BREAKTHROUGH DISCUSS 2026 | 20 & 21 OCTOBER FROM 8AM BST
TRACES & TRANSMISSIONS
An exploration of biosignatures, bio-pollution and interstellar messages
TRACES & TRANSMISSIONS
An exploration of biosignatures, bio-pollution and interstellar messages
Registration
The conference and receptions are invitation only and capacity limited in person. Please e-mail breakthroughdiscuss@physics.ox.ac.uk if you did not receive an invite and wish to attend in person. We will consider your request provided there is capacity and affiliation with a partnering institution.
Travel sponsorship
We are sponsoring travel for SOC members and speakers. We are also soliciting applications from conference attendees to receive travel bursaries. Please see your registration form for more information.
Accommodation
Oxford is always busy and it is strongly recommended to book your accommodation soonest. You can sample Oxford life by staying at one of the colleges, a hotel or B&B. SOC members, speakers and some bursary awardees will stay at The Randolph Hotel (Beaumont St, Oxford OX1 2LN, United Kingdom).
University Rooms provides a booking service for rooms and colleges and other university owned accommodation at reasonable rates, particularly during the University vacations. Bookings may be made directly with hotels or through companies such as booking.com, hotels.com, easyhotel.com, premierinn.com etc.
Breakfast is at your hotel and will not served at the conference venue.
Venue
Rhodes House
S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RG, United Kingdom
Visiting Oxford
Oxford is a beautiful city of stunning architecture, history and culture. You'll find ancient and modern colleges, fascinating museums and galleries, and plenty of parks, gardens and green spaces in which to relax. The city centre is small enough to cover on foot and only a few minutes walk from the main rail and coach stations. Information on transport links including the nearest airports can be found here: Visiting Oxford.
Past content
Content and videos from previous years are available here: breakthroughinitiatives.org/initiative/5.
Questions
Please contact: breakthroughdiscuss@physics.ox.ac.uk.
Venue WiFi
Network: TBA
Password: TBA
Zoom webinar link
TBA
S. Pete Worden
Breakthrough Prize Foundation
Breakthrough Initiatives
Pedro Ferreira
University of Oxford
TBD
University of Cambridge
The search for life beyond Earth has entered a transformative era. Within the Solar System, exploration spans in situ robotic missions on Mars and forthcoming investigations of the subsurface oceans of icy moons orbiting the giant planets. Beyond it, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is enabling atmospheric characterisation of potentially habitable terrestrial planets, super-Earths, and Hycean worlds, with next-generation observatories under development. Recent JWST observations have reported the first detections of simple carbon-bearing molecules in several candidate Hycean worlds, alongside hints of more complex species.
Across these diverse environments, a central question has emerged with renewed urgency: what constitutes a biosignature? Which signatures of life should we seek in different planetary settings, and can we detect them with current and upcoming capabilities? This session brings together perspectives from Solar System exploration, exoplanet characterisation, and biosignature theory to assess the path ahead.
Nikku Madhusudhan
University of Cambridge
Jonathan Lunine
NASA JPL
Alex Archibald
University of Cambridge
Dr. Barbara Sherwood Lollar CC, FRS, NAS, NAE, FRCS, FRCGS is the Norman Keevil Chair and University Professor in Earth Sciences at the University of Toronto. She is Past-President of the Geochemical Society and Co-Director of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Studies (CIFAR) program Earth 4D – Subsurface Science and Exploration. In 2015 she was named a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and in 2019, a Fellow of the Geochemical Society and European Association of Geochemistry. She has been a recipient of many academic awards including the 2012 Eni Award for Protection of the Environment, 2012 Geological Society of America Geomicrobiology and Geobiology Prize, 2014 International Helmholtz Fellowship, 2019 Herzberg Gold Medal, 2019 C.C. Patterson Award in environmental geochemistry, 2024 Nemmers Prize in Earth Sciences, and 2025 Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society London. Sherwood Lollar has served on many advisory boards including the United States National Academy of Sciences Space Studies Board, the Steering Committee of the National Academies Decadal Survey on Planetary Sciences and Astrobiology (2022) and Chair of the 2018 United States National Academy of Sciences “Strategy for Astrobiology and the Search for Life in the Universe”.
Dr. Kevin P. Hand is a scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where he founded and directs the Ocean Worlds Lab. His research focuses on the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the solar system with an emphasis on moons of the outer solar system that likely harbor liquid water oceans. He is the Principal Investigator for the SHERLOC instrument onboard the Mars Perseverance rover, and he was the pre-Project Scientist for NASA’s Europa Lander mission concept. Dr. Hand is a Co-Investigator on the Europa Clipper and Titan Dragonfly missions. From 2011-2016, Hand served as Deputy Chief Scientist for Solar System Exploration at JPL. His fieldwork has brought him to Antarctica, the Arctic, the depths of Earth’s ocean, the glaciers of Africa, and the desert of Namibia. His book ‘Alien Oceans: The Search for Life in the Depths of Space’, was published in 2020 by Princeton University Press.
