Bonifacio Day: Honoring the Father of the Philippine Revolution

By Thor Alexander Tanio

Each year, on November 30, the Philippines celebrates Bonifacio Day to honor Andrés Bonifacio, a key figure in the country’s journey toward independence. Known as the "Father of the Philippine Revolution," Bonifacio’s legacy of bravery, patriotism, and resilience endures as he is remembered for his leadership in the fight against Spanish colonial rule. The commemoration of Bonifacio Day serves as a time for Filipinos to reflect on the importance of independence and national pride, celebrating the memory of a revolutionary leader whose ideals continue to inspire modern generations.

Born on November 30, 1863, in Tondo, Manila, Bonifacio faced immense hardship after the early loss of his parents, which left him and his siblings in poverty. Determined to educate himself despite his circumstances, Bonifacio taught himself to read and write, immersing himself in books on law, politics, and philosophy. Dr. José Rizal’s writings profoundly influenced his passion for freedom, particularly Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which fueled Bonifacio's desire for a liberated Philippines. This drive led him to establish the Katipunan in 1892, an underground movement to overthrow Spanish rule and achieve independence.

The Katipunan, officially named Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (The Supreme and Most Honorable Society of the Children of the Nation), was dedicated to ending Spanish rule and achieving independence for the Philippines. Bonifacio’s leadership made the Katipunan a robust and influential organization, as he used his charisma and vision to inspire many Filipinos to join the revolutionary cause. In 1896, after Spanish authorities discovered the group’s existence, Bonifacio led what is known as the Cry of Pugad Lawin, an act of defiance in which he and other members tore up their cedulas (residence certificates) as a symbolic break from Spanish authority. This event is often considered the start of the Philippine Revolution, a movement that would forever change the country’s history.