Publications
Review Articles
Khoshru, B., Mitra, D., Joshi, K., Adhikari, P., Rion, M.S.I., Fadiji, A.E., Alizadeh, M., Priyadarshini, A., Senapati, A., Sarikhani, M.R., Panneerselvam, P., Mohapatra, P.K.D., Sushkova, S., Minkina, T., Keswani, C.* (2023). Decrypting the multi-functional biological activators and inducers of defense responses against biotic stresses in plants. Heliyon 9(3): e13825. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13825
Singh, S.P., Keswani, C., Minkina, T., Ortiz, A., Sansinenea, E. (2023). Nano-Inputs: A Next-Generation Solution for Sustainable Crop Production. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. DOI: 10.1007/s00344-023-10943-y
Kumar, S., Korra, T., Thakur, R., Arutselvan, R., Kashyap, A.S., Nehela, Y., Chaplygin, V., Minkina, T., Keswani, C.* (2023) Role of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Defence and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic Stress. Plant Stress, 8, 100154. DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2023.100154
Chakraborty, N., Mitra, R., Pal, S., Ganguly, R., Acharya, K., Minkina, T., Sarkar, A., Keswani, C.* (2023). Biopesticide Consumption in India: Insights into the Current Trends. Agriculture, 13(3), 557. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13030557
Dasgupta, D., Paul, A., Acharya, K., Minkina, T., Mandzhieva, S., Gorovtsov, A.V., Chakraborty, N., Keswani, C.* (2023). Bioinoculant Mediated Regulation of Signalling Cascades in Various Stress Responses in Plants. Heliyon 9(1): e12953. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12953
Kumari, K., Kumar, R., Bordoloi, N., Minkina, T., Keswani, C.*, Bauddh, K. (2023). Unravelling the Recent Developments in the Production Technology and Efficient Applications of Biochar for Agro-Ecosystems. Agriculture, 13(3), 512. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13030512
Tripathi, R., Tewari, R., Singh, K.P., Keswani, C., Minkina, T., Srivastava, A.K., De Corato, U., Sansinenea, E. (2022). Plant Mineral Nutrition and Disease Resistance: A Significant Linkage for Sustainable Crop Protection. Frontiers in Plant Science DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883970
Salazar, B., Ortiz, A., Keswani, C., Minkina, T., Mandzhieva, S., Singh, S.P., Rekadwad, B., Borriss, R., Jain, A., Singh, H.B. and Sansinenea, E. (2022). Bacillus spp. as Bio-factories for Antifungal Secondary Metabolites: Innovation Beyond Whole Organism Formulations. Microbial Ecology 1-24. DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02044-2
Dehghanian, Z., Habibi, K., Dehghanian, M., Aliyar, S., Lajayer, B.A., Astatkie, T., Minkina, T. and Keswani, C.* (2022). Reinforcing the bulwark: unravelling the efficient applications of plant phenolics and tannins against environmental stresses. Heliyon, 8(3): e09094. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09094
Keswani, C., Dilnashin, H., Birla, H., Roy, P., Tyagi, R.K., Singh, D., Rajput, V.D., Minkina, T. and Singh, S.P. (2022). Global footprints of organochlorine pesticides: a pan-global survey. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 44(1):149-177. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00946-7
Ganguly, R., Sarkar, A., Dasgupta, D., Acharya, K., Keswani, C*., Popova, V., Minkina, T., Maksimov, A.Y. And Chakraborty, N. (2022). Unravelling the Efficient Applications of Zinc and Selenium for Mitigation of Abiotic Stresses in Plants. Agriculture, 12(10), 1551. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12101551
Ganguly, R., Sarkar, A., Acharya, K., Keswani, C., Minkina, T., Mandzhieva, S., Sushkova, S. and Chakraborty, N. (2022). The Role of NO in the Amelioration of Heavy Metal Stress in Plants by Individual Application or in Combination with Phytohormones, Especially Auxin. Sustainability, 14(14): 8400. DOI: 10.3390/su14148400
Keswani, C., Singh, S.P., García‐Estrada, C., Mezaache‐Aichour, S., Glare, T.R., Borriss, R., Rajput, V.D., Minkina, T.M., Ortiz, A. and Sansinenea, E. (2021) Biosynthesis and beneficial effects of microbial gibberellins on crops for sustainable agriculture. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1–19. DOI: 10.1111/jam.15348.
