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Journal Papers

1-Azhab Alkenane, zhyae Twej and Kamal Omar”Searching of DU in the selected area of Basrah/Iraq”, Journal of Mathematics and physics (Iraqi Society of Physics and Mathematics), Vol. 16 , No.3 page 34-42 ( 2001)

Abstract:

In this study 11 soil samples were collected for selected sites in Basra Governorate, including Safwan and Rumaila with a depth of 0-20 cm for each samples. The samples were prepared for the purpose of measurement using the Gamma ray spectrum system, which consists of high pure germanium detector.The specific activity of the radionuclides resulting from the U-238 and U-235 series was calculated and it was clear from the measurement that Th-234 and Pa-234m are in equilibrium with each other and with Uranium-238 where the ratio ranged between (0.85-0.96) and this indicates accuracy system size. By applying the mathematical method which was used by the International Commission for the searching of DU in Kosovo, to find the ratio between U-235 to U-238. Where it became clear that seven models are clearly contaminated with DU and found that this ratio for the sample SS-10 is equal to (0.00351) and there are also six other samples with a ratio between (0.0037-0.00412) that indicates the presence of DU in comparison with the world values.

2- Azhab Alkenane, zhyae Twej and Kamal Omar”Measurements of transfer factor for the plants in the selected area of Basrah/Iraq”, Journal of Mathematics and physics (Iraqi Society of Physics and Mathematics),Vol. 16, No. 4 page 12-28 ( 2001)

Abstract:

In this study11 samples of grazing plants[L.Geraneaceae Oxalis Corniculata] were collected in selected locations of Basra Governorate. The transfer factor radiation from soil to plant was measured by the ratio between the specific activity of the plant to the specific activity of the soil and for each isotope. It was found that the rates of the transfer factor for Th-232 equal to 0.053, for Ra-226 equal to 0.049, for Bi-214 equal to 0.435, and for Pb- 0.394 .The relationship between the isotope concentrations in the soil was also drawn as a function of its concentration in the plant. The curve of this line represents the transfer factor radiation, where the values ​​of the transport coefficients (for Th-234) were 0.0964, (for Ra-226) 0.0318. (for Bi-214) 0.0466, (for Pb-209) 0.405. As for the figures drawn between the concentrations of the isotope in the soil as a function of the transfer factor, they were found the transmission coefficients for the four isotopes were 0.0455, 0.035, 0.44, 0.425 ,respectively . Practically calculated values ​​and the values ​​of the graphs were compared with the international values ​​and it was found that the results are very good.

3- Kamal O. Abdullah “Studying the Background Radiation From the soil of Halabja city”.Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani .Vol.12 , No.1 part A , Page 119-123 (2009), jzs-a@univsul.edu.iq

Abstract:

On the 16th March, Halabja city in Sulaimani region of Iraq was bombarded by chemical bombs of Saddam's regime. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the level of radioactivity from the soil, the water and the air in that region. For this purpose two samples of soil are taken. One from of Shahidan and the other from Kani-Ashkan regions in Halabja city been taken and analyzed in Iraqi Atomic Energy Agency in 2001, by using the gamma-ray spectrometer including the HPGe detector. The radionuclides of Ra-226, Pb-214, I-133, Bi-214, Ac-228 and K-40 have been identified.

4- Adil M. Husain & Kamal O. Abdullah and Kamal H. Kareem.” Determination Out Door of high count of radionuclide and natural isotops in Garmik/Penjween”.Journal of Kirkuk University Scientific, Vol. 5, No.1, (2010). journal@kujss.com

Abstract:

Radioactive materials, containing high-count rate, are found in some areas in the world which have worldwide use as construction and facing material. The radiation doses, in the Garmik area, are about 268.6 nGy h-1, which are density population by residents of ten of villages and two towns. The outdoor terrestrial gamma-ray background in some region of Garmik area was studied in order to determine the absorbed gamma dose rates of the soils and rocks. Gamma ray spectra have been recorded using the advance nuclear measurement system (digital spectroscopy analyzer DSA with NaI (TI) detector). This method is very suitable for measuring outdoor gamma radiation dose because the gamma count and human -radiation exposure will not be lost by the method by which the whole radiation exposure has been determined. A new equation has been formulated for this method. The total dose rates inside Sulaimani city was (42.873) nGy h-1 considered as a normal local outdoor dose rate (background). The average values of outdoor dose rates of the studied samples, in Tatan, Hangazhal and Garmik areas have been found to be (226.1005, 257.477,322.541) nGy h-1 respectively. These values are nearly 6 times grater than the normal local outdoor dose rate of the background of Northeastern Iraq. The dose rate of each radioactive elements or isotopes have been determined for each spectrum of each mentioned area which are equal to 8.4554, 67.0995, 66.9057, 50.6143 nGy h-1 for Sulaimani city, Tatan, Hangazhal and Garmik respectively. The total rate of radionuclide is about 22.76% of total outdoor dose rate.