John Lee Grenfell was born in South Wales in 1968. He completed his PhD at the University of Cambridge in 1995 in 3D atmospheric modeling of the Antarctic ozone hole. After a three-year research fellowship at the University of Birmingham in photochemical modeling of atmospheric pollution he spent two years in New York at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies performing climate predictions for the forthcoming century using a general circulation model with coupled atmosphere-ocean. In 2000 he moved to Berlin where he worked on developing climate-photochemical models for application in exoplanetary science. In 2017 he became staff scientist at the German Aerospace Centre in Berlin and senior scientist in 2020. He is currently leading the working group modeling atmospheric evolution of rocky exoplanets as part of the PLATO space mission.
David Catling is a professor of Earth & Space Sciences. His studies the co-evolution of Earth’s environment and early life, and the habitability of planets and moons. His research also includes investigating environmental conditions needed for the origin of life. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, the American Geophysical Union, and the Geochemical Society, elected to the latter for “fundamental contributions to understanding the co-evolution of Earth’s environment and its biota…and of how the early environment may have sparked the origin of life”. He has been involved in NASA’s Mars exploration, including science teams of the Mars Phoenix Lander and Perseverance Rover missions. After completing a D.Phil. at the University of Oxford, he worked at NASA’s Ames Research Center for several years before moving to the University of Washington in 2001. In addition to more than 200 scholarly papers, he has written two books: “Astrobiology: A Very Short Introduction” for the layperson, and “Atmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds” for researchers.
Complex life on Earth evolved because planetary conditions made it possible. If complex life evolved elsewhere, those planets had environments capable of supporting its emergence. But how do such conditions arise, persist, and change?
This session examines the relative importance of geology and biology in shaping planetary habitability. Geological and environmental processes (e.g. volcanism, tectonics, climate regulation, ocean chemistry, and elemental cycling) may set the conditions within which life can survive and diversify. Yet life can also transform its own environment. Metabolic by-products such as oxygen can alter atmospheric, oceanic, and surface chemistry, changing the availability of essential elements and energy sources.
The central question is: to what extent complex life owes its existence to biological “pollution”, or are the effects of life on planetary conditions ultimately overwhelmed by geology?
ETH Zurich &
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
Ros Rickaby is a marine biogeochemist, currently the Chair of Geology at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, having been Professor of Biogeochemistry since 2010, on the dark side (of blue!), as well as mum to two boys. She received her MA and PhD from Magdalene College, Cambridge University, finally leaving (!) in 1999 to study at Harvard for her post-doc with Dan Schrag before being appointed as faculty in Oxford in 2002 and never leaving since. Ros has pioneered an interdisciplinary blend of biology and chemistry to define the evolving role of the mineralising phytoplankton, in driving climate and the habitable environment. She had the extraordinary luck to spend a decade with R. J. P. Williams thinking about the cycle of life unwittingly poisoning its own success, resulting in the book “Evolution’s Destiny: C-evolving chemistry of the environment and life”. For her research, she has won 20 years of continuous ERC funding, and been recognised by prestigious medals including from the European Geosciences and American Geophysical Union and was appointed FRS in 2022.
Dr. Richard Stockey is an Associate Professor at the University of Southampton, specialising in Earth system evolution and its impact on planetary habitability. Following his BA and MSci degrees in Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge, he received a PhD in Geological Sciences from Stanford University. Since 2022, he has been Lecturer in Palaeobiology at the University of Southampton, becoming Associate Professor in 2026. Richard’s research is primarily computational in nature, integrating Earth system, biogeochemical and ecophysiological modelling approaches. His research continues to illuminate links between atmospheric composition, ocean environments and the evolution of complex ecosystems dominated by multicellular organisms.
Dr. Kira Podolsky works at the interface of chemistry and biology to understand the point at which non-living matter exhibits life-like functions. As a Schmidt Science Fellow in Prof. Ronald T. Raines’ laboratory at MIT, she investigates how simple peptide catalysts could have acted as evolutionary precursors to modern enzymes. Her work appears in Nature and ACS journal, she received the inaugural Stratingh Award in Molecular Chemistry, and she is recognized for her mentorship at MIT. Dr. Podolsky’s research bridges molecular chemistry and synthetic biology to build minimal, programmable systems that probe how chemistry becomes life, with the long-term goal of translating discoveries about primitive catalysts and artificial cells into platform technologies for engineering biology.
