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Chapter Outline and Key Questions
What are the different types of housing and where are they found in cities?
Types of housing and their characteristics
Formal housing
- Built by government or private developers
- Legal right to occupy land
- Access to basic services
- High-quality building materials
Informal housing
- Self-built squatter settlements
- No legal right to occupy land
- Lack of access to basic services
The distribution of housing locations within cities
• Location of formal housing in cities
Found on desirable land (e.g., away from pollution, away from heavy industries)
• Location of informal housing in cities
Found on locally unwanted land-use (LULU) (e.g., near landfills, near sewage treatment plants)
Why are different types of housing located where they are in cities?
Factors affecting the location of formal and informal housing
Land-use planning (e.g., restrictive land use, zoning)
Developers (i.e., government and private developers)
Land price (i.e., cost of land for formal housing)
Housing financial support (i.e., finance schemes for the poor, improved access to finance for developers)
What is the relationship between housing and (i) the environment and (ii) people?
Relationship between housing and the environment
Use of natural resources (e.g., forests, water)
Environmental pollution (e.g., land, water)
Relationship between housing and people
Provision of basic needs (e.g., shelter, sanitation)
Presence of amenities (e.g., grocery shops, clinics)
Presence of communities (e.g., interactions with neighbours, sense of belonging)
How can these relationships be sustainably managed?
Sustainable management of housing in Singapore and other countries
Integrated land-use planning (e.g., by urban development authorities)
Provision of inclusive public housing (e.g., by housing development authorities)
Environmental features in buildings (e.g., zero energy building design)
Improvements to the conditions of slums (e.g., through government funding)
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