BREAKTHROUGH DISCUSS 2026
20 & 21 OCTOBER FROM 8AM BST
20 & 21 OCTOBER FROM 8AM BST
LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE:
AN EXPLORATORY DEBATE
LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE:
AN EXPLORATORY DEBATE
Registration
The conference and receptions are invitation only and capacity limited in person. Please e-mail breakthroughdiscuss@physics.ox.ac.uk if you did not receive an invite and wish to attend in person. We will consider your request provided there is capacity and affiliation with a partnering institution.
Travel sponsorship
We are sponsoring travel for SOC members and speakers. We are also soliciting applications from conference attendees to receive travel bursaries. Please see your registration form for more information.
Accommodation
Oxford is always busy and it is strongly recommended to book your accommodation soonest. You can sample Oxford life by staying at one of the colleges, a hotel or B&B. SOC members, speakers and some bursary awardees will stay at The Randolph Hotel (Beaumont St, Oxford OX1 2LN, United Kingdom).
University Rooms provides a booking service for rooms and colleges and other university owned accommodation at reasonable rates, particularly during the University vacations. Bookings may be made directly with hotels or through companies such as booking.com, hotels.com, easyhotel.com, premierinn.com etc.
Venue
Rhodes House
S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RG, United Kingdom
Visiting Oxford
Oxford is a beautiful city of stunning architecture, history and culture. You'll find ancient and modern colleges, fascinating museums and galleries, and plenty of parks, gardens and green spaces in which to relax. The city centre is small enough to cover on foot and only a few minutes walk from the main rail and coach stations. Information on transport links including the nearest airports can be found here: Visiting Oxford.
Past content
Content and videos from previous years are available here: breakthroughinitiatives.org/initiative/5.
Questions
Please contact: breakthroughdiscuss@physics.ox.ac.uk
Venue WiFi
Network: TBA
Password: TBA
Zoom webinar link
TBA
S. Pete Worden
Breakthrough Prize Foundation
Breakthrough Initiatives
TBD
University of Oxford
TBD
University of Cambridge
The search for life beyond Earth has entered a transformative era. Within the Solar System, exploration spans in situ robotic missions on Mars and forthcoming investigations of the subsurface oceans of icy moons orbiting the giant planets. Beyond it, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is enabling atmospheric characterisation of potentially habitable terrestrial planets, super-Earths, and Hycean worlds, with next-generation observatories under development. Recent JWST observations have reported the first detections of simple carbon-bearing molecules in several candidate Hycean worlds, alongside hints of more complex species.
Across these diverse environments, a central question has emerged with renewed urgency: what constitutes a biosignature? Which signatures of life should we seek in different planetary settings, and can we detect them with current and upcoming capabilities? This session brings together perspectives from Solar System exploration, exoplanet characterisation, and biosignature theory to assess the path ahead.
Nikku Madhusudhan
University of Cambridge
Jonathan Lunine
NASA JPL
Alex Archibald
University of Cambridge
John Lee Grenfell was born in South Wales in 1968. He completed his PhD at the University of Cambridge in 1995 in 3D atmospheric modeling of the Antarctic ozone hole. After a three-year research fellowship at the University of Birmingham in photochemical modeling of atmospheric pollution he spent two years in New York at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies performing climate predictions for the forthcoming century using a general circulation model with coupled atmosphere-ocean. In 2000 he moved to Berlin where he worked on developing climate-photochemical models for application in exoplanetary science. In 2017 he became staff scientist at the German Aerospace Centre in Berlin and senior scientist in 2020. He is currently leading the working group modeling atmospheric evolution of rocky exoplanets as part of the PLATO space mission.
Dr. Edward (Eddie) Schwieterman is a planetary scientist and astrobiologist who studies planetary atmospheres, including their climates, chemistries, and spectral observables. He is particularly focused on research that can inform our ability to characterize temperate exoplanets with current and future observational platforms, especially in search of remotely detectable biosignatures. He is similarly interested in assessing potential planetary-scale signatures of technology (‘technosignatures’) and has published influential and highly cited papers on both exoplanet biosignatures and technosignatures and their potential false positives and negatives. Schwieterman holds B.S. degrees in Physics and Astrophysics from the Florida Institute of Technology (2010), an M.S. in Astronomy from the University of Washington (2011), and a dual PhD in Astronomy and Astrobiology from the University of Washington in Seattle (2016). His current position is Associate Professor of Astrobiology at the University of California, Riverside, where he leads the Planetary Astrobiology Laboratory.
Complex life on Earth evolved because planetary conditions made it possible. If complex life evolved elsewhere, those planets had environments capable of supporting its emergence. But how do such conditions arise, persist, and change?
This session examines the relative importance of geology and biology in shaping planetary habitability. Geological and environmental processes (e.g. volcanism, tectonics, climate regulation, ocean chemistry, and elemental cycling) may set the conditions within which life can survive and diversify. Yet life can also transform its own environment. Metabolic by-products such as oxygen can alter atmospheric, oceanic, and surface chemistry, changing the availability of essential elements and energy sources.
The central question is: to what extent complex life owes its existence to biological “pollution”, or are the effects of life on planetary conditions ultimately overwhelmed by geology?
