Learn with us

Dr. Ruiz' Research

Overview

I pursue a program of research broadly investigating psychosocial influences on health, with focal work in stress influences on cardiovascular disease risk as well as sociocultural aspects of racial/ethnic health disparities, particularly Hispanic/Latino physical health. At the University of Arizona I am the Director of the Social Risk and Resilience Factors (SuRRF) lab. The SuRRF lab largely focuses on testing biobehavioral pathways with an emphasis on measurement of acute cardiovascular responses including assessment of blood pressure and autonomic determinants of cardiovascular responses. I am a firm believer in team science and regularly collaborate with colleagues within and outside the University of Arizona.

Conceptual Framework: An Interpersonal Approach to Risk and Resilience

My conceptual framework is rooted in interpersonal theory and I have relied on methods and models from this approach to develop a program of research testing how our social lives may constitute an influential risk factor for disease. My general research program is focused on how individual psychological factors motivate patterns of social behavior which moderate interpersonal experience and health-relevant biobehavioral responses. Importantly, interpersonal interactions are transactional in that the behavior of one person influences the response of others. Much of my research tests transactional dynamics and their effects on acute physiological responses. This conceptual framework is evident in 2 major lines of work described below

Social Vigilance as a Biobehavioral Risk Variable

Social vigilance refers to an evaluation process by which the person appraises potential threats in their environment. For example, let’s say that you are waiting at a bus stop with several other people. Someone smiles at you, another reads a book while a third looks at you without smiling but looks away when you peer in their direction. You are likely to keep an eye on the third person to evaluate whether they are indeed a threat or not. This excess watchful attention is social vigilance. People engage in vigilance for a several reasons. First, some social environments demand one to engage in more vigilant behavior. Examples include living in a dangerous neighborhood or hostile work environments. Second, some social roles such as caregiving or working in security careers demand vigilance for problems or threats. And third, people who perceive the world as more threatening, who feel stigmatized or discriminated against, or those who feel vulnerable for whatever reason are more likely to engage in social vigilance.

Why is vigilance an important behavior to study? To begin, people in all these circumstances and groups tend to develop stress-related diseases at a faster rate than those who have less of those characteristics or who are not in those circumstances. However, there are relatively few clues as to why those relationships occur. Contemporary psychosocial risk factor research has concentrated on specific negative events (arguments, angry episodes, etc.). However, those states may simply be the rare end results of more frequent vigilant behaviors. Although some vigilance experiences may lead to conflict, others which do not but may still be important. Research in our lab has demonstrated that vigilant behavior produces the same physiological changes hypothesized to mediate the relationship between experiences of conflict and disease. Moreover, vigilant behavior may invite greater likelihood of conflict through proactive defensive posturing which may antagonize an otherwise benign social target. We are currently running a series of survey, laboratory, ambulatory, and longitudinal investigations examining potential relationships between social vigilance and health.

Hispanic/Latino Health: Disparities and Advantages

A second major line of work in my lab is focused on understanding and improving Hispanic/Latino health. Like other underrepresented racial/ethnic minorities, Latinos experience a disproportionate burden of low SES, poor access to care, and discrimination. Latinos are often at greater risk of exposure to communicable diseases and have undiagnosed or poorly managed disease. These factors add up to significant disparities in risk which needs to be more clearly identified and intervened upon.

Surprisingly, Latinos tend to experience better health and live longer than most non-Hispanics including non-Hispanic Whites; an epidemiological phenomenon commonly referred to as the Hispanic or Latino mortality paradox. Work in our lab has helped to advance understanding of this health resilience including validating the mortality finding, demonstrating the breadth of health effects, and advancing theories regarding the nature of such resilience. In several recent papers we’ve highlighted the potential role of culture as a moderator of social integration as a key determinant of disease resilience, progression, and survival. Our current work includes studies of state and national hospital utilization trends, community studies of stress processes, and laboratory studies of acute physiological mechanisms. This is an exciting area of work with opportunities to learn and inform the study of health resilience.

