Matter and Energy — Students explore solids, liquids, and gases, learn about physical and chemical properties, observe signs of chemical changes, and practice using density to identify materials.

Force and Motion — Students discover how different forces like gravity and friction affect objects, understand how net force works, learn about Newton’s laws, explore potential and kinetic energy, and study how waves move.

Earth and Space — Students investigate what causes seasons and tides, examine Earth’s layers and spheres, learn about different types of rocks, and discuss why managing natural resources is important.

Organisms and Environments — Students study living and nonliving parts of ecosystems, learn how organisms interact, understand levels of ecological organization, and are introduced to the basics of cell theory.

Key Science Skills — Throughout the year, students practice recognizing patterns, exploring cause and effect, thinking about scale and proportion, understanding systems, following how energy and matter move, and connecting structure with function.