Publications

My Google Scholar

My Research Gate

1-Jwan Gharib Rafaat, Sanarya Rafiq Muhammed, and Rozhgar Mustafa Ahmed (2017). Effect of cutting dates on forage yield and its components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science Vol. 9(4).

2- R. M. Ahmed 2018. Oil percent and Unsaturated Fatty acid Response of Rapeseed Cultivars to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers in Two Different Sowing Date. Journal of Tikrit University for Agricultural Sciences (JTUAS). Vol. (18) No. (4).

3- Almas Galal Muhammad, Rozhgar Mustafa Ahmed and Karzan Ezzalddin Muhammed (2018). Response of Growth, Yield and Oil Content of Two Black Seed Species to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Sulaimani District. Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science Vol. 9(4).

4- Karzan Ezzalddin Muhammed, Rozhgar Mustafa Ahmed, and Almas Galal Muhammad (2018). Response of seed yield and its component of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) variety to nitrogen fertilizer under rainfed conditions. Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences Vol. (5), No. (4) (2018).

5- Shnrwe, B. M., & Ahmed, R. M. (2022). Response Of Yield and Chemical Composition of Black Cumin to Different Fertilizers in Sulaimani Region. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(4), 901-910.

6- Miran Kh. A. and Rozhgar M. A., 2023. Chemical Diversity and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils of Fennel and Anise Seeds Cultivated under Semi-Arid Conditions. J. Jilin Univ 42 (2), 522–531.

7- Kazhal R. A., Rozhgar M. A., and Abdulsalam A. R. 2023. Chemical Diversity and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils of Fennel and Anise Seeds Cultivated under Semi-Arid Conditions. J. Jilin Univ 42 (4), 112-125.

8- R. M. A Shnrwe Bakir Mustatfa. 2023. Influence of various fertilizer types on yield and component traits of black cumin. Journal Of Kerbala For Agricultural Sciences 10 (3), 172-183.

9. Kazhal R. A., Rozhgar M. A., and Abdulsalam A. R. 2023. Seed Yield, and Essential Oil Contents of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill.) in Response to Sowing Dates, Plant Densities, and Nitrogen Fertilizers. ProEnvironment 16 (56), 278–289.

10. R. M. Ahmed. 2024. Phytochemical Diversity and Nutritional Value Of Kenger At Different Locations In Sulaimani Region - Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55 (1), 479–493.

Conference Paper

1-A. Askari, Sh. O. baban and R. M. Ahmed (2013). Effect of fertilizer type and plant density on flavonolignans yield of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under rainfed and irrigated conditions.

2- H. M. Aziz, R. M. Ahmed and B. J. muhammed (2013). Characterization of bioactive compounds by HPLC from sweet and bitter almond fruits.

3- Rozhgar M. Ahmed, Ali A. Askari, and Shirwan O. Baban (2018). Effect of Fertilizer Types and Plant Densities on Unsaturated Fatty Acids Contents of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Oil Under Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions.Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani- Part A, Special Issue 2018.

4- Dana Azad Abdulkhaleq, Shara Jalal Hama, Rozhgar Mustafa Ahmad, Sherwan Ismael Tofeq. 2018. Response of some Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties to Zn fertilizer Under Dryfarming Conditions. Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani, Part - A -, Pure and Applied Sciences, 143- 155.

5- Sherwan I. Towfiq, Sanarya R. Muhammed, and Rozhgar M. Ahmed. 2018. Drought tolerance of some bread and durum wheat varieties during germination. 3rd Agriculture Scientific Conference held on 05-03-2018 at the College of Agriculture- University of Kerbala.

6- Ahmed, R. M., Abdulla, A. S., Rasheed, A. J. M., Ahmed, S. M., Mahmood, S. A., & Khareeb, S. A. (2021). Allelopathic Effect of Lamiaceae Plant Extracts on Seed Germination and Seedling Related Traits of Two Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 33(s1), 31-52.

BOOK 

Climate changes and their impact on medicinal plants and pest control

June 2023,   Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing,  ISBN: 6205494353

Journal Papers 

1: A. Askari, Sh. O. baban  and R. M. Ahmed (2013). Effect of fertilizer type and plant density on flavonolignans yield of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani- Part A, Special Issue, Vol. 16, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10339.