Publications

EDITED SPECIAL ISSUES

Ruiz, J. M., & Brondolo, E. (2016). Co-edited Special Issue of Health Psychology. Disparities in Cardiovascular Health. Health Psychology, 35(4). April.

Ruiz, J. M. (2016). Special Issue of Journal of Latina/o Psychology. Latino Physical Health: Disparities, Paradoxes, and Future Directions. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 4(2). May.

PUBLICATIONS In Press and Published:

Verhougstraete, M., Hermanski, A. R., Ruiz, J. M., McClelland, J., Pearce, J. (In press). The effects of blue spaces on mental health and biomarkers. International Journal of Mental Health.

Stickel, A. M., McKinnon, A. C., Matijevic, S., Grilli, M. D., Ruiz, J. M., & Ryan, L. (2021) Apolipoprotein E4 allele-based differences in brain volumes are largely uniform across late middle aged and older Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic/Latino Whites without dementia. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ; https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.627322

Flores, M., Ruiz, J. M., Butler, E. A., & Sbarra, D. A., (in press) Hispanic ethnic density may be protective for older Black/African American and non-Hispanic White populations for some health conditions: An exploration of support and neighborhood mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine.

Flores, M., Ruiz, J. M., Butler, E. A., Sbarra, D. A., Garcia, D. O., ..., & Thomson C. A., (in press). Does the Hispanic mortality advantage vary by marital status among post-menopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative? Annals of Behavioral Medicine.

Ghani, S., Delgadillo, M., Granados, K., Okuagu, A., Alfonso-Miller, P., Buxton, O., Patel, S., Ruiz, J. M., Parthasarathy, S., Haynes, P., Molina, P., Seixas, A., Williams, N. J., Jean-Louis, G., & Grandner, M. (2020). Acculturation associated with sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep disorders at the U.S.-Mexico border. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7138; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197138

Ruiz, J. M., & Revenson, T. A. (2020). Behavioral medicine in the COVID-19 era: Dawn of the golden age. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 54 (8), 541-543. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa057

Scheier, M. F., Swanson, J. D., Barlow, M. A., Greenhouse, J. B., and Tindle, H. A. for the Optimism/Pessimism Meta-Analytic Consortium (Abatemarco, D., Abdou, C., . . . . xxxx, x., x., . . . . Yi-Frazier, J. and Ylöstalo, P). (2020). Optimism Versus Pessimism as Predictors of Physical Health: A Comprehensive Reanalysis of Dispositional Optimism Research. American Psychologist.

Felt, J. M., Russell, M. A., Ruiz, J. M., Johnson, J. A., Uchino, B. N., Allison, M., Smith, T. W., Taylor, D. J., Ahn, C., & Smyth, J. M. (2020). A multimethod approach examining the relative contributions of optimism and pessimism to cardiovascular disease risk markers. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-020-00133-6

Hirai, M., Charak, R., Seligman, L.D., Hovey, J.D., Ruiz, J.M., & Smith, T.W. (2020). An association between perceived social support and posttraumatic stress symptom severity among women with lifetime sexual victimization: the serial mediating role of resilience and coping. Violence Against Women. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801219892645

Stickel, A. McKinnon, A., Ruiz, J. M., Grilli, M. D., & Ryan, L. (2019). The impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cognition in Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. Learning and Memory, 26, 235-244. https://doi: 10.1101/lm.048470.118

Valdez, L. A., Garcia, D. O., Ruiz, J. M., Oren, E., & Carvajal, S. (2019). Understanding social and cultural contexts of alcohol misuse in Mexican-origin men. Health Education and Behavior, 46(4), 648–655. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119826212

Perez, L. G., Ruiz, J. M., Berrigan, D. (2019). Neighborhood environmental perceptions among Latinos in the US. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, pii: E3062 doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173062.

Doyle, C.Y., Ruiz, J. M., Taylor, D. J., Smyth, J. M., Flores, M., Dietch, J., Ahn, C., Allison, M., Smith, T. W., & Uchino, B. N. (2019). Associations between objective sleep and ambulatory blood pressure in a community sample. Psychosomatic Medicine, 81, 545-556.