Rajput, V.D., Minkina, T., Kumari, A., Singh, V.K., Verma, K.K., Mandzhieva, S., Sushkova, S., Srivastava, S. and Keswani, C. (2021). Coping with the challenges of abiotic stress in plants: New dimensions in the field application of nanoparticles. Plants, 10(6), p.1221. DOI: 10.3390/plants10061221
Mazarji, M., Bayero, M.T., Minkina, T., Sushkova, S., Mandzhieva, S., Tereshchenko, A., Timofeeva, A., Bauer, T., Burachevskaya, M., Kızılkaya, R. and Gülser, C. and Keswani, C.* (2021). Realizing united nations sustainable development goals for greener remediation of heavy metals-contaminated soils by biochar: Emerging trends and future directions. Sustainability, 13(24), p.13825. DOI: 10.3390/su132413825
Dilnashin, H., Birla, H., Rajput, V.D., Keswani, C.*, Singh, S.P., Minkina, T.M. and Mandzhieva, S.S., 2021. Economic Shock and Agri-Sector: Post-COVID-19 Scenario in India. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 1: 1479–1490. DOI: 10.1007/s43615-021-00134-w
Keswani, C., Singh, S.P., Cueto, L., García-Estrada, C., Mezaache-Aichour, S., Glare, T.R., Borriss, R., Singh, S.P., Blázquez, M.A. and Sansinenea, E. (2020). Auxins of microbial origin and their use in agriculture. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104: 8549–8565. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10890-8
Keswani, C., Singh, H.B., García-Estrada, C., Caradus, J., He, Y.W., Mezaache-Aichour, S., Glare, T.R., Borriss, R. and Sansinenea, E. (2020) Antimicrobial secondary metabolites from agriculturally important bacteria as next-generation pesticides. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104:1013–1034. DOI:10.1007/s00253-019-10300-8
Keswani, C., Prakash, O., Bharti, N., Vílchez, J.I., Sansinenea, E., Lally, R.D., Borriss, R., Singh, S.P., Gupta, V.K., Fraceto, L.F. and de Lima, R. (2019) Re-addressing the biosafety issues of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Science of the Total Environment 690:841-852. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.046
Keswani, C., Singh, H.B., Vinale, F., Hermosa, R., García-Estrada, C., Caradus, J., He, Y-W, Mezaache-Aichour, S., Glare, T.R., Borriss, R., Sansinenea, E., (2019) Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites from Agriculturally Important Fungi as Next Biocontrol Agents. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 103: 9287–9303. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10209-2
Keswani, C., Dilnashin, H., Birla, H., Singh, S.P. (2019) Unravelling efficient applications of agriculturally important microorganisms for alleviation of induced inter-cellular oxidative stress in crops. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 114(1), 121–130 doi:10.14720/aas.2019.114.1.14
Fraceto L.F., Maruyama, C.R., Guilger, M., Mishra, S., Keswani, C., Singh, H.B., deLima, R. (2018) Trichoderma harzianum based novel formulations: Potential Applications for Management of Next-Gen agricultural challenges. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 93: 2056–2063. DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5613
Mishra, S., Keswani, C., Abhilash, P.C., Fraceto L.F., Singh, H.B. (2017). Integrated Approach of Agri-nanotechnology: Challenges and Future Trends. Frontiers in Plant Sciences. Doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00471
Keswani, C., Bisen, K., Singh, S.P., Singh, H.B. (2017). Traditional Knowledge and Medicinal Plants of India in Intellectual Property Landscape. Medicinal Plants 9(1), 1-11.
