Publications

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(*denotes OSU student co-author; ^ denotes non-OSU student co-author)

Peer-Reviewed Articles:

1. Ruthruff, E., *Tolomeo, D.,*Jain, S., *Reitan, K.-M., & Lien, M.-C. (in press). Does the attentional window shed light on the attentional capture debate? Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. [PDF]

2. ^Savelson, I., *Hauck, C., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Leber, A. B. (2025). Learned distractor rejection: Robust but surprisingly rapid. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-025-03051-4 [PDF]

3. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., *Tolomeo, D., & *Reitan, K.-M. (2025). Don’t look there: Assessing the suppression of cued-to-be-ignored locations. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 87, 815-831. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-025-03033-6 [PDF]

4. *Hauck, C., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2024). Proactive suppression is an implicit process that cannot be summoned on demand. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 50(6), 636-653. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001206 [PDF]

5. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & *Tolomeo, D. (2024). Evidence that distractor suppression does not require attentional resources. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 31, 1376-1386. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-023-02422-y [PDF]

6. *Hauck, C., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2023). On preventing capture: Does greater salience cause greater suppression? Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 85, 2553-2566. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-023-02694-5 [PDF]

7. Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2023). Shattering the attentional window: What really determines capture by abrupt onsets and color singletons? Journal of Cognition, 6(1): 36, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.269 [PDF]

8. *Burgess, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2023). The role of perceptual difficulty in visual hindsight bias for emotional faces. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 30, 953-962. [PDF] 

9. *Burgess, E., *Hauck, C., *De Pooter, E., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2023). Do salient abrupt onsets trigger suppression? Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 85, 643-648. [PDF] 

10. *Hauck, C., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2022). Does superior visual working memory capacity enable greater distractor suppression? Visual Cognition, 30(8), 573-586. [PDF]

11. *Hauck, C., & Lien, M.-C. (2022). The role of visual working memory capacity in attention capture among video game players. Psychological Research, 86, 2128-2143.[PDF]

12. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & *Hauck, C. (2022). On preventing attention capture: Is singleton suppression actually singleton suppression? Psychological Research, 86(6), 1958-1971.[PDF]

13. Ruthruff, E., *Hauck, C., & Lien, M.-C. (2021). What do we know about suppression of attention capture? Visual Cognition, 29:9, 604-607.[PDF]

14. Lien, M.-C., Allen, P. A., & Ruthruff, E. (2021). Case mixing impedes early lexical access: Converging evidence from the masked priming paradigm. Psychological Research, 85(3), 1317-1337. [PDF]

15. Lien, M.-C., Allen, P. A., & Ruthruff, E. (2021). Multiple routes to word recognition: Evidence from event-related potentials. Psychological Research, 85(1), 151-180. [PDF]

16. Mallik, P. R., Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., Jardin, E., Houston, M. L., Houston, J. R., & ^Jurosic, B. K. (2021).  An electrophysiological study of aging and perceptual letter-matching. Experimental Aging Research, 47(1), 92-108. [PDF]

17. Lien, M.-C., Proctor, R. W., & *Hinkson, J. (2020). Emotion-induced attentional bias: Does it modulate the spatial Simon effect? Cognition and Emotion, 34(8), 1591-1607. [PDF]

18. Houston, J., Hughes, M., Bennett, I., Allen, P., Rogers, J., Lien, M.-C., Stoltz, H., Sakaie, K., Loth, F., Maleki, J., Vorster, S., & Luciano, M. (2020).  Evidence of neural microstructure abnormalities in Type I Chiari Malformation: Associations between fiber tract integrity, cognitive dysfunction, and pain.  Pain Medicine, 21, 2323-2335. [PDF]

19. ^Jardin, E., Allen, P. A., Levant, R. F., Lien, M.-C., McCurdy, E. R., ^Villalba, A., ^Mallik, P., ^Houston, J. R., & ^Gerdes, Z. T. (2019). Event-related brain potentials reveal differences in emotional processing in alexithymia. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 31, 619-633. [PDF]

20. ^Houston, J. R., Allen, P. A., Rogers, J. M., Lien, M.-C., Allen, N. J., ^Hughes, M. L., Bapuraj, J. R., Eppelheimer, M. S., Loth, F., Stoodley, M. A., Vorster, S. J., & Luciano, M. G. (2019). Type I Chiari Malformation, RBANS performance, and brain morphology: Connecting the dots on cognition and macro-level brain structure. Neuropsychology, 33, 725-738. [PDF]

