The study also links increased music engagement to improvements in social outcomes, confirmed through a Zoom conference with the client's music therapist. This research underscores the potential of music therapy to enhance social skills and improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD.
The bystander effect: Exploring the role of the gut microbiota in the social transfer of pain utilizing a mouse model
Understanding the biological underpinnings of empathy is essential for enhancing social connections, particularly in how people share emotional experiences like pain. Devyn's research used a mouse model to explore how witnessing pain in another mouse led to shared gut microbiome compositions. Even after empathic behavior ceased, the mice continued to share similar gut alterations, suggesting a lasting impact of emotional experiences on the microbiome. Her study provides valuable insights into the biological mechanisms of empathy, offering potential ways to strengthen empathy within human communities.
Collaborative creativity and bicultural identity integration: The use of a dyad brainstorming intervention to enhance creativity in Asian-American females
With a world as interconnected and fast-paced as it is in the 21st century, innovation and collaboration are in high demand in industries around the globe. As many different cultures interact due to the ability to work beyond physical boundaries, we must turn our attention to examining the impact of cultural identity on collaborative creativity. Asian Americans, who are biculturals, have been shown to be crucial in various fields of research, including creativity, or the production of original and useful ideas. Summer determined the influence of cultural identity and collaboration on creative ability in Asian-Americans, aiming to advance research on the benefits of creativity in both the classroom and the workplace, in hopes of maximizing productivity in this global workforce.
Exploring habitable zones: The effects of clouds on planetary radiative balance
Ariana Foreman developed a model to refine predictions of exoplanet habitability by incorporating the effects of clouds on planetary surface temperatures. Using Earth-based climate data and advanced spectral modeling, her work demonstrated that clouds significantly alter the range of the habitable zone by reflecting solar radiation, narrowing the potential for liquid water. This research provides a streamlined approach to evaluating exoplanets for life-supporting conditions and offers a framework to prioritize future exploration.
Exploring glaciogenic cloud seeding efficacy: Microphysical evidence of AgI impact in IOP 6 of the SNOWIE project
As climate change intensifies pressure on global water supplies, scientists are exploring new ways to enhance precipitation. Cloud seeding has long been studied as a potential method to support water resources. This study draws on data from the SNOWIE project in Idaho to evaluate the impact of glaciogenic cloud seeding. The findings suggest that seeding helped increase ice formation in targeted cloud regions, supporting the idea that it can influence snowfall. While challenges remain in proving its effectiveness due to natural variability, the results contribute to growing evidence that cloud seeding could play a role in future water management and climate adaptation strategies.
Analysis of PROMISE study data to understand the effectiveness of Trikafta therapy for cystic fibrosis: Exploring hispanic ethnicity and age
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition that affects the lungs and other organs. Trikafta is a treatment that has greatly improved the life expectancy of CF patients. However, as more people with CF live longer, there is limited research on how well Trikafta works for older patients. This study looked at how Trikafta affects people of different ages and ethnicities, including Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients. The results showed that younger patients had greater improvements in lung function, while Hispanic patients saw even better results than non-Hispanic patients. These findings suggest that treatment plans for CF should be tailored to each person’s age and background.
Elucidating the development of coaxially printed hollow tubules for applications in vascular engineering
Bioprinting, or 3D printing from live cells, could lead to the development of functional engineered tissue; however, before this could become a reality, it is first vital that bioprinted tissue contains functional vasculature, or the network of blood vessels necessary for cellular life. Chloe Kohl's study focused on understanding interactions between the bonds connecting polymer chains in hydrogels, the ink used for printing, and a reaction that could reduce the size of printed tissue to approach dimensions on the cellular level. In doing so, Chloe found evidence suggesting that the development of these bonds may impede the shrinkage process, a relationship that could help researchers optimize engineered vasculature.