Keswani, C., Mishra, S., Sarma, B.K., Singh, S.P. and H.B. Singh. (2014). Unraveling the efficient applications of secondary metabolites of various Trichoderma spp. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 98: 533–544.
Mishra, S., Singh, A., Keswani, C., Singh, H.B. (2014) Nanotechnology: Exploring potential application in agriculture and its opportunities and Constraints. Biotech Today, 4(1), 9-14.
Research Papers
1. Sharma, A., Vaishnav, A., Jamali, H., Keswani, C., Srivastava, A.K., Kaushik, R., Gupta, S. and Bansal, Y.K. (2023). Unraveling the Plant Growth-Promoting Mechanisms of Stenotrophomonas sp. CV83 for Drought Stress Tolerance and Growth Enhancement in Chickpea. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11010-2
2. Kumar, S., Chandra, R., Keswani, C.*, Minkina, T., Mandzhieva, S., Voloshina, M. and Meena, M. (2022). Trichoderma viride—Mediated Modulation of Oxidative Stress Network in Potato Challenged with Alternaria solani. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. DOI: 10.1007/s00344-022-10669-3
3. Tripathi, R., Vishunavat, K., Tewari, R., Kumar, S., Minkina, T., De Corato, U., and Keswani, C*. (2022). Defense Inducers Mediated Mitigation of Bacterial Canker in Tomato through Alteration in Oxidative Stress Markers. Microorganisms, 10(11), 2160. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112160
4. Kumar, S., Chandra, R., Behera, L., Keswani, C.* and Sansinenea, E., (2022). Dual Trichoderma consortium mediated elevation of systemic defense response against early blight in potato. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 162(3): 681-696. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-021-02431-4
5. Minnikova, T., Mokrikov, G., Kazeev, K., Medvedeva, A., Biryukova, O., Keswani, C., Minkina, T., Sushkova, S., Elgendy, H., Kolesnikov, S. (2022) Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Response to Tillage Practices in the Steppe Zone of Southern Russia. Processes, 10, 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020244
6. Liem, N.V., Hoat, T.X., Man, L.Q., Hung, N.M., Huy, N.Q., Hang, L.T., Quan, M.V., Linh, D.T.P., Nguyen, D.T., Oanh, L.T.K. Xuyen, L.T., Hung, N.V., Uke, A., Hien, P.H., Ha, T.D., Keswani, C. and Phan, T.T.H. (2022). Molecular identification of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus causing mosaic disease of cassava in Nghe An province, Vietnam. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2022.2091355
7. Tripathi, R., Keswani, C*., and Tewari, R. (2021). Trichoderma koningii enhances tolerance against thermal stress by regulating ROS metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. Journal of Plant Interactions, 16(1): 116-125. DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2021.1908634
8. Singh, S.P., Keswani, C.*, Singh, S.P., Sansinenea, E. and Hoat, T.X. (2021). Trichoderma spp. mediated induction of systemic defense response in brinjal against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 2: 100051. DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100051
9. Chitara MK, Keswani C*, Varnava KG, Birla H, Dilnashin H, Singh SP, Sarojini V, Sperry J and Singh HB (2020). Impact of the Alkaloid Colletotrichumine A on the Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum capsici in Capsicum annum L. Rhizosphere, 16: 100247. DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2020.100247
10. Quan MV, Liem NV, Man LQ, Huy NQ, Vi LQ, Cuong HV, Nguyen DT, Thao HTB, Hung NV, Huy ND, Weintraub PG, Keswani C, Hang LT, Hung NM and Hoat TX (2020). A new phytoplasma strain associated with the sugarcane white leaf disease in Vietnam. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 10(1), 60-68 doi:10.5958/2249-4677.2020.00007.9
11. Nguyen DT, Hieu NC, Hung NV, Thao HTB, Keswani C, Toan PV, Hoat TX (2019). Biological control of fusarium root rot of Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.) with consortia of agriculturally important microorganisms in Viet Nam. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 6, 27 doi:10.1186/s40538-019-0168-x
12. Singh V, Keswani C, Ray S, Upadhyaya RS, Singh DP, Prabha R, Sarma BK, Singh HB (2019) Isolation and screening of high salinity tolerant Trichoderma spp. with plant growth property and antagonistic activity against various soilborne phytopathogens. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 52(7–8): 667–680.