21. ^Houston, J. R., ^Hughes, M. L., Lien, M.-C., Martin, B. A., Loth, F., Luciano, M. G., Vorster, S., & Allen, P. A. (2018).  An electrophysiological study of cognitive and emotion processing in Type I Chiari Malformation. The Cerebellum, 17(4), 404-418.  [PDF]

22. ^Houston, J. R., ^Pollock, J. W., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. A. (2018).  Emotional arousal deficit or emotional regulation bias? An electrophysiological study of age-related differences in emotion perception.  Experimental Aging Research, 44, 187-205. [PDF]

23. Proctor, R. W., Lien, M.-C., & *Thompson, L. (2017).  Do silhouettes and photographs produce fundamentally different object-based correspondence effects? Cognition, 169, 91-101. [PDF]

24. ^Li, X., Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., & Yamamoto, N. (2017).  Practice makes it better: A psychophysical study of visual perceptual learning and its transfer effects on aging.  Psychology and Aging, 32, 16-27. [PDF]

25. Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2017). Aging and Attention. In Pachana, N. A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Geropsychology.  Springer: New York. [PDF]

26. Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., & ^Jardin, E. (2017). Age-related emotional bias in processing two emotionally valenced tasks. Psychological Research, 81, 289-308. [PDF]

27. Gaspelin, N., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2016). The problem of latent attentional capture: Easy visual search conceals capture by task-irrelevant abrupt onsets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 42, 1104-1120. [PDF]

28. Lien, M.-C., *Pedersen, L., & Proctor, R. W. (2016). Stimulus-response correspondence in go-nogo and choice tasks: Are reactions altered by the presence of an irrelevant salient object? Psychological Research, 80, 912-934. [PDF]

29. Johnston, J. C., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2015). Visual Information processing from multiple displays. Human Factors, 57, 276-297. [PDF]

30. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & *Naylor, J. (2014). Attention capture while switching search strategies: Evidence for a breakdown in top-down attentional control. Visual Cognition, 22, 1105-1133. [PDF]

31. Lien, M.-C., *Gray, D., *Jardin, E., & Proctor, R. W. (2014). Correspondence effects are primarily modulated by object location not grasping affordance: An event-related potentials study. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 26, 679-698. [PDF]

32. Allen, P. A., ^Houston, J. R., ^Pollock, J. W., Buzzelli, C., ^Li, X., Harrington, A. K., Martin, B. A., Loth, F., Lien, M.-C., Maleki, J., & Luciano, M. G. (2014). Task specific and general cognitive effects in Chiari Malformation Type I. PLoS One. [PDF]

33. Lien, M.-C., Allen, P. A., & *Martin, N. (2014). Processing visual words with numbers: Electrophysiological evidence for semantic activation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21, 1056-1066. [PDF]

34. Levant, R. F., Allen, P. A., & Lien, M.-C. (2014). Alexithymia in men: How and when do emotional processing deficiencies occur? Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 15, 324-334. [PDF]

35. Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Voss, A. (2014). Multi-tasking and aging: Do older adults benefit from performing a highly practiced task? Experimental Aging Research, 40, 280-307. [PDF]

36. *Noesen, B., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2014). An electrophysiological study of attention capture by salience: Does rarity enable capture? Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 26, 346-371. [PDF]

37. Lien, M.-C., *Taylor, R., & Ruthruff, E. (2013). Capture by fear revisited: An Electrophysiological investigation. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 873-888. [PDF]

38. Lien, M.-C., *Jardin, E., & Proctor, R. (2013). An electrophysiological study of the object-based correspondence effect: Is the effect triggered by the intended grasping action? Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 75, 1862-1882. [PDF]

39. ^Pollock, J. W., *Khoja, N., Kaut, K. P., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. A. (2012). Electrophysiological evidence for adult age-related sparing and decrements in emotion perception and attention. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 1-14. [PDF]

40. ^Gaspelin, N., Ruthruff, E., Lien, M.-C., & ^Jung, K. (2012). Breaking through the attentional window: Capture by abrupt onsets versus color singletons. Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 74, 1461-1474. [PDF]

41. Lien, M.-C., Allen, P. A., & *Crawford, C. (2012). Electrophysiological evidence of different loci for case mixing and word frequency effects in visual word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19, 677-684. [PDF]

42. Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2011, Eds.). Cognition and emotion: Neuroscience and behavioral perspectives [Special Issue]. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 23. Psychology Press: UK. [PDF]

43. *Shaw, K., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Allen, P. A. (2011). Electrophysiological evidence of emotion perception without central attention. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 23, 695-708. [PDF]

44. Allen, P. A., Kaut, K., Baena, E., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2011). Individual differences in positive affect moderate age-related declines in episodic long-term memory. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 23, 768-779. [PDF]