ETH Zurich &
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
Dr. Kira Podolsky works at the interface of chemistry and biology to understand the point at which non-living matter exhibits life-like functions. As a Schmidt Science Fellow in Prof. Ronald T. Raines’ laboratory at MIT, she investigates how simple peptide catalysts could have acted as evolutionary precursors to modern enzymes. Her work appears in Nature and ACS journal, she received the inaugural Stratingh Award in Molecular Chemistry, and she is recognized for her mentorship at MIT. Dr. Podolsky’s research bridges molecular chemistry and synthetic biology to build minimal, programmable systems that probe how chemistry becomes life, with the long-term goal of translating discoveries about primitive catalysts and artificial cells into platform technologies for engineering biology.
Alex Cagan is an Assistant Professor in the Departments of Genetics, Pathology, and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Cambridge, and Theme Lead for Reproduction, Development and Lifelong Health. His research investigates somatic evolution (how mutations accumulate and selection operates in healthy tissues) and what this reveals about cancer and ageing. His group focuses on three areas: ageing, cancer resistance mechanisms including Peto's Paradox, and environmental monitoring. Originally trained in Anthropology as a Cambridge undergraduate, he later moved into genetics and now conducts research at both Cambridge and the Wellcome Sanger Institute. He is also an accomplished scientific illustrator, with work featured on the cover of Nature.
Ros Rickaby is a marine biogeochemist, currently the Chair of Geology at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, having been Professor of Biogeochemistry since 2010, on the dark side (of blue!), as well as mum to two boys. She received her MA and PhD from Magdalene College, Cambridge University, finally leaving (!) in 1999 to study at Harvard for her post-doc with Dan Schrag before being appointed as faculty in Oxford in 2002 and never leaving since. Ros has pioneered an interdisciplinary blend of biology and chemistry to define the evolving role of the mineralising phytoplankton, in driving climate and the habitable environment. She had the extraordinary luck to spend a decade with R. J. P. Williams thinking about the cycle of life unwittingly poisoning its own success, resulting in the book “Evolution’s Destiny: C-evolving chemistry of the environment and life”. For her research, she has won 20 years of continuous ERC funding, and been recognised by prestigious medals including from the European Geosciences and American Geophysical Union and was appointed FRS in 2022.
Dr. Richard Stockey is an Associate Professor at the University of Southampton, specialising in Earth system evolution and its impact on planetary habitability. Following his BA and MSci degrees in Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge, he received a PhD in Geological Sciences from Stanford University. Since 2022, he has been Lecturer in Palaeobiology at the University of Southampton, becoming Associate Professor in 2026. Richard’s research is primarily computational in nature, integrating Earth system, biogeochemical and ecophysiological modelling approaches. His research continues to illuminate links between atmospheric composition, ocean environments and the evolution of complex ecosystems dominated by multicellular organisms.
S. Pete Worden
Breakthrough Prize Foundation
Breakthrough Initiatives
TBD
University of Oxford
Michael Garrett
University of Manchester
Should humanity deliberately transmit messages toward nearby stars, or restrict itself to passive listening? Although Earth has emitted radio signals for decades through broadcasting, radar, and planetary observations, transmitting signals with the intention of attracting extraterrestrial attention is another matter.
The issue was highly polarized in the early 2010s, leading many organizations to avoid direct engagement. Yet the context has changed: thousands of exoplanets have been discovered, radio astronomy has advanced, and technosignature research has gained renewed momentum. The time is ripe to revisit this topic more than a decade later, bringing together experts in technosignatures, astrobiology, radio astronomy, and philosophy. The session would examine whether scientific and societal considerations have evolved, and whether active interstellar messaging should remain controversial, be cautiously pursued, or avoided altogether.
University of Manchester
UCSF
SETI Institute
Dr. Berea is a double PhD (economics and computational social sciences) and an associate professor of computational and data sciences at George Mason University. She is also a research investigator with Blue Marble Space Institute of Science and an affiliate with the SETI Post-detection Hub. Her research has focused mostly on applying computational and AI methods to astrobiology and other complex systems phenomena in space sciences (such as heliophysics), for which she received three awards of merit from Frontier Development Lab (AI Research Accelerator) and from NASA. Her current research is focused on modeling human factors for crewed space missions.
Dr. Berea has long experience working in NASA appointed positions in astrobiology: the UAP Independent Study Group, Communicating Discoveries in The Search for Life in the Universe Group, NASA Decadal Astrobiology Research and Exploration Strategy Task Force 1 - Workforce and ECR Focus Area Lead and now she is leading a working group at the SETI Post Detection Hub focused on observing and detecting Sociosignatures. In her AI courses she is teaching AI methods based on Apollo, Kepler and TESS data. She is also the mission head for the ASPIRE One mission that created digital content for a microchip that landed on the Moon with the Firefly mission, and she is the co-PI of the GMU Grand Challenge Initiative Space Center.
Jonathan Hongtao Jiang (蒋红涛) is a Chinese-American atmospheric and space scientist and astrophysicist. He was a Senior Research Scientist and Principal Scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, where he led the Aerosol and Cloud Research Group. His work spanned climate science, atmospheric physics, satellite remote sensing, astrophysics, and space science. As of 2025, Jiang has an h-index of approximately 66.
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
Breakthrough Prize Foundation
Breakthrough Initiatives
Conference Director
Breakthrough Initiatives
Breakthrough Initiatives
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
University of Oxford