13. Ram RM, Tripathi R, Birla H, Dilnashin H, Singh SP, Keswani C* (2019) Mixed PGPR consortium: an effective modulator of antioxidant network for management of collar rot in cauliflower. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 52(7–8): 844–862.
14. Birla H, Keswani C, Rai SN, Singh SS, Zahra W, Dilnashin H, Rathore AS, Singh SP (2019) Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera in BPA induced-cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice. Behavioral and Brain Functions 15(1):9.
15. Rai SN, Zahra W, Singh SS, Birla H, Keswani C, Dilnashin H, Rathore AS, Singh R, Singh RK and Singh SP (2019). Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ursolic Acid in MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Mouse Model. Neurotoxicity Research 1-11.
16. Bosco MJ, Bisen K, Keswani C, Singh HB (2017). Biological management of Fusarium wilt of tomato using biofortified vermicompost. Mycosphere 8(3):1-16.
17. Mishra, S., Singh, B. R., Singh, A., Keswani, C., Naqvi, A. H., Singh, H. B. (2014). Biofabricated Silver Nanoparticles Act as a Strong Fungicide against Bipolaris sorokiniana Causing Spot Blotch Disease in Wheat. PloS One, 9(5), e97881.
Editorials/ Opinion Articles/ Commentaries/ Historical Notes
Keswani, C*., Balestrini, R., Minkina, T., Singh, S., De Corato, U., Sansinenea, E. (2023). Unraveling Efficient Strategies for Inducing Systemic Resistance in Crops for Managing Biotic Stress. Plant Stress, 8, 100156. DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2023.100156
Keswani, C*., Minkina, T., Sushkova, S., Mandzhieva, S. (2022). A Three-Tier Approach as a Next-Gen Sustainable Solution for Mitigation of Urban Air Pollution. Anthropocene Science, 1(3), 417-418. DOI: 10.1007/s44177-022-00039-9
Keswani, C., Birla, H., Dilnashin, H. (2020). The place beyond the pines: bioeconomy delivering sustainable green growth A Book Review on The Bioeconomy: Delivering Sustainable Green Growth by Davide Viaggi, CABI, UK, 2018, 224 pp., ISBN: 9781786392756. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00643-y
Keswani C., Dilnashin H., Birla H., Singh S.P. (2019). Regulatory barriers to Agricultural Research commercialization: A case study of biopesticides in India. Rhizosphere 11: 100155
Keswani C., Godwin, J., Sivaraj, K., Singh, H.B. (2015). Trichoderma spp.: A Boon for Farming Community. Every Man’s Science XLIX (6): 392-394.
Keswani C., (2015). Ecofriendly Management of Plant Diseases by Biosynthesized Secondary Metabolites of Trichoderma spp. Journal of Brief Ideas 10.5281/zenodo.15571
Keswani C., Ram RM, Singh H.B. (2014). Discovering life on ‘Omics plane: The genius of Frederick Sanger, Current Science 707-708.
Keswani C., Dixit R., Singh HB (2014). Prominent search engines for assisting scientific and academic research. Biotech Today 4(2): 46-47.
Keswani, C., Surya P. Singh, and H.B. Singh. (2013) A Superstar in Biocontrol Enterprise: Trichoderma spp. Biotech Today 3 (2): 27-30.