45. Lien, M.-C., *Gemperle, A., & Ruthruff, E. (2011). Aging and involuntary attention capture: Electrophysiological evidence for preserved attentional control with advanced age. Psychology and Aging, 26, 188-202. [PDF]

46. Lien, M.-C., *Croswaite, K., & Ruthruff, E. (2011). Controlling spatial attention without central attentional resources: Evidence from event-related potentials. Visual Cognition, 19, 37-78. [PDF]

47. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., *Kouchi, S., & Lachter, J. (2010). Event frequent and expected words are not identified without spatial attention. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 973-988. [PDF]

48. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & *Cornett, L. (2010). Attentional capture by singletons is contingent on top-down control settings: Evidence from electrophysiological measures. Visual Cognition, 18, 682-727. [PDF]

49. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Johnston, J. C. (2010). Attention capture with rapidly changing attentional control settings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36, 1-16. [PDF]

50. Allen, P. A., Ruthruff, E., Elicker, J. D., & Lien, M.-C. (2009). Multi-session, dual-task PRP practice benefits older and younger adults equally. Experimental Aging Research, 35, 369-399. [PDF]

51. ^Tomasik, D., Ruthruff, E., Allen, P. A., & Lien, M.-C. (2009). Non-automatic emotion perception in a dual-task situation. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16, 282-288. [PDF]

52. Allen, P. A., Smith, A. F., Lien, M.-C., Kaut, K., & Canfield, A. (2009). A multi-stream model of visual word recognition. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 71, 281-296. [PDF]

53. Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2008). Inhibition of task set: Converging evidence from task choice in the voluntary task-switching paradigm. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 15, 1111-1116. [PDF]

54. Lachter, J., Ruthruff, E., Lien, M.-C., & McCann, R. S. (2008). Is attention needed for object identification? Evidence from the Stroop paradigm. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 15, 950-955. [PDF]

55. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & *Kuhns, D. (2008). Age-related differences in switching between cognitive tasks: Does internal control ability decline with age? Psychology and Aging, 23, 330-341. [PDF]

56. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., *Cornett, L., *Goodin, Z., & Allen, P. A. (2008). On the non-automaticity of visual word processing: Electrophysiological evidence that word processing requires central attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 751-773. [PDF]

57. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., *Goodin, Z., & Remington, R. W. (2008). Contingent attentional capture by top-down control settings: Converging evidence from event-related potentials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 509-530. [PDF]

58. Ruthruff, E., Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., & Grabbe, J. (2008). Visual word recognition without central attention: Evidence for greater automaticity with greater reading ability. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 337-343. [PDF]

59. *Kuhns, D., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2007). Proactive vs. reactive task-set inhibition: Evidence from flanker compatibility effects. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14, 977-983. [PDF]

60. Shin, Y.-K., Cho, Y.-S., Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. W. (2007). Is the psychological refractory period effect for ideomotor compatible tasks eliminated by speed-emphasis instructions? Psychological Research, 71, 553-567. [PDF]

61. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., Hsieh, S.-L., & Yu, Y.-T. (2007). Parallel central processing between tasks: Evidence from lateralized readiness potential. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 133-141. [PDF]

62. Allen, P. A., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2007). Attention. In J. E. Birren (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Gerontology (2nd Ed., pp. 120-129). Academic Press: San Diego. [PDF]

63. Lien, M.-C., Allen, P. A., Ruthruff, E., Grabbe, J., McCann, R. S., & Remington, R. W. (2006). Visual word recognition without central attention: Evidence for greater automaticity with advancing age. Psychology and Aging, 21, 431-447. [PDF]

64. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & *Kuhns, D. (2006). On the difficulty of task switching: Assessing the role of task-set inhibition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 530-535. [PDF]

65. Cho, Y.-S., Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. W. (2006). Stroop dilution depends on the nature of the color carrier but not on its location. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 826-839. [PDF]

66. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Johnston, J. C. (2006). Attentional limitations in doing two tasks at once: The search for exceptions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 89-93. [PDF]

67. Allen, P. A., Smith, A. F., Lien, M.-C., Grabbe, J., & Murphy, M. D. (2005). Evidence for an activation locus of the word frequency effect in lexical decision. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 713-721. [PDF]

68. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., Remington, R. W., & Johnston, J. C. (2005). On the limits of advance preparation for a task switch: Do people prepare all the task some of the time or some of the task all the time? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 299-315. [PDF]

69. Lien, M.-C., McCann, R. S., Ruthruff, E., & Proctor, R. W. (2005). Confirming and disconfirming theories about ideomotor compatibility in dual-task performance: A reply to Greenwald (2005). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 226-229. [PDF]