Engineering the first self-taught tales of tribute agent via deep RL and abstract action selection
For decades, computer scientists have used increasingly complex strategy games (like chess) as a medium for the development of new AI reasoning methods. The more general those methods, the better—if an AI model can work out a complex game without being given explicit information about that game, then it can be applied more easily to real-world situations. Tales of Tribute is one game whose complexity had prohibited that generality, making AI for the game rely on the human programmers’ pre-existing “heuristic” knowledge. Using a variety of efficiency-boosting methods, Sebastian engineered the world’s first self-taught Tales of Tribute AI, creating a more time and energy-efficient model for highly complex reasoning problems.
Analyzing extracellular vesicles for prediction of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patient immunotherapy response
Prescribing the right treatment to cancer patients can be difficult, as not all treatments work well for all people. Andrew investigated a potential method to effectively determine whether one specific type of treatment, immunotherapy, would work well for individual head and neck cancer patients by analyzing their blood samples. Importantly, this non-invasive and personalized approach may facilitate the transition from surgical biopsy to blood draws, ultimately improving patient experiences and outcomes.
Exploring the effect of the physical environment on the patients’ and caretakers’ experience during emergency department visits relating to pediatric mental and behavioral health issues
The increasing number of youth seeking mental and behavioral health care in emergency departments—spaces not designed for such treatment—highlights the need for thoughtful design to improve care. Maya's research coded interviews with children and their primary care partners to examine how the physical design of emergency departments affected their experiences. She found that elements such as control, positive distraction, family and social support, and safety were crucial to both patient and care partner experiences. By incorporating simple design changes, like comfortable seating and easy access to blankets, the presence of familiar social support directly enhanced the patient experience and healing process.
Novel citric acid and tube furnace thermal processing-based recycling process for solid-state NMC electrodes substantiated by advanced microscopy techniques and machine learning-driven tomographic reconstruction
The growing demand for electric vehicles and renewable energy has escalated the need for key battery materials, such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese, while traditional recycling methods remain harmful and inefficient. Cooper developed an eco-friendly recycling method using citric acid and a tube furnace sintering process to recover valuable metals from spent lithium-based battery electrodes. Advanced analysis confirmed that the recovered metals are reusable in new batteries or other applications like electrochemical sensors. This cost-effective, scalable method offers a promising solution for sustainable battery recycling, supporting a more responsible, circular economy for battery materials.
Comparing two neurostimulation therapies: The effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation Vs. transcranial direct current stimulation in post-stroke motor rehabilitation
Each year, nearly 800,000 people in the U.S. experience a stroke, often resulting in long-term motor impairments due to damage in the brain's voluntary movement centers. Nicole’s research compared the effectiveness of two neurostimulation therapies—transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)—by analyzing results from ten studies using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment to track motor recovery. The findings revealed that while both therapies led to improvements, TMS resulted in more significant overall gains, and tDCS showed greater progress for patients with more severe motor loss. These insights help guide clinical decisions in stroke rehabilitation, providing valuable information for individualized recovery strategies.
Exploring the relationship amongst concussion history, neurocognitive function, and sex in adolescent student athletes
Around 25% of Americans have suffered a concussion, which has been demonstrated to affect cognition in the short and long term, but the 1–10 year impact is underexplored. This study analyzed data from 8,419 adolescent athletes and found that those with one past concussion performed slightly better in visual-motor speed (p = 0.016) and reaction time (p = 0.008) than those with none, with sex also influencing results. Overall, concussion history didn’t significantly affect baseline cognitive function during the 1-10 year period, but long-term effects remain a concern. These findings support using ImPACT testing for all athletes and highlight the need for sex-specific concussion care.
Paw-sitive pressure: A systematic review of the efficacy of compression wraps as an anxiolytic in domesticated dogs
Over 70% of domesticated dogs currently show signs of anxiety, negatively impacting both their own and their owner’s mental and physical health. Few effective methods for treating canine anxiety disorders exist, making pressure wraps a promising anxiolytic, although the overall effectiveness needs to be determined. Savannah conducted a systematic review to determine the overall effectiveness of pressure wraps as an anxiolytic, and they were suggested to have a positive impact on anxiety related behaviors, improving canines’ mental and physical health.