Keswani, C., Singh, S.P., Singh, H.B. (2013). Beauveria bassiana: Status, Mode of action, Applications and Safety issues. Biotech Today, 3(1): 16-20.
Book Chapters
1. Narware, J., Yadav, R.N., Keswani, C., Singh, S.P., Singh, H.B. (2019) Silver nanoparticle-based biopesticides for phytopathogens: Scope and potential in agriculture. In: Koul, O. (Ed.) Nano-Biopesticides Today and Future Perspectives. Academic Press 303-314
2. Ram, R.M., Keswani, C., Bisen, K., Tripathi, R., Singh, S.P., Singh, H.B. (2018). Biocontrol Technology: Eco-Friendly Approaches for Sustainable Agriculture. In: Brah, D., Azevedo, V. (eds) Omics Technologies and Bio-Engineering: Towards Improving Quality of Life Volume II Microbial, Plant, Environmental and Industrial Technologies. Academic Press, London, U.K. pp. 177-190.
3. Singh, V., Ray, S., Bisen, K., Keswani, C., Upadhyay, R. S., Sarma, B. K., Singh H. B. (2017) Unravelling the Dual Applications of Trichoderma spp. as Biopesticide and Biofertilizer. In: Advances in PGPR Research. Eds. H. B. Singh, B. K. Sarma, C. Keswani. CABI, UK pp. 364-374.
4. Chitara, M. K., Keswani, C., Bisen, K., Singh, V., Singh, S. P., Sarma, B. K., Singh H. B. (2017) Improving Crop Performance under Heat Stress using Thermo tolerant Agriculturally Important Microorganisms. In: Advances in PGPR Research. Eds. H. B. Singh, B. K. Sarma, C. Keswani. CABI, UK pp. 296-305.
5. Ray, S., Singh, V., Bisen, K., Keswani, C., Singh, S., Singh, H.B. (2017) Endophytomicrobiont: A Multifaceted Beneficial Interaction. In: Advances in PGPR Research. Eds. H. B. Singh, B. K. Sarma, C. Keswani. CABI, UK pp. 218- 233.
6. Kumar, G., Patel, J.S., Maharshi, A., Mukherjee, A., Keswani, C., Singh, S.P., Singh, H.B., Sarma, B.K. (2017) PGPR-Mediated Defence Responses in Plants under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. In: Advances in PGPR Research. Eds. H. B. Singh, B. K. Sarma, C. Keswani. CABI, UK pp. 427-438.
7. Bisen, K., Vivek Singh, Keswani, C., Shatrupa Ray, B. K. Sarma, H. B. Singh (2017) Use of Biological Control Agents in the Management of Seedborne Diseases. In: Seed Borne Diseases of Agricultural Crops: Detection, Diagnosis & Management. Ed. Ravindra Kumar. Springer (In Press).
8. Bisen, K., Keswani, C., Patel, J.S., Sarma, B.K. and Singh, H.B. (2016) Trichoderma spp.: Efficient Inducers of Systemic Resistance in Plants. In: Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. Eds. Choudhary, D.K. and Verma, A. Springer Singapore, pp. 185-195.
9. Singh, H.B., Jha, A., Keswani, C., (2016) Biotechnology in Agriculture, Medicine and Industry: An Overview. In: Intellectual Property Issues in Biotechnology. Eds. H. B. Singh, C. Keswani, A. Jha. CABI, UK, pp. 1-4.
10. Bisen, K., Keswani, C., Singh, A., Pandey R., Sarma, B.K., Singh, H. B. (2016) CRISPR/Cas9 system, A Revolutionary Technology for Genome Editing: Applications and IP Disputes. In: Intellectual Property Issues in Biotechnology. Eds. H. B. Singh, C. Keswani, A. Jha. CABI UK, pp. 157-164.