70. Lien, M.-C., McCann, R. S., Ruthruff, E., & Proctor, R. W. (2005). Dual-Task performance with ideomotor compatible tasks: Is the central bottleneck intact, bypassed, or shifted in locus? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 122-144. [PDF]

71. Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2004). Task switching in a hierarchical task structure: Evidence for the fragility of the task repetition benefit. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 697-713. [PDF]

72. Lien, M.-C., Proctor, R. W., & Ruthruff, E. (2003). Still no evidence for perfect timesharing with two ideomotor compatible tasks: A reply to Greenwald (2003). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 1267-1272. [PDF]

73. Lien, M.-C., Schweickert, R., & Proctor, R. W. (2003). Task switching and response correspondence in the psychological refractory period paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 692-712. [PDF]

74. Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., Murphy, M. D., Sanders, R. E., Judge, K., & McCann, R. S. (2002). Age differences in overlapping-task performance: Evidence for efficient parallel processing in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 17, 505-519. [PDF]

75. Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. W. (2002). Stimulus-response compatibility and psychological refractory period effects: Implications for response selection. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 9, 212-238. [PDF]

76. Lien, M.-C., Proctor, R. W., & Allen, P. A. (2002). Ideomotor compatibility in the psychological refractory period effect: 29 years of oversimplification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 396-409. [PDF]

77. Proctor, R. W., Lien, M.-C., Vu, K.-P., Schultz, E. E., & Salvendy, G. (2002). Improving security for authentication of users: Influence of proactive password restrictions. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 34, 163-169. [PDF]

78. Schultz, E. E., Proctor, R. W., Lien, M.-C., & Salvendy, G. (2001). Usability and security: An appraisal of usability issues in information security methods. Computers & Security, 20, 620-634. [PDF]

79. Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. W. (2000). Multiple spatial correspondence effects on dual-task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 1260-1280. [PDF]

80. Proctor, R. W., Lien, M.-C., Salvendy, G., & Schultz, E. E. (2000). A task analysis of usability in third-party authentication. Information Security Bulletin, April, 49-56. [PDF]

81. Allen, P. A., Smith, A. F., Lien, M.-C., Weber, T. A., & Madden, D. J. (1997). Word frequency effects at brief exposure durations: Comment on Raap and Johansen (1994). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 1792-1797. [PDF]

Edited Books:

1. Lupiáñez, J., Lien, M.-C., & Asanowicz, D. (2024, eds.). Insights in Attention: 2022. Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-8325-4877-6

Book Chapters:

1. Levant, R. F., Allen, P. A., & Lien, M-C. (2023). Alexithymia in men: how and when does the deficit in the processing of emotions occur? Levant, R. F., & Pryor, S. (Eds.), Assessing and Treating Emotionally Inexpressive Men. New York: Routledge.

Book Reviews:

1. Lien, M.-C., & Remington, R. W. (2003). In a blink of the mind's eye: What you see is not what you get. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 495-496.

2. Proctor, R. W., & Lien, M.-C. (2002). Who's in control here? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 739-740.

Conference Presentations:  

1. *Barondyck, S., *Reitan, K.-M., *Lee, Y., *Higashi, L., *Tolomeo, D., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2025). Phasic alertness: Do warning signals enhance processing of salient information? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Denver, November 21.

2.  *Rakich, J., *Hauck, C., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2025). Attentional guidance in visual search 2.0: Target enhancement or distractor suppression? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Denver, November 21.

3.  *Rakich, J., *Eichelberger, E., Allen, P. A., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2025). On preventing attention capture: Does the ability to suppress salient distractors decline with age? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Denver, November 20.

4.  *Reitan, K.-M., *Tolomeo, D., *Hauck, C., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2025). On the nature of spatial suppression: Is it triggered by distractor potency? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Denver, November 21.

5. *Tolomeo, D., *Burgess, E., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2024). Shattering the attentional window account: The attentional window does not determine capture but search strategies do. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New York, November 23.

6.  *Burgess, E., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. A. (2024). Beyond the blur: The impact of outcome information on visual hindsight bias for emotional faces. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New York, November 22.

7.  *Hauck, C., *Tolomeo, D., *Burgess, E., *Reitan, K.-M., *Zamperin, C., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2024). The effect of search mode on distractor suppression: The director positive (PD) as an index of reactive and proactive suppression. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New York, November 21.

8.  *O’Dell, J., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2024). Attentional guidance in visual search: Target enhancement or distractor suppression? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New York, November 21.

9.  *Reitan, K.-M., *Tolomeo, D., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2024). What really determines distractor location suppression: Salience or task relevance? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New York, November 21.

