Topics in cardiology

Coronary Artery Disease

• Definitions 

• Life's Essential 8

• Causes/Risk Factors

  • Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential

  • Long Noncoding RNAs in Atherosclerosis

  • Coronary Atherosclerosis

    • Plaque Definitions

    • High-Risk Plaque Features

    • Imaging Assessment of Plaque Regression

• Coronary Macro- and Microcirculation *

• CAD and Precision Medicine

• Ischemic Cascade and TCA Pathway

• Pretest Probability of CAD *

• Coronary Artery Aneurysm Phenotypes, Overview, and Management

Acute Coronary Syndromes

• Types and Classification of ACS

• Likelihood Signs/Symptoms Represent ACS Due to CAD

  • Risk Stratification Tools

• Causes of UA/NSTEMI, Presentations of UA, & CCS Class

• Algorithm/Management of NSTE-ACS in 2014 and Now (Europe)

  • Selection and Timing of an Invasive Strategy in NSTE-ACS

• Recommendations for Early Hospital Care for NSTE-ACS

• Myocardial Infarction: Evolution Over Time

• Pathobiology of Type 1 MI, Type 2 MI, Spectrum of Myocardial Injury, Interpret, and Other Types

• MINOCA

• Antithrombotic and Antiplatelet Treatment Overview in ACS 

• Mechanical Complications of ACS

• Post-MI Heart Failure Treatment and Trials with Changing Risk

P2Y12 Inhibitors

• Initial Choice of P2Y12 Inhibitor

• Switching Between Oral P2Y12 Inhibitors

• Pharmacologic Properties of P2Y12 Inhibitors

• Ticagrelor or Prasugrel in ACS

• Duration of DAPT in HBR Patients with ACS

• VKA/DOAC Trials in PCI Patients with AF, Tips, and Consensus

  • North American Strategy

  • European Strategy

• Pathogenic Mechanisms of Late/Very Late ST

INOCA 

• Myocardial Bridging

  • Diagnostic Imaging (Invasive vs Noninvasive) Modalities 

Other Factors

• Sleep Disordered Breathing

• Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea

Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Social Determinants of Health

• Social Determinants of Health

• Considerations For Diverse Patient Populations

• Factors To Consider When Evaluating Women With Chest Pain

Nonpharmacologic Therapies to Treat Coronary Artery Disease

• Exercise and Physical Activity

• Cardiac Rehabilitation (Phase 2)

• Food Choices To Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

Types and Causes of Heart Failure

• ACC/AHA Stages of Heart Failure and Trajectory

• Classification by LVEF

• Causes

  • Arrhythmia-Induced Cardiomyopathies

  • Causes of Acutely Decompensated HF

• Types

  • Cardiac Amyloidosis

    • Diagnostic Algorithm for Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis

  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

    • Morphological Subtypes of HCM

    • HCM Prognostic Profiles and LVOT Obstruction

    • Treatment Algorithm for HCM and SCD

  • Takotsubo Syndrome Triggers, Types, & Diagnostic Algorithm

Diagnostic Testing

• Cardiac F-18 FDG PET

• Clinical Assessment Predicts Outcomes in HF

• Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure (Treatment)

• Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient

• Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography

Pharmacologic Therapy for Systolic HF

• Initial and Target Doses of Systolic HF (HFrEF) Therapy

• ARNI Mode of Action

  • Outcomes with ARNI Treatment

  • When To Consider ARNI in HFrEF

• Beta-Blockers and Clinical Outcome by EF

• Diuretics in HF in 2022, Dose-Response Curve, Tips, and Resistance

• Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists

• Optimization of HF Therapy

• Magnitude of Benefit of HF Therapy

Nonpharmacologic/Device-Based Therapy for Systolic HF

• Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

• Additional Therapies Once GDMT Optimized

Advanced Heart Failure

• Evaluating a Patient With an LVAD

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

• Definition, Pathophysiology in Obesity, Phenotypic Spectrum, and Temporal Progression

• Scope of the Problem, and Mechanisms of Congestion and Hemodynamics

• Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic and Laboratory Evaluation, & Masqueraders

• Treatment

Heart Failure Hospitalization Pathway

• Commons Reasons for Residual Congestion

• Clinical Course/Trajectories of Heart Failure

  • Improving Towards Target

  • Stalled

  • Not Improved/Worsening

• Diuretic Therapy Based on Clinical Course

• Classification of Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure

• Clinical Trajectories and Implications for Treatment

• Discharge Checklist

Algorithm for Risk Stratification of OHCA 

Classification of Cardiogenic Shock

Detroit Cardiogenic Shock Initiative

Hemodynamic Presentations of Shock

Inotropic Agents

Nitroglycerin Use and Sodium Nitroprusside

Anesthetic Considerations

Functional Capacity

• Duke Activity Status Index

• Frailty Assessment Tools

Total Risk

• Surgery-Specific Risk (ESC Guidelines)

• Multivariate Risk Indices and Calculators

Stepwise Approach to Perioperative Cardiac Assessment

• Previous Approach (2014) and Alternative

• 2024 and European Approach

Specific Diseases

• Coronary Artery Disease

• Severe Aortic Stenosis

Summary of Recommendations

Acute Aortic Syndrome

• 3-Step Diagnostic Algorithm

• Differential Diagnosis By CT

• Summary

General Overview

• Etiology and Diagnostic Criteria for Pericarditis

• Diagnostic Workup of Pericardial Disease

• Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pericarditis

Treatments

• Acute Pericarditis (and Proposed Triage)

• Recurrent Pericarditis