Knowles, L. M., Ruiz, J. M., & O’Connor, M. F. (2019). A systematic review of the association between bereavement and biomarkers of immune function. Psychosomatic Medicine, 81, 415-433.

Flores, M., Ruiz, J. M., Goans, C., Butler, E. A., Hirai, M., Uchino, B. N., & Smith, T. W. (2019). Racial-ethnic differences in social networks and perceived support: measurement considerations, and implications for disparities research. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 26(2), 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000283

Ruiz, J. M., and France, C. R. (2019). Introduction to the special section: behavioral medicine at 40: origins, achievements, and future directions. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 42, 1-4.

Van Tongeren, D. R., Hook, J. N., Ramos, M. J., Edwards, M., Worthington, E. L., Jr., Davis, D. E., Ruiz, J. M., Reid, C. A., Garthe, R. C., Nonterah, C. W., Cowden, R. G., Opare-Henaku, A., Connelly, R., Omoruyi, O., Nkomo, T. S., Osae-Larbi, J. A. (2019). The complementarity of humility hypothesis: Individual, relational, and physiological effects of mutually humble partners. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14, 178-187. 10.1080/17439760.2017.1388433

Bourassa, K. J., Ruiz, J. M., & Sbarra, D. A. (2019). The impact of physical proximity and attachment working models on cardiovascular reactivity: Comparing mental activation and romantic partner presence. Psychophysiology, 56, e13324. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13324

Bourassa, K. J., Ruiz, J. M., Sbarra, D. A., Kaciroti, N., & Harburg, E. (2019). Mismatch in spouses’ anger-coping response styles and risk of early mortality: a 32 year follow-up study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 81, 26-33.

Bourassa, K. J., Ruiz, J. M., & Sbarra, D. A. (2018). Smoking and physical activity explain the increased mortality risk following marital separation and divorce: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Annals of Behavioral Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kay038

Valdez, L. A., Garcia, D. O., Ruiz, J. M., Oren, E., & Carvajal, S. (2018). Exploring Structural, Sociocultural, and Individual Barriers to Alcohol Abuse Treatment Among Hispanic Men. American Journal of Men’s Health, 12, 1948-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318790882

Ruiz, J. M., Steffen, P., Doyle, C. Y., Flores, M. A., Price, S. N. (In Press). Socioeconomic status and health. In T. Revenson and R. Gurung (Eds)., Handbook of Health Psychology, 3rd edition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ.

Ruiz, J. M., Doyle, C. Y., Flores, M. A., Price, S. N. (In Press). Gender and racial/ethnic differences in CVD risk: behavioral and psychosocial risk and resilience. In J. Mehta and J. McSweeney (Eds.), Gender Differences in the Pathogenesis and Management of Heart Disease. New York: Springer.

Valdez, L. A., Flores, M., Garcia, D. O., Ruiz, J. M., Oren, E., & Carvajal, S. (2018). Gender and cultural adaptations for diversity: a systematic review of alcohol and substance abuse interventions for Latino males. Substance use and misuse, 53, 1608-1623.

Ruiz, J. M., Sbarra, D., & Steffen, P. (2018). The impact of the Hispanic paradox on stress psychophysiology: a review with conceptual considerations and a call for research. International Journal of Psychophysiology.

Hernandez, R., Gonzalez, H. M., Tarraf, W., Moskowitz, J. T., Carnethon, M. R., Gallo, L. C., Penedo, F. J., Isasi, C. R., Ruiz, J. M., Arguelles, W., Buelna, C., Davis, S., Gonzalez, F., McCurley, J. L., Wu, D., & Daviglus, M. L. (2018). The association of disposition optimism and life’s simple 7’s cardiovascular health index: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) sociocultural ancillary study (SCAS). BMJ Open.

Van Tongeren, D. R., Hook, J. N., Ramos, M. J., Edwards, M., Worthington, E. L., Jr., Davis, D. E., Ruiz, J. M., Reid, C. A., Garthe, R. C., Nonterah, C. W., Cowden, R. G., Opare-Henaku, A., Connelly, R., Omoruyi, O., Nkomo, T. S., Osae-Larbi, J. A. (2017). The complementarity of humility hypothesis: Individual, relational, and physiological effects of mutually humble partners. The Journal of Positive Psychology.