10. ^Savelson, I., *Hauck, C., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Leber, A. B. (2024). Experience-dependent distractor rejection occurs rapdily but is difficult measure. Paper presented at the Vision Sciences Society Annual Meeting. https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.24.10.1212   

11. *Hauck, C., *Tolomeo, D., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2023). On preventing capture: Still no evidence for greater suppression with greater color singleton salience. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, November 18.

12.  *Darke, A., *Kutzler, C., *Pelpola, M., *Burgess, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2023). Gender difference on perceived facial attractiveness with medical masks. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, November 18.

13.  *Hauck, C., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2023). Proactive suppression is an implicit process that cannot be summoned on demand. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco. November 17.

14.  *Reitan, K., *Tolomeo, D., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2023). Don’t look there: Assessing proactive suppression of spatial locations. Poster presented at the 64th annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, November 17.

15.  *Tolomeo, D., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2023). Evidence that distractor suppression does not require attentional resources. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, November 17.

16.  *Lee, Y., Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. W. (2023). What is “spatial” about the emotional-induced attentional bias? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, November 17.

17.  *Burgess, E., *Parrack, S., Allen, P. A., & Lien, M.-C. (2023). The role of visual working memory capacity in facial recognition. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, November 16.

18.  ^Savelson, I., *Hauck, C., Lien, M.-C., Leber, A. B., & Ruthruff, E. (2023). Learned distractor rejection: Rapid, robust, and hard to measure. Paper presented at the Annual Object Perception, Attention, and Memory Conference, San Francisco, November 16.

19.  Allen, P. A., Labuda, R., Lien, M.-C., Loth, F., & Loth, D. (2022). The influence of pain, disability, anxiety and depression on immediate and delayed recall in Chiari patients. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society. November 19.

20. *Burgess, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2022). The role of perceptual difficulty in visual hindsight bias for emotional faces. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society. November 19.

21. *Hauck, C., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2022). On preventing capture: Does greater salience cause greater suppression? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society. November 18.

22. Ruthruff, E., Lien, M.-C., & *Hauck, C. (2022). Are color singletons powerful or powerless? Assessing capture in the absence of suppression. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society. November 18.

23. *Burgess, E., *Hauck, C., *De Pooter, E., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2022). Do salience abrupt onsets trigger suppression? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society. November 17.

24. *Hauck, C., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2022). Does superior visual working memory capacity enable greater distractor suppression? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society. November 17.

25. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & *Hauck, C. (2021). On preventing attention capture: Is singleton suppression actually singleton suppression? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society (virtual). November 5.

26.  *Hauck, C., & Lien, M.-C. (2021). The role of visual working memory capacity in attention capture among video game players. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society (virtual). November 5.

27. *Burgess, E., *Hauck, C., & Lien, M.-C. (2021). Navigating Zoom: The effect of individual working memory capacity and cognitive load. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society (virtual). November 6.

28.  ^Mallik, P. R., Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., ^Jardin, E. C., ^Houston, M., ^Houston, J. R., & ^Jurosic, B. K. (2021). An electrophysiological study of aging and perceptual letter-matching. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society (virtual). November 6. 

29. *Robison, B., *Schulz, A., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2019).  Electrophysiological evidence for facial attractiveness perception without attention. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Montréal, Québec, Canada. November 14-19.

30. *Purohit, R.,*Kennedy, H., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2019).  Does individual working memory capacity predict susceptibility to attention capture by distractors? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Montréal, Québec, Canada. November 14-19.

31. Allen, P. A., ^Lamancusa, K., ^Houston, J. R., ^Hughes, M. L., & Lien, M.-C. (2019).  Creativity remains stable through 55 years of age. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Montréal, Québec, Canada. November 14-19.

32. *Schulz, A., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2019). An electrophysiological study of the "weapon focus" effect. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, Scan Francisco, CA. March 25.

33. *Hinkson, J., Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. (2018). Emotional-induced attentional bias does not modulate interference effects in the Simon task. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, Louisiana. November 16th.

34. *Schulz,  A., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2018). An electrophysiological study of the "weapon focus" effect. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, Louisiana. November 16th.

35. ^Houston,  J., Allen, P., & Lien, M.-C. (2018). Aging and context effects in working memory: An event-related potential investigation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, Louisiana. November 16th.

36. Gaspelin, N., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2017). The problem of latent attentional capture: How to shrink a capture effect without altering the probability of capture. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. November 11th.

