Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, Konami
Video games have long served as a global medium, seamlessly blending cultural influences to craft compelling narratives and captivating gameplay experiences. Since the late 1970s, Japan has played a pivotal role in shaping the modern gaming industry, producing titles that have won the hearts of audiences worldwide. Over the decades, many Japanese video games and developers have risen to prominence, incorporating Western characters, locations, and themes as part of their storytelling and world-building, further enhancing their international appeal. Some of the Japanese developers/publishers that have represented Western culture in their video games are Square Enix, Capcom, and FromSoftware to name a few.
Final Fantasy, Kingdom of Cornelia
Final Fantasy is widely considered Square Enix's flagship title, and since its inception, Final Fantasy has been strongly influenced by Western culture from design, fashion, architecture, and environments. One of the most apparent Western influences is the architectural and geographical design of Final Fantasy worlds. Cities such as Deling City in Final Fantasy VIII is clearly based on Paris, France, while Lindblum in Final Fantasy IX clearly communicate a European steampunk aesthetic and the Victorian era.
The influence extends to character and narrative elements as well. The series frequently incorporates knights, kings, and political intrigue reminiscent of Western medieval traditions. Many protagonists and antagonists draw comparisons to figures from Western mythology and literature.
The fashion of characters with the Final Fantasy series is also strongly influenced by Western culture. Character design in Final Fantasy VII Rebirth feature fashion inspired by Western military attire, to Western street ware, to European elegance. For example, Barret Wallace's design heavily reflects that of an American action hero, with his muscular build, tactical vest, and heavy duty accessories.
Final Fantasy VII Rebirth, Characters left to right: Aerith Gainsborough, Barret Wallace, Cloud Strife, Tifa Lockhart
"Capcom Characters," Google Search
Capcom stands as one of the most influential game developers in the industry, renowned for creating some of the most iconic and successful franchises in gaming history. Its titles span a diverse range of genres, featuring hundreds of unique characters drawn not only from Japanese and Western influences but from cultures across the globe. Many of these beloved characters have transcended their original games to become enduring symbols of pop culture, recognized by players worldwide and cementing their place in gaming history.
Leon S. Kennedy is a central character in Capcom's horror game series, Resident Evil, appearing in multiple titles, the first of which was Resident Evil 2 (1998). Leon is an American rookie police officer who is caught in the chaos of a zombie outbreak in Raccoon City. Over time, he evolves into a highly skilled government agent, specializing in counter-bioterrorism efforts. Leon's design is inspired by American tactical forces, and Resident Evil as a series has drawn many inspirations from Western cultures including locations, characters, and monsters in their games.
Dante is a half-human, half-demon mercenary, and the primary protagonist of Capcom's action-adventure game series, Devil May Cry. Dante's original character design was based on a British man with Italian heritage, but over the years many have argued American influences as well. Although the Devil May Cry titles take on a comedic and self-aware tone, they feature many references to Christian demonology and other Western mythologies in characters, locations, and enemies.
Phoenix Wright is a Japanese-American defense attorney and the main protagonist of most of Capcom’s investigative visual novel game series, Ace Attorney. Although his cases are set in a world inspired by Japanese legal proceedings, the Western localization adds elements of American law and culture, making the game feel familiar to players outside Japan. Throughout the series, Phoenix embodies the classic underdog hero trope seen in many Western narratives, starting as a rookie attorney and proving himself. His character also draws inspiration from Western legal dramas, with dramatic courtroom showdowns and cinematic storytelling reminiscent of Hollywood legal thrillers.
Capcom's fighting game series, Street Fighter, is one of the most widely renowned game franchises in the world. The series is known for its vast roster of iconic fighters, each with unique moves, special abilities, and rich backstories. With every character having their own backstory, inspiration was drawn from cultures all over the world.
Capcom's action role-playing game series, Monster Hunter, is known for its engaging progression system, and wide variety of unique weapons and monsters to hunt. There have been hundreds of unique monsters across each title, all special in their design and inspiration. Two of which featured in Monster Hunter World: Iceborne, Fatalis and Alatreon, were inspired by the traditional Western-European dragons of fairy tales and folk lore.
Street Fighter 6, Character Roster
Elden Ring, Cover Art
FromSoftware is known for its challenging and atmospheric action RPGs. FromSoft's Soulsborne series is its most popular, and each game features extensive worldbuilding, immersive storytelling, and deep lore. Every Soulsborne game draws on inspiration from Western cultures in their monster and enemy design, locations and architecture, story and world, and armor and weapon design.
Bloodborne's monsters are based on Lovecraftian horrors which fit in with the Victorian Gothic setting of the game, inspired by the novel Dracula, and the architecture of locations in Romania and the Czech Republic
Anor Londo is a breathtaking city featured in both Dark Souls and Dark Souls III. Anor Londo's grand appearance and use of Gothic architecture were inspired by Il Duomo cathedral in Milan, Italy, a building renowned for its intricacy, detail, and beauty.
Queen Marika and the Golden Order of Elden Ring are a religious power that is heavily inspired by Christianity as portrayed in Dante's Inferno. Throughout the Land's Between, other allusions to Christianity can be observed as well as allusions to other religions. Most notably the parallel to Norse and Celtic mythos in the Mountaintop of the Giants location.
Inspiration for armor designs in every Soulsborne game is drawn from Western culture and history. Considering the setting of the Dark Souls, Demon Souls, and Elden Ring games, the most prominent inspiration is that of medieval knights and soldiers of both Western and Eastern-European countries.
Capcom USA. (n.d.). Capcom USA. https://www.capcomusa.com/
The official SQUARE ENIX website. (n.d.). https://www.square-enix-games.com/en_US/home
FromSoftware, Inc. (n.d.). https://www.fromsoftware.jp/ww/index.html
Fandom, culture, and videogames: Analyzing what makes a successful videogame franchise through final Fantasy - ProQuest. (n.d.). https://www.proquest.com/docview/2890694188?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses
Carpenter, G. R. (2024, April 10). Character design in video games; an examination of its role in contemporary culture. Figshare. https://illustro-iadt.figshare.com/articles/thesis/Character_design_in_video_games_an_examination_of_its_role_in_contemporary_culture/25406872?file=45031243