Abstracts:

The present study was conducted at the Bazian location during two winter seasons of 2010–2011 2011 and 2011- 2012 A factorial experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications. The study included two different irrigation; Rainfed and Irrigated, combined with three fertilization applications; No fertilization Chemical fertilization, and Organic fertilization and two different plant densities;8 16 plant m-2. The most important results of the average of both seasons can be summarized as follows:- Fruit samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC for their contents of flavonolignans. Data show that the treatment of rainfed exhibited superior values for the silychristin B and isosilybin B, while irrigated treatment produced maximum values for the silybin A and weight of flavonolignans in fruits. The treatment of no fertilization showed its superiority for the silychristin A, silychristin B, silydianin, isosilybin A and total flavonolignans, while organic fertilization produced maximum values for the silybin A and weight of flavonolignans in fruits. The effect of 8 plant m-2 exhibited maximum values for the silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A and total flavonolignans, while 16 plant m-2 produced maximum value for the weight of flavonolignans in fruits. Interaction between rainfed and no fertilization increased the amount of silychristin B, silydianin, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B and total flavonolignans, while interaction of irrigated and organic fertilization produced maximum values for the weight of flavonolignans in fruits. The treatment of irrigated and 16 plant m-2 exhibited superior value for the weight of flavonolignans in fruits. No fertilization and 8 plant m-2 treatment interactions produced maximum value for the isosilybin A, while in case of interaction between rainfed, no fertilization and 8 plant m-2 treatments exhibited maximum value for the isosilybin A. The treatment interactions of organic fertilization and 8 plant m-2 produced maximum values for the weight of flavonolignans in fruits.

Keywords: medicinal plant, Milk thistle, fertilization, irrigation, plant density, flavonolignans.

2- H. M. Aziz, R. M. Ahmed and B. J. Muhammed (2013). Characterization of bioactive compounds by HPLC from sweet and bitter almond fruits. Kurdistan Academics Journal (KAJ), -A-, Special Issue, ISSN:1812-7533.

Abstract:

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was compared with sweet and bitter almond oil extraction using a soxhlet apparatus for the isolation and identification of the active components present in sweet and bitter almonds oil. The obtained fractions were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC which carried out in Bagdad Laboratory (Green Field Company). The results were indicated that both of sweet and bitter almond contain unsaturated fatty acids.  These findings indicated the total oils of sweet almond was 1.07g, containing 214 g/kg, however, approximately 1.3g of bitter almond oil, comprising 260g/kg. The wild fruits of sweet almonds contained 65.63% oleic, 24.90% linoleic, and 9.47% α-linolenic acids as a major component, while in bitter almond oil were 59.48%, 22.25% and 17.98%, respectively.

Keywords: Almond Fruit, Chemical compound, HPLC.

3- Jwan Gharib Rafat, Sanarya Rafiq Nuhammed and Rozhgar Mustafa Ahmed (2017). Effect of cutting dates on forage  yield and its  components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L). Euphrates journal of Agriculture Science Vol. 9(4).

Abstract:

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), plant is widely distributed throughout the world and which belongs to the family Fabacecae. This investigation was conducted in the winter season of 2013 in the fields of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Sulaimani. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to study the effect of cutting dates on the characters: plant height, fresh and dry weight of leaf, fresh and dry weight of stem, dry matter, fresh and dry forage yield for local fenugreek. Means comparison were carried out using least significant difference test (LSD) at 0.05 significant levels. Results of the present study indicated a significant effect of cutting dates for all characters with the exception of fresh forage yield character which was found to be not significant; and the second cut out yielded the first cut in plant height, fresh and dry leaf, fresh and dry stem, dry matter, and dry forage yield.

Keywords: Fenugreek, Fabaceae, vegetative yield, cutting date.

4- Almas Galal Muhammad, Rozhgar Mustafa Ahmed and Karzan Ezzalddin Muhammed (2018). Response of Growth, Yield and Oil content of Two Black Seed Species to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Sulaimani District. Euphrates journal of Agriculture Science Vol. 9(4).

