Ottoman Empire

Mimar Sinan

• "Kodja Mimar Sinan." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631006078/WHIC?u=mlin_w_amherhs&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=9eb89312. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025. 

• "Sinan." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Apr. 2024. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Fschool.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Fhigh%2Farticle%2FSinan%2F67893&ebboatid=328921. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025. 

Suleiman I

• Streissguth, Tom. "Suleiman (1494–1566)." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of The Renaissance, edited by Konrad Eisenbichler, Greenhaven Press, 2008, pp. 296-297. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3205500293/WHIC?u=mlin_w_amherhs&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=0ccbad9d. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025. 

• "Suleiman, I." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631006332/WHIC?u=mlin_w_amherhs&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=7965effd. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025. 

• "Süleyman the Magnificent." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 18 Feb. 2025. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Fschool.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Fhigh%2Farticle%2FS%25C3%25BCleyman-the-Magnificent%2F70229&ebboatid=328921. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025. 

Ahmed Nedim

• "Ahmed Nedim." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 28 Mar. 2024. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Fschool.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Fhigh%2Farticle%2FAhmed-Nedim%2F55164&ebboatid=328921. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025. 

Taqi al-Din (ibn Taymiyya)

• "Ibn Taymiyyah." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 14 Mar. 2024. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Fschool.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Fhigh%2Farticle%2FIbn-Taymiyyah%2F41931&ebboatid=328921. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025. 

• Pavlin, James. "Ibn Taymiyya (1263–1328)." Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World, edited by Richard C. Martin, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2004, pp. 338-339. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3403500213/WHIC?u=mlin_w_amherhs&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=b018204e. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025. 

Mehmed II

• "Mehmed II." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 13 Feb. 2025. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Fschool.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Fhigh%2Farticle%2FMehmed-II%2F51804&ebboatid=328921. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025. 

• "Mehmed, II, The Conqueror." Historic World Leaders, edited by Anne Commire, Gale, 1994. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1616000413/WHIC?u=mlin_w_amherhs&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=2bb4973a. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025. 

Siege of Constantinople

• Cartwright, Mark, and Dirk D. “1453: The Fall of Constantinople.” World History Encyclopedia, Oct. 2025, www.worldhistory.org/article/1180/1453-the-fall-of-constantinople. 

• "Fall of Constantinople." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 6 Apr. 2020. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Fschool.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Fhigh%2Farticle%2FFall-of-Constantinople%2F631546&ebboatid=328921. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025.