TRIBAL NATIONS
OF
TEXAS
Embedded Files
National Native American Heritage Month is celebrated in November to honor the culture, traditions, and achievements of Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and affiliated Island communities. It's also a time to recognize the contributions of Indigenous people to the establishment and growth of the United States.
Indigenous tribes inhabited what is now called TEXAS long before the first French explorers, Spanish missionaries, Mexican ranchers, and American settlers. Indigenous Texans developed unique cultures that utilized art, music, clothing, and tools. They traded with other Native American groups; they built large village complexes, ceremonial centers, and burial mounds; and, they also developed natural treatments for various illnesses (like Malaria), many of which were later adopted by Europeans. Above all, Indigenous Texans are most notable for their contribution of sustainable agriculture. They mastered cultivation of what was often referred to by the Spanish as Tres Hermanas (The Three Sisters): squash, maize (corn), and beans.
This National Native American Heritage Month, ACC Library Services would like to celebrate the many historical contributions of the TRIBAL NATIONS of TEXAS.
Historical Tribes of Texas
These are some of the tribes that have existed in what is now Texas. Many were forcibly removed to "Indian Territory," now Oklahoma, in the 19th century, and few to New Mexico or Louisiana. Others no longer exist as tribes but may have living descendants.
(Click a tribe to learn more)
Adai people, formerly eastern Texas
Apache people, western Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma
Lipan Apache, southwest
Salinero, formerly west
Teya, formerly Panhandle
Vaquero, also Querecho, formerly northwestern Texas, possible ancestral Apache people
Akokisa, formerly Galveston Bay, Gulf Coast
Bidai, formerly Trinity River, Gulf Coast
Deadose, formerly southeast
Patiri, formerly San Jacinto River
Biloxi, formerly Neches River in the 19th century, now Louisiana
Caddo, formerly eastern Texas, now Oklahoma
Cacachau, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma
Eyeish, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma
Hainai, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma
Kadohadacho, formerly northeast, now Oklahoma
Nabedache, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma
Nabiti, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma
Nacogdoche, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma
Nacono, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma
Nadaco, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma
Nanatsoho, formerly Red River, now Oklahoma
Nasoni (Upper), formerly Red River, now Oklahoma
Natchitoches, formerly Red River, now Oklahoma
Nechaui, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma
Neche, formerly eastern, now Oklahoma
Flag of the Comanche Nation
Comanche, formerly north and west, now Oklahoma
Coahuiltecan, formerly southern
Comecrudo, formerly southern
Ervipiame, formerly south and central Texas
Geier, formerly south central
Pajalat, formerly central
Pastia, formerly south-central
Payaya, formerly south-central
Quepano, formerly south-central
Unpuncliegut, formerly south coast
Xarame, formerly south-central
Dotchetonne, formerly northeastern
Escanjaque Indians, formerly north-central
Jumano, formerly southwestern
La Junta, formerly west
Karankawa, formerly south coast
Kiowa, formerly panhandle, now Oklahoma
Manso, formerly west
Quems, formerly southwest
Quicuchabe, formerly west
Suma, formerly west, joined Apaches
Teyas, Panhandle
Flag of the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes
Tonkawa, formerly southeast, now Oklahoma
Wichita, formerly north-central, now Oklahoma
Kichai, formerly north, now Oklahoma
Taovaya, formerly north in the 19th century, now Oklahoma
Tawakoni, formerly north and east in the 19th century, now Oklahoma
Waco, formerly north, now Oklahoma
Media Credits
Header image: Indian Women Moving, Charles M. Russell (1898) JSTOR
HISTORICAL TRIBES OF TEXAS: Native American tribes in Texas. (2024, October 30). In Wikipedia.
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