Validating a scale for Orthostatic Tremor (OT-10): A comparison between the OT-10 Scale and four standard scales for assessing balance disorder patients
Kayleigh McLaughlin examined the validity of a newly developed scale for the rare movement disorder Orthostatic Tremor (OT), a poorly understood condition. Kayleigh sought to show that the Orthostatic Tremor Severity and Disability Scale (OT-10) is an accurate tool by determining the relationship between the OT-10 and four other scales that are commonly used to assess OT patients but are not specifically tailored for OT. She found that patient scores between the scales were quite similar to each other, confirming that the OT-10 is a valid tool and can be used with confidence, paving the way for better diagnosis and symptom monitoring for OT patients.
Examining the relationship between injury-related fear, psychological readiness, and social support in patients after ACL reconstruction
Recovery after ACL reconstruction can be influenced by not only physical factors but also several psychological factors. Arielle investigated the relationship between psychological factors and social support in patients after ACL reconstruction. Two psychological factors that impact recovery are how ready one is to return to sport and if the patient is scared of returning to sport. Arielle aimed to see whether social support can improve ACL reconstruction recovery. She found results showering that social support decreased participants' fear of re-injury. Overall, this research can help to inform physicians, physical therapists, and family members about the importance of social support to help patients return to sports.
In the shadow of self-image: Comparing item vs. associative memory for neutral and arousal stimuli in women with high- vs. low-severity eating disorder behaviors
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental health conditions defined as a persistent disturbance of eating behaviors that can impact cognition, including memory. Maya investigated how well individuals with high- and low-severity ED behaviors recall neutral and arousal (trigger) stimuli, focusing on differences in associative memory, or the ability to recall the association between two separate concepts. Her findings suggest that memory impairments in EDs are not uniform but may vary based on the severity of the ED behaviors and the emotional content of the stimuli, offering insight into how treatment can be targeted and specified for individual patients.
Investigating the link between consumers' cosmetic consciousness and packaging reliance in purchasing decisions for cosmetic products: A study of mascara
Packaging is a crucial marketing tool used to differentiate products from their competitors and is especially important within the field of cosmetics due to the large number of products available in the market. Cosmetic consciousness refers to the level of knowledge a consumer has surrounding cosmetic products and may impact a consumer’s reliance on packaging to make a purchase decision. Lexi’s study investigated the impact of cosmetic consciousness on packaging reliance to make purchase decisions within cosmetic products. Her study offers guidance for cosmetic companies looking to enhance their packaging and gain competitive advantage.
The influence between BEFORE, DURING, and SHAM conditions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the primary motor cortex on fine motor skill performance of the upper limbs in patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) causes a depletion of dopamine in the brain, leading to a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. While conventional treatments mainly focus on alleviating cardinal motor symptoms, they often have limitations and do not address finer motor skills, such as precise movements like pinching and gripping. Arjun explored the potential of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to improve these fine motor skills by analyzing a Precision Grip Task (PGT) and four transfer tasks, assessing three different tDCS conditions: BEFORE, DURING, and SHAM. His findings suggest that tDCS could significantly enhance fine motor control in PD patients, potentially improving their daily functioning and overall well-being.
Identifying the correlations between coach-athlete-parent relationships and the sport enjoyment and commitment of youth athletes
Obesity is a growing epidemic in adolescents in our society today. With youth sports being a main way children get the adequate exercise they need, it is crucial they continue playing sports throughout their adolescent years. Coach-Athlete-Parent (C-A-P) relationship dynamics directly influence the environment of youth sports and thus must be further examined. Specifically, the impact of C-A-P relationships on the sport enjoyment of youth athletes was yet to be studied. Therefore, Ryan’s study analyzed the C-A-P relationships and how they impact the sport enjoyment of youth athletes. He hopes his work will lead to seminars and speeches to better educate the coaches and athletes of the most optimal dynamics for development in their young athletes.
