Peruse this travel guide of over 26 towns across Maryland (pg. 44) designed to help African American drivers avoid unwelcoming establishments and parts of the country during racial segregation.
Click on the link above current directory lists of hundreds of Black-owned businesses in Anne Arundel County
These notable figures and Black-owned businesses pioneered in different Anne Arundel County industries
Historical Context:
Black News, Entertainment,
and Media
Segregation impacted Black Americans attempting to access local goods and services, but also barred them from accessing many of the loan, investment, financing, and advertising opportinities their White counterparts enjoyed. Additionally, Black Americans couldn't always gain access to information relevant to them and their community due to segregation, and the fact that local news outlets didn't disseminate information helpful to their interests and safety. NEWSELA authors describe how during the Progressive Era, relevant stories weren't mentioned in mainstream newspapers, so African Americans had creative solutions:
"Black communities began publishing newspapers to show the injustices against Black people. The Black Press journalists such as William Monroe Trotter, James Weldon Johnson and Ida B. Wells all wrote about lynching and segregation. They also wrote about the importance of becoming socially and politically active. Monthly publications were an important part of sharing Black people’s achievements. One of these publications includes The Crisis, the official magazine of the NAACP and Opportunity published by the National Urban League."
Interview & Foundation
Credit: Maryland State Archives
WANN Radio
Learn more about Hoppy Adams and his partnership with Morris Blum--the founder of the broadcasting business that changed business for Black entrepreneurs in the county, as well as introducing an early example of integrated media and business efforts
Lady Ellen’s Beauty Corner
Learn about the first African American licensed beauty salon, and, subsequently, barbershop, in southern Anne Arundel County!
African Americans of Anne Arundel County have long benefitted from industries related to the Chesapeake Bay! See how their ingenuity led to both one of the most profitable industries for local Black Marylanders, how family-owned land became two of the most booming Black businesses during segregation, and how you can partner with "Blacks of the Chesapeake Foundation" to preserve this legacy
"Affectionately called “the Beach,” Carr’s Beach hosted many major African American artists performing for black audiences during the forties, fifties, and sixties. Located on the Annapolis Neck just south of Annapolis, Carr’s Beach was one of several private bayside beaches in use when pervasive segregation denied African Americans access to white-only beaches and facilities."
Read more on this story from visitannapolis.org in the link above, or discover more about these historic sites using the links.
Life on the Bay
Vince Leggett explains the connection between the Black-owned beach businesses, and those making a living in the Chesapeake Bay.
Alderwoman Sheila Finlayson recalls what life was like for those in the seafood industry on the Bay.
Changing Tides for African Americans in Anne Arundel County
Highland Beach and Venice Beach
Beach Segregation
Beverly Beach Integration
Explore how Black Americans all over the US responded to segregation and its impact on the Black Americans of Anne Arundel County
Not all businesses in Anne Arundel County celebrated their Black patrons! Learn about the brave activists that led the way through protests and sit-ins, such as the on at Dick Poole's Restaurant.
After Reconstruction ended, Black Americans saw the need to organize as business leaders in the wake of expanding segregation laws. The National Negro Business League was founded by Booker T. Washington in 1900 with the goal of increasing the wealth and presence of Black entrepreneurs, including Black Businesses in Anne Arundel County's Agriculture Industry! Search for code (0039) in the document!
Use this helpful resource guide in your research of historic and current African American Entrepreneurs. The Library of Congress can connect you to helpful information across time and industries, and learn why Black entrepreneurs like Charles Clinton Spaulding (pictured) made such a difference.