Alex Cagan is an Assistant Professor in the Departments of Genetics, Pathology, and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Cambridge, and Theme Lead for Reproduction, Development and Lifelong Health. His research investigates somatic evolution (how mutations accumulate and selection operates in healthy tissues) and what this reveals about cancer and ageing. His group focuses on three areas: ageing, cancer resistance mechanisms including Peto's Paradox, and environmental monitoring. Originally trained in Anthropology as a Cambridge undergraduate, he later moved into genetics and now conducts research at both Cambridge and the Wellcome Sanger Institute. He is also an accomplished scientific illustrator, with work featured on the cover of Nature.
S. Pete Worden
Breakthrough Prize Foundation
Breakthrough Initiatives
Jessica Dempsey
SKAO
Michael Garrett
University of Manchester
Should humanity deliberately transmit messages toward nearby stars, or restrict itself to passive listening? Although Earth has emitted radio signals for decades through broadcasting, radar, and planetary observations, transmitting signals with the intention of attracting extraterrestrial attention is another matter.
The issue was highly polarized in the early 2010s, leading many organizations to avoid direct engagement. Yet the context has changed: thousands of exoplanets have been discovered, radio astronomy has advanced, and technosignature research has gained renewed momentum. The time is ripe to revisit this topic more than a decade later, bringing together experts in technosignatures, astrobiology, radio astronomy, and philosophy. The session would examine whether scientific and societal considerations have evolved, and whether active interstellar messaging should remain controversial, be cautiously pursued, or avoided altogether.
University of Manchester
UCSF
SETI Institute
Dr. Chelsea Haramia is Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Science and Thought at the University of Bonn, Germany, where she currently works on the Desirable AI project. She is also co-Director of the Discovery and Futures Lab at the SETI Institute. Her former positions include Associate Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Gender Studies Program at Spring Hill College, USA. She earned a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Colorado, Boulder, USA. She is also co-Editor of the journal 1000-Word Philosophy, Chair of the SETI Post-Detection Hub's Human Factors Working Group, Advisory Board member of the Cosmic Footprint Society, Management Committee member of the European COST Action grant FOGOS (Futures Oriented Governance of Outer Space), and co-host of the philosophy podcast Story Phi.
Thomas Moynihan is a historian of ideas. Most recently, he is author of Ants, Aliens, & A.I.: Nonhuman Intelligence & Human Extinction (MIT Press, forthcoming 2027), The History of Contingency & Future-Oriented Thought (Cambridge University Press, 2026), and X-Risk: How Humanity Discovered Its Own Extinction (MIT Press, 2020). He holds a DPhil from Oriel College, University of Oxford, and is a Berggruen Fellow at the Berggruen Institute, as well as being an Affiliate Researcher for the Antikythera think-tank.
Jonathan Hongtao Jiang (蒋红涛) is a Chinese-American atmospheric and space scientist and astrophysicist. He was a Senior Research Scientist and Principal Scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, where he led the Aerosol and Cloud Research Group. His work spanned climate science, atmospheric physics, satellite remote sensing, astrophysics, and space science. As of 2025, Jiang has an h-index of approximately 66.
Dr. Berea is a double PhD (economics and computational social sciences) and an associate professor of computational and data sciences at George Mason University. She is also a research investigator with Blue Marble Space Institute of Science and an affiliate with the SETI Post-detection Hub. Her research has focused mostly on applying computational and AI methods to astrobiology and other complex systems phenomena in space sciences (such as heliophysics), for which she received three awards of merit from Frontier Development Lab (AI Research Accelerator) and from NASA. Her current research is focused on modeling human factors for crewed space missions.
Dr. Berea has long experience working in NASA appointed positions in astrobiology: the UAP Independent Study Group, Communicating Discoveries in The Search for Life in the Universe Group, NASA Decadal Astrobiology Research and Exploration Strategy Task Force 1 - Workforce and ECR Focus Area Lead and now she is leading a working group at the SETI Post Detection Hub focused on observing and detecting Sociosignatures. In her AI courses she is teaching AI methods based on Apollo, Kepler and TESS data. She is also the mission head for the ASPIRE One mission that created digital content for a microchip that landed on the Moon with the Firefly mission, and she is the co-PI of the GMU Grand Challenge Initiative Space Center.
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
Breakthrough Prize Foundation
Breakthrough Initiatives
Conference Director
Breakthrough Initiatives
Breakthrough Initiatives
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
University of Oxford