37. ^Hughes, M. L.,^Houston, J. R., Lien, M.-C., Vorster, S., Luciano, M. G., Loth, F., & Allen, P. A. (2017). Investigating neurological correlates of Chiari Malformation Type I symptomatology: A diffusion tensor imaging study of cognition and pain. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. November 10th.

38. *Schulz, A., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2017).  Searching for Brad Pitt: An electrophysiological study of automatic face recognition. Paper presented at the annual meeting of Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. November 10th.

39. *Wiebke, A., *Griswold, S., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2017).  The temporal dynamics of visual attention in processing facial emotion: What's special about facial emotion? Paper presented at the annual meeting of Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. November 9th.

40. *Wiebke, A., & Lien, M.-C. (2017).  The temporal dynamics of visual attention in processing facial emotion: What's special about facial emotion? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the UCLA Psychology Undergraduate Research Conference, Los Angeles. May 5th.

41. ^Jarin, E., Allen, P. A., Levant, R. F., Lien, M.-C., ^McCurdy, E., ^Villalba, A., & ^Houston, J. R. (2016). Alexithymia in men: An electrophysiological investigation of emotional processing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomics Society, Boston, Massachusetts. November 18th.

42. ^Mallik, P. R., Allen, P. A., & Lien, M.-C. (2016).  An electrophysiological study of neural noise for spatial memory in aging. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomics Society, Boston, Massachusetts. November 18th.

43. ^Houston, J. R., Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., Loth, F., Vorster, S., & Luciano, M. G. (2016). Chiari Malformation and hyper-vigilance: An EEG study. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomics Society, Boston, Massachusetts. November 19th.

44. *Naylor, J., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2015). Memory capacity in switching search strategies: Are low-capacity individuals more susceptible to capture by distractors? Paper will be presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, Illinois. November 19-22.

45. *Pedersen, L., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. A. (2015). Locus of case mixing in visual word recognition: What do priming effects tell us about lexical access? Paper will be presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, Illinois. November 19-22.

46. ^Jardin, E., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. A. (2015). Age-related differences in attentional capture by affective pictures: An event-related potential study. Paper will be presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, Illinois. November 19-22.

47. ^Houston, J. R., ^Pollock, J. W., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. A. (2015). Processing emotional faces: An ERP study of age-related differences in affective influences on attention. Paper will be presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, Illinois. November 19-22.

48. *Burros, A., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Allen, P. A. (2014). Age-related changes in face memory: are older adults less affected by emotion? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Long Beach, California. November 22nd.

49. *Sokoloff, E., *Burros, A., *Kunigel, J., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. A. (2014). Visual word recognition in a semantic categorization task: holistic processing or analytical processing? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Long Beach, California. November 21st.

50. *Pedersen, L., Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. W. (2014). Stimulus-response correspondence in a go-nogo task: Are reactions altered by the presence of salient objects? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Long Beach, California. November 21st.

51. *Naylor, J., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2014). Learning to attend: The influence of gain vs. loss on attention capture for younger and older adults. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Long Beach, California. November 21st.

52. *Martin, N., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. A. (2014). R34D1NG W0RD5 W1TH NUMB3R5 - Electrophysiological evidence for semantic activation. Paper presented at the International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience, Brisbane, Australia. July 27th.

53. *Herdener, N., *Burros, A., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Allen, P. A. (2013). Memory for emotional faces: Are angry faces more memorable than happy faces? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Toronto, Canada. November 15th.

54. *Gray, D., *Jardin, E., Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. W. (2013). What shape or color is the door handle? Correspondence effects are modulated by object location not grasping affordance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Toronto, Canada. November 15th.

55. *Martin, N., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. A. (2013). R34D1NG W0RD5 W1TH NUMB3R5 - Electrophysiological evidence for semantic activation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Toronto, Canada. November 16th.

56. ^Gaspelin, N., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2013). Capture by abrupt onsets: Now you see it, now you don't. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Toronto, Canada. November 15th.

57. Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., Buzzelli, C., Cooper-Shumway, H. (2013). Aging, emotional congruency effects, and automaticity. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Toronto, Canada. November 16th.

58. Lien, M.-C., *Taylor, R., & Ruthruff, E. (2013). Capture by fear revisited: An electrophysiological investigation. Paper presented at the 18th meeting of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology, Budapest, Hungary, Aug. 30th.

59. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Gaspelin, N. (2012). Do salience and relevance have multiplicative effects on the capture of spatial attention? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, MN. November 16th.

60. *Taylor, R., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2012). On the control of spatial attention: Is there an attentional bias toward negative emotion? Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, MN. November 16th.

61. *Jardin, E., Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. (2012). An electrophysiological study of object-based correspondence effects: Is visual processing modulated by the intended action? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, MN. November 16th.