Abstract:

The present study was conducted at the field of College of Agriculture Sciences in autumn 2014- 2015. A factorial experiment was conducted using completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications. The study included two different Black seed species (Nigella sativa and Nigella arvensis) combined with three Nitrogen fertilizer applications (0kg/h, 30kg/h and 60kg/h). Means of studied characters were compared by using least significant differences LSD (P≤0.05) to studding the response of two Black seed species to the difference dose of nitrogen fertilizer application on most important vegetative characters, root depth, plant height, number of leaves, stem dry weight, leaves dry weight and total dry weight and yield characters, number of capsule plant-1, number of seeds capsules-1, 1000 seed weight, total seed weight, biological weight and harvest index. The results indicate that the Nigella sativa species showed significant values in most of the vegetative, yield and oil content. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in different levels showed significant values in most of vegetative, yield and oil content. The level 30kg/h nitrogen showed the superiorities as compared to all other levels. The interaction of Nigella sativa species with 30 kg/h predominated in most of vegetative, yield and oil content.

Keywords: Medicinal plant, Black seed species, Fertilizer.

JournUnder Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions.Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani- Part A, Special Issue 2018.

Abstract:

The present study was conducted at Bazian location during two winter seasons of 2010- 2011 and 2011- 2012 A factorial experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications. The study included two different irrigation; Rainfed and Irrigated, combined with three fertilization applications; No fertilization Chemical fertilization and Organic fertilization and two different plant densities; 8and 16 plant m-2.

The most important results of the average of both seasons can be summarized as follows:- Fruit samples were analyzed a quantitatively by HPLC for their content of unsaturated fatty acids; α-Linolenic, Linoleic, Oleic and Gadoleic acid. Data showed that effect of irrigation treatment was significant in the amount of Linoleic and Oleic, while Linoleic showed significant differences due to 16 plant m-2. Wild and cultivated plants (first and second season) were compared in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the fruits. Results indicated that the second season had significant effects on all studied unsaturated fatty acids.

 Key Words: Medicinal Plant, Milk thistle, Fertilization, Irrigation, Plant density, Unsaturated fatty acids.

6- Dana Azad Abdulkhaleq, Shara Jalal Hama, Rozhgar Mustafa Ahmad, Sherwan Ismael Tawfiq (2018).Response of some Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties to Zn fertilizer Under Dryfarming Conditions.Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani- Part A, Special Issue 2018.

Abstract:

This investigation was conducted during the winter seasons of 2016-2017 at The Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, using split plot design the main plots conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates to study the effect of three levels of zinc fertilizer on the growth, yield and yield component of rapeseed varieties. The three varieties; Serw, Hybrid and Reandy were implemented in the main plots, three zinc fertilizer levels (0, 20 and 40) kg Zn/ha from ZnSO4 source, were implemented in the subplot. Comparisons between means were carried out by the leaset significant difference (L.S.D) at 1 % and 5 % level of significance. The results of this investigation confirm that variety Reandy produced the best values for most characters, and the application 40Kg Zn/ha was found to be the best level for this crop. The character seed yield showed positive and highly significant correlation with most characters including plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, the weight of pod per plant, average pod weight, 1000-seed weight, dry matter weight per plant and biological yield. The maximum positive direct effect on seed yield recorded by an average pod weigh with 0.898, while the maximum positive indirect effect on seed yield recorded by biological yield via average pod weight with 0.840.

Key Words: Rapeseed varieties, Zn Foliar Application, Growth, Yield and yield component, Oil percentage, Correlation, and Path Analysis.

Dates7- Rozhgar M. Ahmed(2018). Oil percent and Unsaturated Fatty acid Response of Rapeseed Cultivars to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers in Two Different Sowing Date. Journal of Tikrit University for Agriculture Sciences, Vol. 18, No. (4).