11. Keswani, C., Sarma, B.K., Singh, H.B. (2016) Synthesis of Policy Support, Quality Control, and Regulatory Management of Biopesticides in Sustainable Agriculture. In: Agriculturally Important Microorganisms: Commercial and regulatory requirement in Asia. Eds. H. B. Singh, B.K. Sarma , C. Keswani. Springer Singapore, pp. 3-12.
12. Singh, H.B., Keswani, C., Kartikay Bisen, Sarma, B.K., Chakrabarty, P.K. (2016) Development and Application of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms in India. In: Agriculturally Important Microorganisms: Commercial and regulatory requirement in Asia. Eds. H. B. Singh, B. K. Sarma, C. Keswani. Springer Singapore, pp.167-181.
13. Keswani, C., Bisen, K., Singh, V., Sarma, B.K., and Singh H.B. (2016) Formulation Technology of Biocontrol Agents: Present Status and Future Prospects. In: Bioformulations: for Sustainable Agriculture. Eds. N.K. Arora. Springer India, pp. 35-52.
14. Keswani, C., Bisen, K., Singh, S.P., Sarma, B.K., and Singh H.B. (2016) A proteomic approach to understand the tripartite interactions between plant-Trichoderma-pathogen: investigating the potential for efficient biological control. In: Plant, Soil and Microbes Vol. 2. Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions. Eds. K. R. Hakeem and Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar. Springer USA, pp. 79-93.
15. Mishra, S., Keswani, C., Singh, A., Singh, B.R., Singh, S.P., and H.B. Singh (2016) Microbial Nanoformulation: Exploring Potential for Coherent Nano-farming. In: The handbook of Microbial Bioresources. Eds. V.K. Gupta, G.D. Sharma, M.G. Tuohy and R. Gaur. CABI-UK, pp. 107-120.
16. Ram, R.M., Keswani, C., Mishra, S., Tripathi, R., Ray, S., Singh, S.P., Singh, H.B. (2016) Trichoderma secondary metabolites: applications and future prospects. In Plant Diseases and their Sustainable Management. Ed. S.S. Vaish Biotech Books, New Delhi, pp. 113-127.
17. Ram, R.M., Keswani, C., Mishra, S., Bisen, K., Tripathi, R., Ray, S., Singh, V., Singh, H.B. (2016) Comprehensive approaches in plant disease management. In: Microbial Empowerment in Agriculture: A Key to Sustainability and Crop Productivity. Eds. B. K. Sarma, A. Singh. Biotech Books, New Delhi pp. 417-443.
18. Mishra, S., Singh, A., Keswani, C., Saxena, A., Sarma, B.K. and H.B. Singh. (2015). Harnessing plant-microbe interactions for enhanced protection against phytopathogens. In: Plant Microbe Symbiosis– Applied Facets. Ed. N.K. Arora. Springer India, pp.111-125.
19. Bisen, K., Keswani, C., Mishra, S., Saxena, A., Rakshit, A., Singh, H.B. (2015) Unrealized Potential of Seed Biopriming for Versatile Agriculture. In: Nutrient Use Efficiency: from Basics to Advances. Eds. A, Rakshit, H.B. Singh, A. Sen. Springer India, pp. 193-206.
20. Singh, H.B., Jain, A, Saxena, A., Singh, A., Keswani, C., Sarma, B.K. and S. Mishra. (2014). Deciphering the pathogenic behaviour of phytopathogens using molecular tools In: Biological Controls for Preventing Food Deterioration: Strategies for Pre-and Postharvest Management. Ed. Neeta Sharma. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, pp. 377-408.
21. Singh, H. B., Keswani, C., Ray, S. Yadav, S.K., Singh, S.P., Singh, S. and B.K. Sarma. (2014). Beauveria bassiana: biocontrol beyond Lepidopteran pests. In: Biocontrol of Lepidoteran Pests: Use of Soil Microbes and their Metabolites. Eds. K. Sowjanya Sree and Ajit Varma, Springer-Switzerland, pp. 219-235.
22. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-49724-2_4#citeas