dir. Fritz Lang
Synopsis: In a futuristic city, the wealthy and powerful reside on the surface utopia while the slaved working class are left in the depths of the city, both classes living unaware of the other. This "first of it's kind" science-fiction centers around Freder (Gustav Froehlich), the pampered son of a ruthless businessman-dictator. Freder, who falls in love with a lower class woman named Maria (Brigitte Helm) from the subterranean layer of the city, becomes curious about life in the depths of the city and seeks information from Rotwang (Rudolf Klein-Rogge), a deranged genius familiar with the secrets of the lower city. Freder descends to the depths of the city and tries to help the working class people who are rallied by Maria. Meanwhile, Rotwang devises a plan to control the people of the lower class by putting Maria's face on a robot which he controls.
Metropolis provides commentary on the economical state of the world at the time it was produced, particularly on the prominent divide between social classes.
This film features the first example of the mad scientist archetype which would be featured in countless other films.
It was the most expensive movie ever made at the time of its release.
Metropolis (1927)
dir. F.W. Murnau
Nosferatu (1922)
Synopsis: In the town of Wisborg, a demented estate agent called Knock (Alexander Granach) sends his employee Hutter (Gustav von Wangenheim) to a remote Balkan castle on a mission to sell a vacant property opposite Hutter’s house to the mysterious Count Orlok (Max Schreck). In an inn, a book titled "Nosferatu" that warns of supernatural perils is left for Hutter by an unrevealed benefactor. The skeptical Hutter takes the book but ignores the advice. Orlok’s vampire nature soon becomes apparent, traumatising Hutter and unleashing terror upon Wisborg, much to Knock’s delight. Hutter’s wife Ellen (Greta Schröder) discovers the abandoned book and learns that she must sacrifice herself to end the terror.
Director of Nosferatu, F.W. Murnau, also directed other German Expressionist films such as Faust (1926) and The Haunted Castle (1921)
It was going to be a film based on Bram Stroker's "Dracula" but due to copyright laws, the story was tweaked and the characters were changed.
It established the vampire trope that vampires burn up in the sunlight
dir. Robert Wiene
Synopsis: The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari begins with Francis (Friedrich Fehér) recounting a horrific event in which his close friend, Alan (Hans Heinrich von Twardowski) was murdered. He believes the murderer to be the sleep-walking Cesare (Conrad Veidt) under the hypnotic control of Dr. Caligari (Werner Krauss). Dr. Caligari stores Cesare in a cabinet where he sleeps.
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari makes use of mise-en-scene with distorted sets and jerky movements from Cesare
It is often considered the first film released in the German Expressionist movement
This film features an anti-authoritarian message which reflects the geopolitical climate of the world when it was released
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)