62. *Naylor, J., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2012). Assessing capture following a switch in search strategy: Evidence for a breakdown of top-down control. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, MN. November 17th.

63. Pollock, J., *Khoja, N., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. (2012). Electrophysiological evidence for differential age differences in emotion perception. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, MN. November 17th.

64. Lien, M.-C., *Noesen, B., & Ruthruff, E. (2011). Electrophysiological evidence for the failure of salient stimuli to capture attention, even when presented rarely. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Seattle, WA. November 5th.

65. *Khoja, N., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2011). An electrophysiological dual-task study of visual word processing without task switching. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Seattle, WA. November 5th.

66. *Naylor, J., Lien, M.-C., Irons, J., & Remington, R. (2011). Contingent capture by a conjunction set. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Seattle, WA. November 5th.

67. *Thomas, M., *Risom, S., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Joel Lachter (2011). Reading without spatial attention: What is so special about Stroop? Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Seattle, WA. November 5th.

68. Allen, P., Lien, M.-C., & *Crawford, C. (2011). Electrophysiological evidence of different loci for word frequency and case mixing in visual word recognition. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Seattle, WA. November 5th.

69. Lien, M.-C., *Gemperle, A., & Ruthruff, E. (2011). Aging and involuntary attention capture: Electrophysiological evidence for preserved attentional control with advanced age. Paper presented at the 17th European Society for Cognitive Psychology, San Sebastian, Spain, October 1st.

70. *Risom, S., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2011). Capturing spatial attention: Does salience and relevance have multiple effects. Poster presented at the 17th European Society for Cognitive Psychology, San Sebastian, Spain, September 30th.

71. *Khoja, N., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2011). An electrophysiological dual-task study of visual word processing without task switching. Poster presented at the 11th International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience, Mallorca, Spain, September 25-29th.

72. *Herdener, N., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2009). Capture by salient objects: Evidence from a go/no-go Paradigm. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston, MA. November 21st.

73. *Shaw, K., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Allen, P. A. (2009). Assessing automatic emotion perception using event-related brain potentials. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston, MA. November 21st.

74. *Thompson, A., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Johnston, J. C. (2009). Switching attentional settings for visual search: Is inhibition applied? Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston, MA. November 21st.

75. Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2009). Influence of adult age and training on dual-task crosswalk performance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston, MA. November 20th.

76. *Croswaite, K., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Liao, M.-J. (2009). Controlling spatial attention without central attentional resources: Evidence from electrophysiology. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston, MA. November 20th.

77. *Kouchi, S., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Lachter, J. (2009). Does frequent repetition of a word enable automatic word processing? Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston, MA. November 19th.

78. *Croswaite, K., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2009). Do central attention and spatial attention operate independently? Evidence from electrophysiology. Poster presented at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society conference, San Francisco, March 23rd.

79. Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2008). Converging evidence for task-set inhibition in the voluntary task-switching paradigm. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, IL. November 14th.

80. Ruthruff, E., Lien, M.-C., Johnston, J. C., & *Adamic, E. (2008). Does involuntary attention capture require central resources. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, IL. November 14th.

81. Tomasik, D., Ruthruff, E., Allen, P. A., & Lien, M.-C. (2008). Non-automatic emotion perception in a dual-task situation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, IL, November 14th.

82. *Scott, A., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Lachter, J. (2008). Is spatial attention needed to extract meaning from words? Evidence from electrophysiology. Poster presented at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society conference, San Francisco, April 14th.

83. *Cornett, L., Lien M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Lachter, J. (2007). Electrophysiological evidence that semantic visual word processing requires spatial attention. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Long Beach, CA. November 16th.

84. *Cornett, L., Ruthruff, E., & Lien M.-C. (2007). Even attentional capture by singletons is contingent on top-down control settings. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Long Beach, CA. November 17th.

85. *Hulse, S., Allen, P. A., Ruthruff, E., Lien, M.-C. (2007). Word frequency and the P3: Evidence that visual word processing requires central attention. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Long Beach, CA. November 16th.

86. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Johnston, J. C. (2007). Attention capture in the face of changing attentional control settings. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Long Beach, CA. November 16th.

87. *Goodin, Z. I., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Remington, R. W. (2006). Electrophysiological evidence for contingent attentional capture. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Houston, TX. November 18th.

88. *Cornett, L., Ruthruff, E., Lien, M.-C., & *Goodin, Z. I. (2006). Assessing automatic word recognition using event-related potentials. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Houston, TX. November 18th.

