Enlish for IICT

Unit 4: How Technology Change

Part I. Reading Comprehension

Over the years, technology has revolutionized our world and daily lives. Technology has created amazing tools and resources, putting useful information at our fingertips.

Modern technology has paved the way for multi-functional devices like smartwatch and the smartphone. Computers are increasingly faster, more portable, and higher-powered than ever before. With all of these revolutions, technology has also made our lives easier, faster, better, and more fun. Technology has changed our lives by increasing the speed of time. We were human. We invented and developed the technologies to change our life to its best. Now that technology is changing our lives every second. Robots are our new human model and in the end, only robots control this world. Technology is now trying to go inside our body it’s almost there and the target is human blood and emotions. So, far! Technology is successful in that. In business, the use of Artificial Intelligence, cloud computing, machine learning, predictive analytics, and business intelligence tools, applications are now creating new methods to conduct, operate and manage the business. The rise of cloud computing, cloud storage,  Artificial intelligence, and Machine learning is the example, that we will be soon on the node that connects our body and capture the data of human activities in real-time. The invention and development of Technology have changed our life positively and negatively. The new technologies and inventions are results of our curiosity, creativity, and problem-solving techniques.

What else we will do on this earth if we’re not improving our self every day.  But it’s important that technological development should be environmental and human-friendly. Technology is a flower for life, not a productivity killer. We’re looking like a robotic human and it’s the biggest example of how technology has changed our lives positively and negatively. Technology is in the air, water, food, education, business, office, electricity, marketing, data storage, communication, cars, parking, traveling, foods, shopping, and banks, etc. It’s almost everywhere and in everything that is involved in our daily life. Technology is the king and human is a slave. But if a slave is clever, knowledgeable enough then they can manipulate the king (technologies). Do you know when you get up in the morning what you think? For example: How to improve my writing? How to market products, how to earn more money, how to live the life you want to live, how to achieve your goals and dreams and how to make this world better. These are things in which technologies help us.

Exercise:

1. Read and translate the blue words and expressions

2. Answer the following question

a. What is the text discussing about?

b. What happens to our lives when technology change?

c. What is the best example of how technology change?

d. What has technology create?

Part II. Language work Past Simple or Present Perfect Tense

Example:

1. We invented and developed the technologies to change our life to its best.

2. Over the years, technology has revolutionized our world and daily lives. 

Unit 5: Operating System (OS)

Part I: Speaking

1. Answer the following questions

2. Discuss about the picture using the text below as a model

 

Closest to the user is application program - software that help a user do required tasks. The operating system is a set of programs between application program and hardware.

Part II: Read the text and answer questions

Operating System

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware,[1][2] although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or is interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computer – form cellular phones to web servers and supercomputers.

The dominant desktop operating system is Microsoft Windows with a market share of around 82.74%. MAC OS is in second place (13.23%), and the varieties of Linux are collectively in third place (1.57%).

In the mobile (including smart phones and tablets), according to third quarter 2016 data, Android's share on smartphones is dominant with 87.5 percent with also a growth rate of 10.3 percent per year, followed by Apple's iOS with 12.1 percent with per year decrease in market share of 5.2 percent, while other operating systems amount to just 0.3 percent.Linux distributions are dominant in the server and supercomputing sectors. Other specialized classes of operating systems, such as embedded and real-time systems, exist for many applications.

A supervisory program or supervisor is a computer program, usually part of an operating system that controls the execution of other routines and regulates work scheduling, input/output operations, error actions, and similar functions and regulates the flow of work in a data processing system.

It can also refer to a program that allocates computer component space and schedules computer events by task queuing and system interrupts. Control of the system is returned to the supervisory program frequently enough to ensure that demands on the system are met.

Historically, this term was essentially associated with IBM's line of mainframe operating systems starting with OS/360. In other operating systems, the supervisor is generally called the kernel.

In the 1970s, IBM further abstracted the supervisor state from the hardware, resulting in a hypervisor that enabled full virtualization, i.e. the capacity to run multiple operating systems on the same machine totally independently from each other. Hence the first such system was called Virtual Machine or VM.