History has a way of repeating itself.
It has shown how races were pitted against each other to increase the economy and infrastructure of the U.S.
For example, 13th Amendment (abolishing slavery) and 14th Amendment (granting citizenship) had the Mississippi Delta cotton plantation owners question who would work their fields as the prices increased. In 1869, they imported Chinese laborers from California to work on their plantations, railroads, factories, and homes. Protests came from "workingmen's groups and trade unions across the East denouncing the scheme as unfair competition and accusing malevolent capitalists of trafficking in a new form of slave labor --the coolie trade."
Another example, in 1870, in North Adams, MA, there was a shoe strike. The owner of the factory sent a recruit to California. He returned with 75 Chinese workers - teens and young men - who worked the factory. Then, more "Chinamen" came to the Northeast coast and were paid well below that of the white men. But it did not matter as anti-Chinese sentiment now increased across the East coast as well.
More recently, the 9/11 attacks brought anti-Muslim and anti-South Asian violence, the SARS virus surfaced anti-Asian violence, and now, COVID-19 brings, again, rise to anti-Asian violence and xenophobia.
If you need support in how to respond to discrimination against Asians/Pacific Islanders concerning COVID-19, check out HEART's presentation, Viruses Do Not Discriminate 03/26/2020, and the COVID-19 Q&A.
Asian and Black communities’ histories have always been intertwined, their struggles connected, and their collective liberation dependent on their unity. Asian and Black communities have been strongest when they’ve sought to dismantle White supremacy together. In fact, there have been countless examples of powerful and moving coalitions between Asian and Black communities in the last 200 years that have led to major leaps forward in racial justice. Read more about notable examples of Black and Asian solidarity throughout American history — a testament to the power of communities of color when unified.
(Hamilton's Equity and Achievement Responsive Team) provides ways you can speak up.
In response to the alarming escalation in xenophobia and bigotry resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, Asian Pacific Planning and Policy Council (A3PCON), Chinese for Affirmative Action (CAA), and the Asian American Studies Department of San Francisco State University launched the Stop AAPI Hate reporting center on March 19, 2020. The center tracks and responds to incidents of hate, violence, harassment, discrimination, shunning, and child bullying against Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders throughout the United States. (Source)
NEA APIC has a list of resources to for AAPI history in the U.S., educator resources, COVID-19, anti-Asian racism, & their effects on the AAPI community, model minority myth & identity, cultural celebrations, AAPI labor movement, scholarly articles, book lists, additional resources, and folx to follow.
CAAL has a list of ways you can take action against anti-Asian racism.
EdMN has compiled the following lists of resources for educators and parents to help children and adolescents cope and process these and other traumatic events.
Anti-Asian racism & violence:
*Resource Guide on Anti-Asian Violence (APALA)
*How to Respond to Coronavirus Racism (Learning for Justice)
*Responding to COVID Bullying, Bias & Violence Against Asian Americans (Colorin Colorado)
*Educators Take a Stand Against Coronavirus Racism (NEA)
*Battling a Surge of Anti-Asian Hate Crimes (Share My Lesson)