5- Rasheed M. Yusof & Kamal O. Abdullah.”Measurement of Uranium & Radon Concentrations in Water from Sulaimani Governorate-Kurdistan Region- Iraq”ARPN journal of Science & Tecnology, Vol. 3 No.6 (2013),

http://www.ejournalofscience.org

Abstract:

Different water samples collected from some locations of Sulaimany governorate include deep well rivers, spring and lakes. The concentration of Rn222 and U238 was measured using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) as (CR-39). The measured values of Rn222 was varies between 6216.406 Bq/m3 (7.589 Bq/L) and 970.154 Bq/m3 (1.184 Bq/L), while for U238 was between 0.006141 mg/L and 0.000958 mg/L. The maximum value appear in ground waters of locations of deep wells at Gapylon town and deep well of Kanispeka in Sulaimany governorate , these values of concentrations show higher levels in comparing with the international world values, this is due to the composition of soil and rock surrounded the waters in that regions.

6- Rasheed M. Yusof & Kamal O. Abdullah.” Measurement of natural radioactivity in Soil from Eastern of Sulaimani Governorate-Kurdistan Region- Iraq” ” ARPN journal of Science & Tecnology, Vol. 3 No.7 (2013).

http://www.ejournalofscience.org

Abstract:

Soil samples collected at five different depths (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) cm from some towns in the east of Sulaimany governorate in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Natural radioactivity concentrations in soil samples were measured by gammaray spectrometry using detector NaI(TI), the average value in the topsoil (surface) of natural radionuclides (U238) concentrations was 6.748 ppm equivalent to (83.337 Bq/kg), for Th232 was 4.67 ppm equivalent to (19.147 Bq/kg) and for K40 was 1.099 ppm equivalent to (284.86 Bq/kg), the results explain that the activity concentrations were higher than the standard international values especially at locations of Penjween and Garmek. Also it was observed in all studied regions that the values of concentrations are decreasing from topsoil (surface) to the deepest locations.

7- Kamal O. Abdullah & Ali H. Ahmed.” Measurement of Rn-222 Concentrations in the Air of Peshraw & Darbandikhan Tunnels in Sulaimani Governorate-Kurdistan Region- Iraq” International journal of Modern Engineering& Research, Vol.4 , No.1 (2014). http://www.ijmer.com

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to measure the radon concentration in the air inside Darbandikhan and Peshraw tunnels located at Sulaimani governorate. The concentration of Rn222 have been determined using CR-39 Solid–State Nuclear Track Detector Technique. It was found that the range of radon concentration inside Darbandikhan tunnel was (305.8 - 391.34) Bq/m3 , and that of Peshraw tunnel was (2042.9 - 4277.89) Bq/m3. A concentration of several thousand Bq/m3 was observed at the inner most area of the Peshraw tunnel towards southern geographic which indicates that the radon concentration in the tunnel is basically governed by diffusion and mixing of radon gas with air.

8- Kamal O. Abdullah, Adil M. Husain and Salahaddin A. Ahmed “ Determination of natural radioactivity and radiological hazards for Cement and Gypsum in Sulaimani Area (Kurdistan Region – Iraq) , International journal of Scientific and Engineering Research"Volume 5, Issue 12, December-2014 , http://www.ijser.org

Abstract:

Activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K in twelve samples of cement and gypsum is used as a building material in Sulaimani Governorate-Kurdistan Region-Iraq, these samples were measured using γ-spectrometry based on scintillation detection. Also activity concentration of 222Rn was determined using solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) technique through the CR-39 detector and radium equivalent activities (Raeq), absorbed dose rate (D), external and internal hazard indices (Hex and Hin) and level index of γradiation hazard (Iγ) were calculated to assess the potential radiological hazard associated with these samples. The activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K for the cement samples were found to range between (4.458 ± 0.304 - 51.573 ± 11.955, 6.330 ± 1.253 – 19.188 ± 6.612 and 54.950 ± 6.050 -81.648 ± 10.958) Bq/Kg, respectively. Values of average radium equivalent activities (Raeq), absorbed dose rate (D), external and internal hazard indices (Hex and Hin) and γ- index hazard (Iγ) are ranged as (36.74-78.028) Bq/Kg, (32.093 ± 4.23569.369 ± 13.110) nGy/hr, (0.099-0.21), (0.111-0.349) and (0.131-0.267) but the radon concentration are ranged inside the air of the tube between (75.514±3.876 - 286.082±28.583) Bq/m3, while inside the studied sample materials is ranged between (30618.211±295.7 - 8081.946±40.101) Bq/m3, the natural radioactivity concentrations. The higher values appeared in the cement samples and the lower one in the gypsum except in thorium concentration, fortunately they are not higher than the limit of worldly values, therefore the studied samples (cement and gypsum) in Sulaimani building materials can be used in construction safely from the radioprotection

9- Kamal O. Abdullah, Salar Z. Muhammed and Adil M. Husain” Assessment of Rn and U Concentrations in the Soil of Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan Located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Region- Iraq” AJEP, Vol. 1, Issue 4, Page 40-44, 2015. http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajep)

Abstract:

The profile of radon (222-Rn) and uranium (238-U) concentrations in15 surface soil samples collected from the three agricultural areas of town Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan which are located at the east of Sulaimani governorate in Kurdistan Region – Iraq has been determined using solid- state nuclear track detector (CR-39), where Qadafery located in the margin of Suren Mountain, also located in the north of the famous plain of the Middle East region called Sharazoor plain and Zarayan located in the west north of the Sharazoor plain, also its surrounds in another direction by Qaradagh and Barznja mountains. They (Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan) have been shown that the maximum and minimum values of radon concentration of the air inside the tube were 2242.263±143.152 Bq/m^3 and 154.099±2.579 Bq/m^3, respectively, with average value 741.709±27.234 Bq/m^3 while the maximum and minimum values of uranium concentration are 18.225±12.905 ppm and 1.253±0.233 pmm, respectively, with average value 6.029±2.455 pmm. It appears that higher concentrations of radon and uranium was in soil sample Qadafery_5 and the minimum value was in soil sample Kalar_4 and by comparison with the world values there are some positions in Qadafery and Zarayan with higher level concentrations that is due to the geology information of these regions.

10- Kamal O. Abdullah, Ali H. Ahmed and Salahaddin A. Ahmed“Measurement of ²²²Rn Concentrations in the Air of Qaysery Naqeeb Bazaar Located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Region-Iraq”, JZS, Vol.17, Issue 2, 2015. jzs-a@univsul.edu.iq

Abstract:

In this study the level of 222Rn concentration at 35 positions in air of the big ancient famous bazaar (Qaysery Naqeeb) which contains 110 shops and located in the center of Sulaimani city have been assessed. During the winter and summer seasons of 2014, 222Rn concentrations have been measured by using (CR-39) solid state nuclear detector. In winter, the maximum and minimum values of 222Rn concentration were (206.901±10.958) Bq/mᵌ and (44.978±5.109) Bq/mᵌ respectively, with an average value of (132.849± 8.780)Bq/mᵌ; while in summer the maximum and minimum values of 222Rn concentrations were (255.476± 25.809) Bq/mᵌ and (99.852± 6.306) Bq/mᵌ ,respectively, with an average value of (158.215± 12.578)Bq/mᵌ, this difference reveals the role of higher temperature and humidity rates in the variation of radon concentrations were high radon concentrations corresponds to high temperature and low humidity rates. In several positions the obtained values were nearly within the acceptable range of radon level recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the limit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), but in the most other positions these limits were exceeded due to the structures of material building and lack of ventilation. The effect of temperature on radon concentration was also observed

11. Kamal O. Abdullah " Determination of 222Rn and 238U Concentrations in Some Selected Samples of Rock for Sulaimani Area (Kurdistan Region-Iraq)" JZS, Vol.17, Issue 4, 2015. jzs-a@univsul.edu.iq

Abstract:

Different rock samples collected from the Mountains located to the west and north of Sulaimani district. Solid state nuclear track detector technique, CR-39 passive detectors included, is used for analyzing concentrations Radon. The uranium concentrations determined from the secular equilibrium between uranium and radon activity. The concentrations of Radon and Uranium have been calculated. The maximum and the minimum concentrations determined (19632.904 ± 74.605 and 153789.072 ± 584.398) Bq/m3 for Radon and (1.289±0.619 ppm, 10.094±4.854 ppm) for uranium, respectively. The higher concentration values of both Byara (Mountain of Balkha) and Penjween is due to sample rocks formation compared to the values appeared from Ranya and Chaqchaq regions. The highest annual effective dose was 0.8µSv/hr, which is higher than the value 1mSv ~ 0.114 µSv/hr recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP.