ABSTRACT

andA field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, to evaluate the effect of planting dates (2 Feb. and 27 Feb. /2017) and application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization (0 N: 0 P, 60 kg/ha N: 30 kg/ha P and 90 Kg/ha N: 60 kg/ha P on oil percent and unsaturated fatty acid analysis composition of two rapeseed cultivars (Sherally and Dunkild). This factorial experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replication. The results demonstrate that late planting date significantly decrease Linoleic acid and Oleic acid. Oil percent and unsaturated fatty acids were significantly responded due to application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, the treatment 60 N: 30 P produced maximum value for each fatty acids α-Linolenic acid, Linoleic acid and Oleic acid. High content of Linoleic acid and Oleic acid were recorded in Sherally cultivar. The variation amount of oil percent and unsaturated fatty acid were noticed due to the interaction treatment of planting dates and fertilizers, the maximum amount of unsaturated fatty acids were produced in each interaction between first and second planting date with 60 N: 30 P fertilizer, and the same result were obtained due to the interaction between each cultivars with the 60 N: 30 P fertilizer. Oil percent and α-Linolenic acid produced maximum amount in the interaction between second planting date 27 Feb. and Dunkild cultivar, while the highest amount of Linoleic acid and Oleic acid were noticed in the interaction between first planting date 7 Feb. the Sherally cultivar. The interaction treatment of planting dates, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and cultivars gave significant variation in the amount of oil percent and unsaturated fatty acids composition analysis.

Key words: Brassica napus, Rapeseed cultivars, Nitrogen and Phosphorus fertilization, Planting dates, Oil percent, Unsaturated fatty acids.

8:8- Sherwan I. Tawfiq, Sanarya R. Muhammed and Rozhgar M. Ahmed (2018). DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF SOME BREAD AND DURUM WHEAT VARIITIES DURING GERMINATION. Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences, Special Issue.

Abstract:

ofA 

laboratory experiment was conducted in Phytochemistry lab., Field Crop Science Department, College of Agriculture, University of Sulaimani  during summer season of July to August, 2009. This factorial experiment conducted in a Randomized Complete Design with three replications, the factors are: the first was two species of wheat,  Bread Wheat Triticum aestivum : Tammuz, Rabiaa, Rizgary, Sham-6 and Aras,  and Durum Wheat Triticum durum: Acsad, Seminto, Crezo, Ovanto and Sham-3 and the second factors was five salt solutions 5000, 10000, 15000, 20000 and 25000 ppm. Various morpho-physiological parameter germination percentage, root length, shoot length, mean germination time were studied. From the results it was observed that Rabbia variety was the mostly drought tolerant among the other bread wheat varieties having significant effect of most germination attributes, Sham-3 variety gave maximum values of germination % and radicle length, while maximum coleoptile length, coefficient of velocity of germination% and minimum days required to germination recorded by Crezo variety. For both bread and durum wheat, the highest values of most germination attributed were obtained by treatment of control. Concerning the interaction between both of bread and durum wheat varieties and NaCl concentration, Tammuz variety with the treatment of control gave maximum values for most characters, while the interaction between Rabbia variety and 20000ppm NaCl recorded minimum days needed to germination. But regarding mean germination time character, interaction of Acsad, and Sham-3 with control treatment gave maximum value.  In which all other values of germination attributes were 0.00 for 10000, 15000, 20000 and 25000ppm salt concentration, because all durum wheat varieties had not tolerant for drought conditions. 

droughtKeywords: Drought tolerance; bread wheat; durum wheat; varieties; germination; salt stress.

the Fenugreek9-Karzan Ezzalddin Muhamme,  Rozhgar Mustafa Ahmed and Alma Galal Muhamma (2018). Response of seed yield and its component of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) variety to nitrogen fertilizer under rainfed conditions. Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences Vol.(5), Vol. 5, No. 4, (2018).https://journals.uokerbala.edu.iq/index.php/Agriculture/article/view/287 

Abstract:

producedA field experiment was performed at research area of College of Agricultural Sciences-University of Sulaimani, during the winter season of 2014-2015, to study the response of two (Mithe and EP 101) fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) varieties to different level of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40 and 80 kg N ha-1 ) for yield and its components. The results of experiment showed the highest seed yield and all traits were obtained by Mithe variety and 40kg N ha-1 produce highest seed yield and yield component. The highest seed yield for most of traits was obtained by interaction between Mithe variety and 40kg N ha-1 in comparison with the interaction between EP 101 variety and 40kg N ha-1

Keywords: Trigonella foenum-graecum L. variety, Nitrogen fertilizer, Seed yield, Oil yield, Harvest index.