Pleural mesothelioma in women: Characterizing the impact of sex on survival
Females with diffuse pleural mesothelioma—a rare and aggressive cancer that affects the lining of the lung—tend to survive longer than males with the same disease. Although prior research has investigated this disparity, Bella confirmed this finding using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to explore how the sex of a patient (female/male) affects the overall survival of mesothelioma patients. In addition, she was the first to identify two additional relevant variables, marital status and income, that also have an impact on the overall survival rate. Documenting the difference in survival rates highlights the importance of maintaining accurate and up-to-date databases, enabling healthcare providers to personalize treatments based on each individual's characteristics, ultimately providing patients with the finest care.
Why am I so sleepy? A Comprehensive assessment of knowledge, attitude and sleep health of hospitalists' in regard to obstructive sleep apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder, diagnosed in 93 million people worldwide. Problematically, OSA symptoms are frequently dismissed; it is suspected over 24 million individuals worldwide have been misdiagnosed, which could be due to medical workers spending little time studying OSA. Sophia surveyed medical workers to understand their knowledge of OSA, as well as their own experience with symptoms related to sleep disorders. She found that the hospitalists had gaps of knowledge, deficits in confidence and attitude, as well as poor sleep habits.
“I’m not just a number”: A qualitative study of underrepresented adolescent and young adult cancer survivors’ experiences in cancer care and research
Within the U.S., health disparities exist impacting people's access to quality healthcare. This is a particular issue for minority groups, specifically those who are racial minorities and sexual and gender minorities (SGM). Addison Rappaport focused her research on adolescents and young adults of racial minorities, who are Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) and/or SGM, who are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, Plus (LGBTQIA+) with cancer. Using transcripts of interviews with these individuals, she explored their access, representation, and experiences in cancer care and clinical research. In the long run, Addison hopes to improve cancer care and research for all young patients regardless of their background.
Spatiotemporal mapping of CNS lymphatics in Xenopus tropicalis using time-lapse imaging
Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) is a neurological disorder that occurs when there’s too much fluid in the ventricles of the brain. Currently, the treatment method is only 50% effective, making it hard for people with CH to live a comfortable life. Ella investigated the brain's central nervous system (CNS) lymphatic pathways in Xenopus tropicalis to understand how selective these pathways are based on molecule size. This research will hopefully give greater insight into the development of CH, in hopes of creating a more effective treatment method.
Epigenetic associations with maternal childhood abuse: Elucidating generational consequences on daughters' development through analyzation of DNA methylation
In 2021, over 210,000 children were reported to be abused by their mothers in America, many of whom will go on to have children of their own. Hailey investigated how childhood abuse experienced by mothers affects their daughters’ DNA and mental health, focusing on the role of epigenetics—chemical changes that influence gene function without altering DNA itself. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Hailey examined methylation patterns and their potential links to mental health effects in daughters. This research aims to improve understanding of the mother-daughter relationship through epigenetics, with the hope of enhancing treatment for the long-lasting impacts of maternal trauma.
Serving without strain: A comparative study of vibration dampening technology in tennis rackets
Lateral epicondylitis, or tennis elbow, affects more than 50% of tennis players worldwide and is caused by overused wrist muscles absorbing racket vibrations. Aaron's research focused on identifying the most effective dampening technology for reducing racket vibrations and exploring why some dampening systems remain unpopular among players. In his makeshift engineering lab, Aaron discovered that piezoelectric technology, which converts vibrations into electricity, is the most effective dampening system currently available. His study with tennis players from Byram Hills High School revealed that players often couldn’t notice the technology’s presence, suggesting that its unpopularity may be attributed to the placebo effect or power of suggestion.