12. Adil M. Hussein, Kamal O. Abdullah, Kharman A. Fara , Dara F. Hamamin"RADON CONCENTRATION IN THE WORK ATMOSPHERE OF CEMENT PLANTS IN THE SULAYMANIYAH AREA, IRAQ" ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY,VOL. 6 , NO. 1, 2018.

Abstract:

This work reports the radon concentration level in the work environment of cement plants (CPs) located in the Sulaymaniyah city-North of Iraq. This survey for the radon concentration is performed in 24 sectors of three different CPs including Tasluja, Mass, and Bazian. The measurements were recorded using solid state nuclear track detector (CR-39 NTDs). The radon effective dose μSv/hr correlated weakly with the gamma effective dose μSv/hr to enhance the radon concentration measuring. The detector was fixed in different places of the plants such Crusher, Correction stores, Raw Mill (Grinding Mill), Preheater (Tower), Clinker, and Cement Storage. The arithmetic mean (AM) value of radon concentration (Ca) was found to be 98 ± 9, 101 ± 10, and 125 ± 10 Bq m⁻³ and the arithmetic mean value of annual effective dose (E) of radon was 0.767, 0.753, and 0.962 mSv y⁻¹ for Tasluja, Mass, and Bazian CPs, respectively. The maximum values of about 222 ± 20 Bq m⁻³ and 1.402 mSv y⁻¹, respectively, in sector III (Grinding) at Bazian CP. The achieved results reveal that the maximum value of radon concentration in all sectors of the CPs is below the international standard value (300 Bq m−3) of both the World Health Organization and International Commission on Radiological Protection.

13. Jamal M.R.Abda, Kamal O. Abullah, Adil M. Hussein, Awara Rasul muhammad, Amir Namiq Hassan" Measurement of natural radioactivity concentrations in walnut collected from Sulaimanya markets/Kurdistan region/Iraq"1st International Conference of Pure and Engineering Sciences -Iraqi Academic Syndicate Holy Karbala Branch" (26-27)/2/2020.

Abstract: Walnut is one of the most important and necessary foodstuffs in our daily lives and there are many species in Iraqi Kurdistan from different sources. Therefore it is very important and necessary in this work, to measure the natural radioactivity from gamma rays to evaluate various radiation hazards via walnut consumption for different markets and locations. The samples have been collected from different markets in Sulaimanya city at Kurdistan region-Iraq, and irradiated for a month to gamma rays. The average specific activities for nuclides found with high probability for the walnut by using a vertical coaxial cylindrical High Purity Germanium Radiation Detector (HPGe). The specific activity for the shell of the walnut were for the three most important radionuclides, Th-232, Ra-226 and K-40 were 14.842 ± 9.450, 7.226 ± 1.805, 107.2 ± 2.563 (Bq/kg) respectively and for walnut pulp Th-232, Ra-226 and K-40 were 16.053 ± 8.861, 5.105 ± 1.540, 143.6 ± 2.884(Bq/kg) respectively. The total average activities were within the average ranges of the accepted values in the world (45, 33 and 420 Bq/kg for Th-232, Ra-226, and K-40 respectively).

Conference Papers

1. The Scientific Conference on the Impact of DU on Man and Environment in Iraq,( Baghdad, 26-27 March 2002).
2. Radon &Uranium Concentrations in Soil of Sharbazher Locations in Sulaimani Governorate.The 2^nd Scientific Environmental Conference- University of Mosul (2012)
3. Measurement of natural radioactivity concentrations in walnut collected from Sulaimanya markets/Kurdistan region/Iraq"1st International Conference of Pure and Engineering Sciences -Iraqi Academic Syndicate Holy Karbala Branch", University of Karbala (26-27)/2/2020.