A polyatomic ion contains more than one atom, even if these atoms consist of the same element. For example, O2– is a polyatomic ion (more accurately, a diatomic ion).
The oxidation state, or oxidation number, is a positive or negative number assigned to each atom that indicates how many electrons have been gained or lost by the atom. The charge on an atom’s ion is determined by its oxidation state.
Transition metals form ions with variable oxidation states. To identify the oxidation state of transition metal ions, the names of the ions include a Roman numeral in parentheses after the element name, such as iron(II). The Roman numeral specifies the oxidation state of the ion.