89. *Kuhns, D., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2006). Switching between task sets: Factors determining the presence or absence of inhibition. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Houston, TX. November 18th.

90. Allen, P. A., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2006). Individual differences in reading ability and dual-task performance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Houston, TX. November 19th.

91. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., Hsieh, S.-L., & Yu, Y.-T. (2006). Parallel central processing between tasks: Evidence from the lateralized readiness potential. Poster presented at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society conference, San Francisco, April 8-11.

92. *Kuhns, D., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2005). Is task-set switching accomplished through task-set inhibition?  Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Toronto, Canada, November 12.

93. *Kuhns, D., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2005). To inhibit or not to inhibit: Is task-set inhibition the cause of task switch costs? Poster presented at the 14th conference of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, August 31st- September 3rd.

94. Ruthruff, E., Lachter, J., & Lien, M.-C. (2005). Is spatial attention needed for object identification? Evidence from the Stroop paradigm. Paper presented at the international conference of attentional control. National Cheng-Chung University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, January 6.

95. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., Remington, R. W., & Johnston, J. C. (2004). On the limits of advance preparation for a task switch. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, Minnesota, November 20.

96. Cho, Y.-S., Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. W. (2004). Stroop dilution depends on the role of the color word. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, Minnesota, November 20.

97. Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., Grabbe, J., McCann, R. S., & Remington, R. W. (2003). Age differences in slack effects for word frequency revisited. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, Canada, November 8.

98. Lien, M.-C., McCann, R. S., Ruthruff, E., & Proctor, R. W. (2003). Processing limitations in dual-task performance: Are ideomotor compatible tasks special? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, Canada, November 7.

99. Hazeltine, E. R., McCann, R. S., & Lien, M.-C. (2002). Effects of task foreknowledge on PRP performance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Kansas City, Missouri, November 22.

100. Lien, M.-C., McCann, R. S., Allen, P. A., & Harrison, A. (2002). Comparing Simon to Stroop: Which one is automatic? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Kansas City, Missouri, November 22.

101. Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2002). Element-level and ensemble-level task switching: The influence of task organization. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Kansas City, Missouri, November 23.

102. Bucur, B., Allen, P. A., & Lien, M.-C. (2002). Age differences in visual search: Separate response channels or coactivation? Paper presented at the American Psychology Association Convention, Chicago, Illinois, August 23.

103. Proctor, R. W., Lien, M.-C., Vu, K.-P., Schultz, E. E., & Salvendy, G. (2001). Influence of restrictions on password generation and recall. Paper presented at the annual meeting of Society for Computers in Psychology, Orlando, Florida, November 14.

104. Lien, M.-C., Proctor, R. W., & Allen, P. A. (2001). Ideomotor compatibility in the psychological refractory period effect. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Orlando, Florida, November 15.

105. Proctor, R. W., Lien, M.-C., Schultz, E. E., & Salvendy, G. (2001). Influence of password constraints on ease of use and user satisfaction. Paper presented at Purdue Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) Annual Research Symposium: Advancing the State and Practice of Information Assurance and Security, West Lafayette, IN, April 26.

106. Allen, P. A., Murphy, M. D., Sanders, R. E., & Lien, M.-C. (2000). The effect of stimulus familiarity on age differences in the PRP effect. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, LA, November 16.

107. Lien, M.-C., Schweickert, R., & Proctor, R. W. (2000). A reverse task switching effect in a dual task: Importance of response-response spatial correspondence. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orland, LA, November 16.

108. Proctor, R. W., Lien, M.-C., Schultz, E. E., & Salvendy, G. (2000). Human factors in information security methods. Paper presented at the joint meeting of the 14th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association and the 44th annual meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, San Diego, CA, August 3.

109. Proctor, R. W., Lien, M.-C., Schultz, E. E., & Salvendy, G. (2000). Usability issues in security-related tasks. Poster presented at Purdue Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) Annual Research Symposium: Advancing the State and Practice of Information Assurance and Security, West Lafayette, IN, April 20.

110. Proctor, R. W., Schultz, E. E., Lien, M.-C., & Salvendy, G. (1999). Psychological factors in information security methods. Paper presented at the 29th annual meeting of Society for Computers in Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, November 18.

111. Lien, M.-C., & Proctor, R. W. (1998). Effects of irrelevant location information on dual-task performance. Paper presented at the 39th annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Dallas, TX, November 17.

112. Allen, P. A., Pickel, J., & Lien, M.-C. (1997). A three-stream model of visual word recognition. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 22.

113. Allen, P. A., Pickel, J., Lien, M.-C., & Goldstein, B. (1996). Differential effects of case and color mixing. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, Illinois, November 2.