Europe. A journal for young people. Pages 16-24
The EU is not a nation but a unique grouping of nations. It also differs in structure from our own country.
The Council of the European Union (often called the Council of Ministers) is the body representing the governments of the EU countries. It is made up of the ministers of each country. Depending on the topic, this could mean the foreign, interior, or agriculture ministers. It discusses policy and also initiates European laws called regulations and directives. For majority decisions, 55 % of the Member States must vote in favor and they must also represent at least 65 % of the total EU population (this is called a double majority). ). The presidency of the Council changes every 6 months, with two country's holding the position at the same time.
The fundamental decisions on European policy are taken by the European Council. This is made up of the Heads of State or Government of the EU, who meet regularly at least every 3 months. It is chaired by a President elected for 2½ years by the European Council.
European Parliament, represents the citizens of the EU countries and is directly elected by them every 5 years. The Parliament has 751 members from all the Member States. The Parliament also votes to endorse the European Commission and can reject it. It also approves the budget of the European Union. So without the European Parliament, and through it the direct representation of the citizens, not much can be decided in Europe.
European Commission comprises one member per country, but they do not represent the views of their country of origin but rather the common interests of the European Union. Each Commission member is responsible for a specific area (rather like a minister) and has a 5-year mandate.
Court of Justice of the European Union consists of one judge per Member State, but passes independent judgments based on European law. It can repeal provisions where they conflict with European law and impose fines on the Member States if they do not abide by the law.
European Central Bank (ECB), which is the issuing bank for the euro countries. It is made up of representatives of the countries that have introduced the euro.
European Court of Auditors, which checks that European money is being spent properly and sensibly. In this way it ensures efficient financial management. Each Member State appoints a representative.