Dietch, J. J., Taylor, D. J., Uchino, B. N., Smith, T. W., Allison, M., Ahn, C., Johnson, J., Smyth, J. M. & Ruiz, J. M. (2017). Gender and racial/ethnic differences in sleep duration in the North Texas Heart Study. Sleep Health, 3, 324-327.

Ruiz, J. M., Taylor, D. J., Uchino, B. N., Smith, T. W., Allison, M., Ahn, C., Johnson, J., & Smyth, J. M. (2017). Evaluating the longitudinal risk of social vigilance on atherosclerosis: Study protocol for the North Texas Heart Study. BMJ Open. 0:e017345. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017345

Zawadzki, M., Smyth, J. M., Sliwinski, M. J., Ruiz, J. M., & Gerin, W. (2017). Revisiting the Lack of Association between Affect and Physiology: Contrasting Between-Person and Within-Person Analyses. Health Psychology, 36, 811-818.

Ruiz, J. M., *Garcia, J. J., & Prather, C. C. (2017). Cardiovascular disease: psychological and behavioral factors. In A. E. Wenzel, D. G. Friedman-Wheeler, and E. Flannery-Schroeder (Eds), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology. Sage: CA

Ruiz, J. M. & *Goans, C. (2017). Hostility and health. In A. E. Wenzel, D. G. Friedman-Wheeler, and E. Flannery-Schroeder (Eds), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology. Sage: CA

Hook, J. N., Boan, D., Davis, D. E., Aten, J. D., Ruiz, J. M., & Maryon, T. (2016). Cultural humility and hospital safety culture. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. DOI 10.1007/s10880-016-9741-x

Smith, T. W., Williams, P. G., & Ruiz, J. M. (2016). Clinical health psychology. In J. C. Norcross, G. R. VandenBox, and D. K., Freedheim (Eds), APA Handbook of Clinical Psychology, Volume I. Clinical Psychology: Roots and Branches. American Psychological Association; Washington, DC.

Ruiz, J. M., Hamann, H. H., O’Connor, M. F., & Mehl, M. (2016). The Hispanic Health Paradox: From Epidemiological Phenomenon to Contribution Opportunities for Psychological Science. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 19, 462-476.

Balfour, P. C. Jr., Ruiz, J. M., Talavera, G. A., Allison, M. A., & Rodriguez, C. J. (2016). Cardiovascular disease in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 4, 98-11

Ruiz, J. M., Campos, B., & Garcia, J. J. (2016). Introduction to the Special Issue Latino physical health: disparities, paradoxes, and future directions. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 4, 61-66.

Ruiz, J. M., & Brondolo, E. (2016). Introduction to the Special Issue disparities in cardiovascular disease risk: examining contributions of social and behavioral factors. Health Psychology, 35(4), 309-312.

Uchino, B.N., Ruiz, J.M., Smith, T.W., Smyth, J.M., Taylor, D.J., Allison, M., & Ahn, C. (2016). Ethnic/Racial differences in the association between social support and levels of C-reactive proteins in the North Texas Heart Study. Psychophysiology, 53(1), 64-70.

Heffel, C. Riggs, S., Ruiz, J., & Ruggles, M. (2015). The aftermath of a suicide cluster in the age of online social networking: a qualitative analysis of adolescent grief reactions. Contemporary School Psychology, 19(4), 286-299.

Uchino, B. M., Ruiz, J. M., Smith, T. W., Smyth, J. M., Taylor, D. J., Allison, M., & Ahn, C. (2015). The strength of family ties: perceptions of network relationship quality and levels of c-reactive proteins in the North Texas Heart Study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49(5), 776-781.

Pruitt, S. L., Lee, S. C., Tiro, J., Xuan, L., Ruiz, J. M., & Inrig, S. (2015). Residential racial segregation and mortality among Black White, and Hispanic urban breast cancer patients in Texas, 1995-2009. Cancer, 121(11), 1845-1855.

