Highlights
Ankle muscle strength and force steadiness are linked to gait variability in Parkinson's disease.
Weak ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion increase gait variability in Parkinson's disease.
Enhanced ankle strength could reduce fall risk and improve walking stability in persons with Parkinson's disease.
Highlights:
Physical activity is crucial for managing Parkinson's disease symptoms, with participants adapting PA routines during COVID-19 to maintain symptom control.
Social isolation during the pandemic increased depression, highlighting the importance of social support and connections in improving quality of life.
Future physical activity programs should prioritise psychological needs and foster social interaction, particularly in resource-limited rural areas, to ensure sustained participation and improved well-being.
Highlights:
Changes throughout the central nervous system may predispose individuals for subsequent musculoskeletal injury, especially in the case of ligament sprains; therefore, rehabilitation strategies should aim to restore typical neural activation.
In addition to typical sensory and motor interventions, clinicians could use motor learning strategies and brain stimulation to encourage integration and improve automatic movement in the treatment of ligament injury.
Affective interventions can easily be incorporated to enhance readiness for return to activity and should be further investigated in patients with musculoskeletal injury.
Highlights:
Thermal and hypoxic stressors at high altitudes create competing and modified physiological responses.
Research on multistressor environments is limited, especially regarding sex-specific physiological responses.
Better understanding of these responses is needed to improve guidance for women in high-altitude activities.
Highlights:
Sham tDCS, when combined with complex walking practice, may enhance walking performance gains more than both active tDCS and no tDCS.
Active tDCS may improve the retention of walking performance gains over time compared to no tDCS.
Additional studies with larger sample sizes and multiple sessions are needed to clarify the benefits of prefrontal tDCS on complex walking performance in older adults.
Highlights:
Poorer foot somatosensation in older adults is linked to increased prefrontal cortex activity during walking.
Greater prefrontal activity during obstacle negotiation is associated with faster walking speed, while worse somatosensation correlates with slower speeds and poorer balance.
Findings suggest somatosensory impairments may affect walking coordination, warranting further research on interventions.
Highlights:
Older adults show reduced force production and increased variability in ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles compared to younger adults, contributing to impaired gait and balance.
Lower ankle strength and higher force variability are linked to slower walking speeds and increased gait variability, indicating age-related declines in central motor control.
Physical activity (PA) is associated with better gait and ankle function in older adults, suggesting that regular activity may help preserve mobility and prevent functional decline.
Highlights:
Mechanisms of gait termination were evaluated across pathological populations.
Tremor and Parkinson’s disease use different strategies for gait termination.
Those with essential tremor have decreased stability during gait termination.
The cerebellum and basal ganglia may play different roles during gait termination.
Highlights:
Sit to stand (STS) transitional task in Parkinson's disease (PD) was evaluated.
During the STS task, PD redistribute their lower extremity joint torques.
PD have decreased stability when rising from a chair.
PD rely on knee extensors during STS which could lead to decreased stability.