Intelligence

• • Intelligence is the ability of process information such that it can be used to inform a future decision (7)

Human Intelligence

• • A mental quality that consists of the abilities to learn from experience, adapt to new situations, understand and handle abstract concepts, and use knowledge to manipulate one’s environment. (2)

Artificial Intelligence

• • Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable (1)

  • The ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings (3)

  • Science that focuses on building algorithms to process information such that they can inform future predictions (7)

  • Any technique that enables computers to mimic human behavior (7)

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. (31)

Weak AI (also called Narrow AI or Artificial Narrow Intelligence)

• • AI that is trained and focuses on one task (1)

Training Data

• • Type of data that builds up the machine learning model (32)

  • The sample of data that is used to train the machine learning model (33)

Validation Data

• • During the training of the machine learning model, validation data is new data input the model hasn’t evaluated before. Validation data provides the first test against unseen data, allowing to evaluate how well the algorithm already works (33)

Test Data

• • The sample of data used to provide an unbiased evaluation of a final model fit on the training dataset (32)

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

• • NLP is a branch of computer science and more specifically artificial intelligence (34)

  • NLP helps computers and machines to understand human language for further processing (34, 35)

Strong AI

• • Artificial General Intelligence: Theoretical form of AI where a machine would have equal intelligence with humans (1)

Artificial Super Intelligence

• • Machines surpass human intelligence and abilities (1)

Intelligent Augmentation (4)

• • Halfway between the entirely human and entirely automated capabilities (5)

  • The form of tools that can help improve the efficiency of human intelligence (6)

Machine Learning

• • Subset of AI that focuses on teaching an algorithm to learn from experiences without being explicitly programmed (7)

  • Systems acquiring knowledge by extracting patterns from raw data (14)

Deep Learning

• • Subfield of Machine Learning

  • “Deep” refers to multiple neural nets

  • Subset of machine learning that uses neural networks to automatically extract useful patterns in raw data and using these patterns or features to learn to perform that task (7)

  • A way of teaching an algorithm how to learn a task directly from data

Autoencoder

• • An autoencoder is the combination of an encoder function, which converts the input data into a different representation, and a decoder function, which converts the new representation back into the original format (14)

Perceptron

• • The perceptron is the structural building block of deep learning and every neural network

  • Consists of Input, Weights, Activation Functions and the resulting Output

  • The input is a number, output is probability

Single Layer Neural Network

• • One hidden layer between input and output, corresponding to a perceptron

Algorithm

• • An algorithm is a set of instructions for solving a problem or accomplishing a task (8)

Neural networks

• • Neural networks are mathematical models that use learning algorithms inspired by the brain to store information (9)

  • Neural networks are a class of algorithms loosely modelled on connections between neurons in the brain (10)

Convolutional Neural Net (CNN)

• • Similar to Neural networks

  • Convolutional neural nets make the assumption that the input is in form of a picture (11)

  • The convolutional layer is the building block of the CNN (input is data, a filter and a feature map)

Supercomputer

• • The term is commonly applied to the fastest high-performance systems available at any given time (12)

Software

• • Set of instructions that tell a computer what to do (12)

Supervised Learning

• • A field of machine learning that uses labeled data sets

Unsupervised Learning

• • A field of machine learning that uses unlabeled data sets

Wearables – Wearable technology

• • Wearable technology, “wearables”, is a category of electronic devices that can be worn as accessories, embedded in clothing or implanted (or tattooed) (15)

Health

• • Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (16)

  • The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition (16)

Healthcare

• • Health care is a fundamental human good because it affects our opportunity to pursue life goals, reduces our pain and suffering, helps prevent premature loss of life, and provides information needed to plan for our lives (17)

Health system

• • All the activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore or maintain health (18)

Diagnosis

• • The process of identifying a disease, condition, or injury from its signs and symptoms (19)

  • Diagnosis, the process of determining the nature of a disease or disorder and distinguishing it from other possible conditions. (20)

Therapy

• • Medical treatment of disease (21)

Proteomics

• • The term “proteomics” was first coined in 1995 and was defined as the large-scale characterization of the entire protein complement of a cell line, tissue, or organism (22)

Genomics

• • The study of the complete set of DNA (including all of its genes) in a person or other organism (23)

  • Genomics is the study of all of a person's genes (the genome), including interactions of those genes with each other and with the person's environment (24)

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

• • An Electronic Health Record (EHR) is an electronic version of a patient's medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that persons care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiology reports (25)

Electronic Medical Record (EMR)

• • An EMR contains the results of clinical and administrative encounters between a provider (physician, nurse, telephone triage nurse, and others) and a patient that occur during episodes of patient care

Digital Health (27)

• • The broad scope of digital health includes categories such as mobile health (mHealth), health information technology (IT), wearable devices, telehealth and telemedicine, and personalized medicine

  • Digital health technologies use computing platforms, connectivity, software, and sensors for health care and related uses

  • These technologies span a wide range of uses, from applications in general wellness to applications as a medical device

Medical Device (28)

• • An instrument, apparatus, implement, machine

  • Intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, in man or other animals, or

  • Intended to affect the structure or any function of the human body

Human centered design

• • Human-centered design is all about building a deep empathy with the people you're designing for (29)

  • Human-centered design is a practice where designers focus on system users’ human needs (30)