Solution focused therapy is a form of therapy designed to focus on the solution and the steps needed to reach the solution rather than the problem that brough them into your office. This technique only gives attention to the present and the future desires of the student, rather than focusing on the past experiences. Buccholz (2015) identifies two main concepts for solution focused therapy with students, “one- focus on the present and future and two- focus on actions rather than insights". 

Wallis et al. (2011) defines narrative therapy as “a style of therapy that helps people become—and embrace being—an expert in their own lives. In narrative therapy, there is an emphasis on the stories that you develop and carry with you through your life.” Externalization is a technique within narrative therapy which allows the client to create distance between themselves and their narrative. “This distance allows people to better focus on changing unwanted behaviors” (Clarke, 2022). “Through narrative therapy, people can identify alternative stories, widen people's views of self, challenge old and unhealthy beliefs, and open their minds to new ways of living that reflect a more accurate and healthy story” (Clarke, 2022).

“Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive multi-diagnostic, modularized behavioral intervention designed to treat individuals with severe mental disorders and out-of-control cognitive, emotional and behavioral patterns” (Linehan n.d.). DBT is used in treatment with individuals diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) with chronic or high risk of suicidality, substance dependence or other disorders. DBT has been used with other disorders that have difficulties regulating emotions and behavioral and cognitive functioning. 

The American Psychologicial Association defines cognitive behavior therapy as “a form of psychotherapy that integrates theories of cognition and learning with treatment techniques derived from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy” (American Psychological Association, 2020). CBT therapy assists the individual in recognizing their thought patterns and reactions to their thoughts. Through the recognition and acknowledgement of these negative patterns the individual and therapist can work to develop appropriate thoughts and behaviors to overcome their disorder. CBT is a straightforward, common-sense model of the relationships among cognition, emotion, and behavior. A few of the many techniques used in CBT include Decatastrophizing, ABC Technique,Keeping a Journal, and Exposure and Response Prevention. 

Cherry defines Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) as “a type of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) developed by psychologist Albert Ellis. REBT is an action-oriented approach that’s focused on helping people deal with irrational beliefs and learn how to manage their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in a healthier, more realistic way.” Albert Ellis (2019) identifies the three main beliefs of REBT as 

• • “You are worthy of self-acceptance no matter what even when you struggle or make mistakes; there is no need for shame or guilt.

  • Others are also worthy of acceptance, even when their behavior involves something that you don’t like.

  • Negative things will sometimes happen in life, and that doesn’t mean that things are happening in a way they shouldn’t be. Life is not positive all of the time, and there’s no rational reason to expect it to be.”