The need for energy-efficient solutions has never been greater. Lighting systems account for a significant portion of electricity usage in homes and buildings, yet they are often overlooked in energy conservation efforts. Traditional lighting systems, which rely on manual switches, are prone to being left on in unoccupied spaces, leading to energy waste and increased utility costs.

In regions like Ethiopia, where electricity access can be inconsistent and costs are rising, this inefficiency is particularly impactful. Urban areas face additional challenges due to high-density populations and growing energy demands. These factors inspired us to create a solution that not only saves energy but also aligns with Ethiopia’s broader goals of sustainable development and environmental conservation.

The system uses Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensors to detect human presence. When movement is detected, the system activates the lights, which remain on for a pre-set duration. If no motion is sensed during this time, the lights automatically turn off.

Key components include:

Motion Sensors: Detect presence and trigger the lighting mechanism.

Arduino Microcontroller: Processes input from sensors and controls the lighting based on programmed logic.

Solar Panels: Provide a renewable energy source, ensuring sustainability and reducing electricity dependence.

The prototype was tested in staircases, a common area where lights are often left on unnecessarily. This setup demonstrated the system's ability to significantly reduce energy consumption while maintaining user convenience.

While developing this system, we encountered several challenges:

Sensor Limitations: Environmental factors like room layout and lighting conditions influenced detection accuracy.

Solution: Calibration and strategic placement of sensors improved performance.

Power Supply Issues: Areas with unstable electricity required additional considerations.

Solution: Incorporation of solar panels ensured consistent system operation.

These challenges provided valuable learning opportunities, enabling us to refine the system for real-world applications.