*Marczyk, K. D., Taylor, D. J., Petrie, T., Martin, S., Greenleaf, C., *Dietch, J. R., & Ruiz, J. M. (2015). Adolescent sleep disparities: gender and racial/ethnic differences. Sleep Health, 1, 36-39.

*Farrell, J. E., Hook, J. N., *Ramos, M., Davis, D. E., Van Tongeren, D. R., & Ruiz, J. M. (2015). Humility and relationship outcomes in couples: the mediating role of commitment. Couple and Family Psychology, 4, 14-26.

Ruiz, J. M., Hamann, H. A., *Garcia, J. J., & Craddock Lee, S. J. (2014). The psychology of health: physical health and the role of culture and behavior in Mexican Americans. In Y. Caldera and E. Lindsey (Eds.), Handbook of Mexican American Children and Families: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Routledge Press.

*Jordan, K., Masters, K. S., *Hooker, S. A., Ruiz, J. M., Smith, T. W. (2014). An interpersonal approach to religiousness and spirituality: Implications for health and well-being. Journal of Personality, 82, 418-431.

Ruiz, J. M., Hamann, H. A., Lewis, S., Prather, C. C., Garcia, J. J., & Santini, N. O. (2014). Racial/ethnic differences in 12-month in-hospital survival and hospital utilization trends: Evidence for a Hispanic survival and recovery advantage. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 2, 92-102.

Ruiz, J. M., Gallardo, M. E., & Delgado-Romero, E. (2013). Latinas/os and Immigration Reform: A Commentary to, “Crossroads: The Psychology of Immigration in the New Century” – The Report of the APA Presidential Task Force on Immigration. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 1, 149-154.

Smith, T. W., Ruiz, J. M., *Cundiff, J. M., Baron, K. G., Nealey-Moore, J. B. (2013). Optimism and pessimism in social contexts: An interpersonal perspective on resilience and risk. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 553-562

Ruiz, J. M., Steffen, P., & Smith, T. B. (2013). The Hispanic mortality paradox: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the longitudinal literature. American Journal of Public Health, 103, e1-e9.

Ruiz, J. M., *Garza, M., & *Smith, L. M. (2012). Latino health. In M. D. Gellman and J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer: New York, NY.

Ruiz, J. M., *Prather, C. C., & *Kauffman, E. E. (2012). Social support and health. In M. D. Gellman and J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer: New York, NY.

Ruiz, J. M., Steffen, P., & *Prather, C. C. (2012). Socioeconomic status and health. In A. Baum, T. A. Revenson, and J. E. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of Health Psychology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ.

Ruiz, J. M., & Steffen, P. (2011). Latino Health. In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Health Psychology. Oxford University Press: New York.

*Hutchinson, J. G., & Ruiz, J. M. (2011). Neuroticism and cardiovascular response in women: Evidence of effects on blood pressure recovery. Journal of Personality, 29, 277-302.

*Terrill, A. L., Ruiz, J. M., & Garofalo, J. P. (2010). Look on the Bright Side: Do the benefits of Optimism Depend on the Social Nature of the Stressor? Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 399-414.

Uchino, B. N., Ruiz, J. M., & Holt-Lunstad, J. (2009). Stress. In D. Sanders and K. R. Scherer (Eds.), Oxford Companion to Emotion and Affective Sciences. New York University Press.

Ruiz, J. M., *Hutchinson, J. G., & *Terrill, A. (2008). For better and worse: Social influences on coronary heart disease. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 1400-1414.

Hamann, H. A., Smith, T. W., Smith, K. R., Ruiz, J. M., Kircher, J. C., & Botkin, J. R. (2008). Interpersonal responses among sibling dyads tested for BRCA1BRCA2 gene mutations. Health Psychology, 27, 100-109.

Smith, J. L., & Ruiz, J. M. (2007). Interpersonal orientation in context: Interpersonal Circumplex and Five-Factor Model Correlates and Effects of Social Match and Mismatch on Intrinsic Motivation and Cardiovascular Responses. Journal of Personality, 75, 679-708.