An exploration into how deviations from normal onset ages of puberty impact migraine incidence, severity, and frequency
Migraine is a neurological condition that causes persistent headaches, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. While it has been established that there is a relationship between puberty and migraines during adolescence, the question remains whether the exact age when puberty starts makes a difference. Mady Testa explored how starting puberty earlier or later than normal might relate to how often migraines occur and their severity and frequency. Looking at data from a health insurance claims database, she found people with early puberty had fewer migraines compared to those with normal and delayed puberty. This suggests that hormonal changes during puberty do indeed influence migraine characteristics and highlights the importance of future research on puberty timing.
The impact of a-synuclein O-GlcNAcylation at Serine-87 on synaptic transmission in late larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) spinal cords: A model for Parkinson’s Disease
Over 10 million people in the United States actively suffer from Parkinson’s Disease (PD), a debilitating neurodegenerative condition. Post-translational modifications of a protein, a-synuclein, are associated with abnormal states in the brain, and have been observed to have increased amounts of aggregated a-synuclein, a hallmark of Parkinson’s Disease. Alana investigated how one specific post-translational modification affects a-synuclein under normal conditions as well as the potentially pathological impacts of elevated levels of a-synuclein, and found that the result of an increase of the modification led to a phenotype consistent with the inhibition of endocytosis, a mechanism that is crucial for synaptic transmission. The results found in this study can help us to further understand and elucidate the role that post-translational modifications of a-synuclein play in Parkinson’s Disease.
Developing a C. elegans twnk-1 knockout strain as a model of mitochondrial disease
Mitochondrial diseases are a category of devastating neurodegenerative diseases that stem from a genetic mutation in nuclear DNA or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Within mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrial depletion syndrome (MDS) is a severe disorder characterized by a loss of physical mtDNA, causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, there is no cure for MDS, but exploring the disorder within a C. elegans worm model will allow for investigation in further characterization of the disorder. Jordyn investigated MDS in this model to understand and characterize energy defects that exist by completing three characterization assays. Importantly, this research provides the essential foundation for both diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in the future, ultimately helping suffering patients with mitochondrial disease.
Inhibition of ABHD17 rescues AMPA receptor function in a model mouse of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), which affects approximately 7 million individuals in the U.S., is linked to synaptic dysfunction that impairs cognitive abilities. Derk’s research explored the role of ABHD17, a depalmitoylating enzyme that disrupts synaptic function by reducing PSD-95 clustering, a critical protein for synaptic stability. Using an in vitro AD model, Derk investigated the effects of ABHD17 inhibition on AMPAR- and NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission in neurons exposed to amyloid-beta, a hallmark peptide of AD. His findings revealed that inhibiting ABHD17 rescues AMPAR function, offering a promising therapeutic strategy to preserve synaptic integrity and mitigate cognitive decline in AD.
Psychological explorations into the applications of working memory and reinforcement learning as a potential educational aid
In the United States, 1 in every 5 individuals is diagnosed with single or several learning disabilities (National Center for Learning Disabilities, 2024). These learning disabilities can pose obstacles for individuals in various realms of life, but specifically in education. A connection between learning disabilities and two specific kinds of memory, working memory (short-term) and reinforcement learning (long-term) has been suggested by previous literature (Collins et al., 2018), proposing a possible groundwork for solutions that may lead to improved teaching & learning methods for individuals with learning disabilities. Adrianna's study solidified this connection, and she will ultimately use her findings as a propeller towards developing novel tailored educational strategies targeted towards individuals with learning disabilities in order to improve their educational experiences, such as the use of foreign language acquisition.
The impact of chronotype on sleep, attention, and daytime sleepiness in high school students: A comparative study before and after a school start change
Around 70% of U.S. students experience a lack of sleep, leading to circadian misalignment and negative effects on attention and performance. Charlie’s survey of Byram Hills High School sophomores found that later chronotypes slept less on school nights but showed no link between chronotype and attentiveness or sleepiness. Comparing data from 2019, he found a 25-minute delay in school start time improved attentiveness and reduced sleepiness, highlighting the benefits of adjusting school schedules.