Ruiz, J. M., Hamann, H. A., Coyne, J, & Compare, A. (2006). In sickness and in health: Interpersonal risk and resilience in cardiovascular disease. In E. Molinari, A. Compare, and G. Parati (Eds.), Clinical psychology and heart disease. (pp. 233-272). Springer: New York.

Compare, A., Molinari, E., Ruiz, J. M., Hamann, H. A., & Coyne, J. (2006). Relazione di coppia e fattori rischio in pasienti cardiopaticia. In, E. Molinari, A. Compare, and G. Parati (Eds.), Mente & Cuore. Clinica psicologica della malattia cardiaca. Springer: New York.

Ruiz, J. M., Matthews, K. A., Scheier, M. F., & Schulz, R. (2006). Does whom you marry matter for your health? Influence of Patient’s and Spouse’s Personality on their Partner’s Psychological Well-being Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 91, 255-267.

Ruiz, J. M., Uchino, B. N, & Smith, T. W. (2006). Hostility and Sex differences in the magnitude, duration, and determinants of heart rate responses to forehead cold pressor: Parasympathetic aspects of risk. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 60, 274-283.

Smith, T. W., Glazer, K., Ruiz, J. M., & Gallo, L. C. (2004). Hostility, anger, aggressiveness and coronary heart disease: An interpersonal perspective on personality, emotion, and health. Journal of Personality, 72, 1217-1270.

Smith, T. W., Ruiz, J. M., & Uchino, B. N. (2004). Mental activation of supportive ties, hostility, and cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stress in young men and women. Health Psychology, 23, 476-485.

Ruiz, J. M. (2004). Hostility and Health. In A. Christensen, R. Martin, and J. Smyth (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Health Psychology. Plenum.

Ruiz, J. M. (2004). The Cook-Medley Hostility Scale: Psychometrics and Applications in the Study of Health and Disease. In A. Christensen, R. Martin, and J. Smyth (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Health Psychology. Plenum.

Smith, T. W., & Ruiz, J. M. (2004). Personality theory and research in the study of health and behavior. In T. J. Bell (Series Ed.) R. G. Frank, A. Baum, and J. Wallander (Volume Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Health Psychology (Vol 3; pp. 143-199). American Psychological Association; Washington, DC.

Smith, T. W., Gallo, L. C., & Ruiz, J. M. (2003). Toward a social psychophysiology of cardiovascular reactivity: Interpersonal concepts and methods in the study of stress and coronary disease. In J. Suls and K. Wallston (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of health and illness (pp. 335-366). Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Gallo, L. C., Smith, T. W., & Ruiz, J. M. (2003). An interpersonal analysis of the association between attachment and developmental interpersonal experiences, self-representations and personality attributes in adulthood. Journal of Personality, 71, 141-181.

Smith, T. W., & Ruiz, J. M. (2002). Psychosocial influences on the development and course of coronary heart disease: Current status and implications for research and practice. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 548-568.

Smith, T. W., & Ruiz, J. M. (2002). Psychosocial factors in the management of coronary heart disease. In A. Christensen and M. Antoni (Eds.), Chronic physical disorders: Behavioral medicine’s perspective (pp.83-111). Blackwell Publishing, UK.

Ruiz, J. M., Smith, T. W., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Distinguishing narcissism and hostility: Similarities and differences in interpersonal circumplex and five-factor correlates. Journal of Personality Assessment, 76, 537-555.

Smith, T. W., Ruiz, J. M., & Uchino, B. N. (2000). Vigilance, incentive, and cardiovascular reactivity in social interactions. Health Psychology, 19, 382-392.

Benight, C. C., Freyaldenhoven, R., Hughes, J., Ruiz, J. M., Zoesche, T. A., Lovallo, W., & Nixon, S. J. (2000). Coping self-efficacy and psychological distress following the Oklahoma City Bombing: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 1331-1344.

Smith, T.W., & Ruiz, J. M. (1999). Methodological issues in adult health psychology. In P.C. Kendall, J.N. Butcher, and G.N. Holmbeck (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology. John Wiley & Sons, NY.

Page updated

Report abuse