Classes

Curriculum

Sample of questions

Q1:Dfine the following :

a- Nucleic acid

b- Nucleoside

c- Nucleotide

d- Co-factor :

e- Translation

Q2: Explain the following :

a- Disaccharides

b- Lipid metabolism

Q3: write chemical structure of following:

A – glucose b- butyric acid c- vit C

b- CH₃(CH₂)₂COOH

A- C

The answers :

Q1:Dfine the following :

f- Nucleic acid : are polymers of nucleotides, joined together by phosphodiester linkages between the 5_- hydroxyl group of one pentose and the 3_- hydroxyl group of the next.

g- Nucleoside: it is purine or pyrimidine conjugates with a sugar unit ( usually β D ribose or 2 deoxy β D ribose ) the bond is formed between nitrogen atom number 1 of pyrimidine or in nitrogen atom number 9 and carbon atom number 1 of the sugar , this bond called N glycoside.

h- Nucleotide : A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine), a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups

i- Co-factor : factors aids enzymatic reactions like the vitamins which serve as cofactors (co-enzymes) for enzymatic reactions.

j- Translation : arrangement of amino acids that carried by t RNA in a chain according to instructions of m RNA . this process occurs in the ribosome

Q2: Explain the following :

a- Disaccharides:

have two monosaccharides units bonded together covalently by a glycosidic bond, which is formed when a hydroxyl group of one sugar reacts with the anomeric carbon of the other . This reaction represents the formation of an acetal form. For example, common table sugar is sucrose, a disaccharide that consists of a glucose unit bonded to a fructose unit , lactose ( galactose +glucose) , maltose(glucose+glucose)

b- Lipid metabolism :

In human and animals the digestion, mobilization, and

transport of fats (triglycerides) are summarized in following steps:

1- Bile salts emulsify dietary fats in the small intestine, forming mixed micelles.

2- Intestinal lipases degrade triacylglycerols.

3- Fatty acids and other breakdown products are taken up by the intestinal mucosa andconverted into triacylglycerols.

4- Triacylglycerols are incorporated, with cholesterol and apolipoproteins, into chylomicrons

5- Chylomicrons move through the lymphatic system and bloodstream to tissues.

6- Lipoprotein lipase, activated by apoC-II in the capillary, converts triacylglycerols to fatty acids and glycerol.

7- Fatty acids enter cells.

8- Fatty acids are oxidized as fuel or reesterified for storage.

Q3: write chemical structure of following:

A – glucose b- butyric acid c- vit C

A- b- butyric acid CH₃(CH₂)₂COOH

Course Book

Curriculum

Sample of questions

Q1:Dfine the following :

k- Biuret test

l- Benedict's test

m- Molisch's test

Q2: Identify the unknown solution A , B, C, D,

The answers :

Q1:Dfine the following :

n- Biuret test

The biuret test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of peptide bonds

o- Benedict's test

test for the presence of monosaccharides and reducing disaccharide sugars .

p- Molisch's test

is a sensitive chemical test for the presence of carbohydrates, based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by sulfuric acid to produce an aldehyde, which condenses with two molecules of phenol (usually α-naphthol, though other phenols (e.g. resorcinol, thymol) also give colored products), resulting in a red- or purple-colored compound.

Q2: Identify the unknown solution A , B, C, D,

A is glucose

B is albumin

C is tyrosine

D is sucrose

Course Book

Curriculum

Selective examples & answers of Modern Diagnosis

Q1 : mention the basis of donna

Q2 : write the procedure of mini vidas

Q3 : write the procedure of autoanalyzer

Q4 : differentiate between Mini vidas and ELASA

Answers:

Q1 : In saliva ((( high level of estrogen ------- free estrogen + salts = crystallization--- appears as lines ( fern shape ) on the slide ))))

Q2 : The Procedure :

· Insert the mini master lot ( master lot entry cardholders) for identification

· Press the mini master lot key in option selection keys , will appears a list includes –read master lot , choose it and wait about 5 minutes

· Mix R1(D.W) with R2(standard) ,

· pipe 0.2 ml from the mixture and add into the specific strip called reagent strip tray

· insert the strip in strip guide in section A or B

· by the same way, add the serum and calibrator

· insert the specific pipettes in their place which called solid phase receptacle (SPR) block

· showing up a list , select the assay and choose the name of test and the position

· showing up a list ,choose S

· press start

· wait ( about 35minutes) till showing up the result

Q3 : The procedure :

· Put the reagents

· Put the samples ( serum ) about 0.5 ml of serum

· Run the computer

· Chose the sign of question

· Appear three types of lists ( red color = still , blue color = recorded , green color = empty ) chose the green ( one )

· Write the code ( any number that not recorded )

· Write the name of patient

· Chose the name of test ( one or more than one )

· Press Run

· Wait till going out the result as a paper from a printer

Q4 : mixing the substrate with fluorescent residue in Mini vidas

Course Book

Curriculum

Selective examples & answers of practical comparative anatomy

Q1 :name the pointed parts in the following drawing : ( choose 10 ) 20M

Q2 : name the pointed parts in the following drawing : ( choose 20 ) 20M

Q 3: Draw the urinary system in the male . 5 M

Q 4: Draw the urinary system in the female . 5 M

Q3 : urinary system in the male Q4: urinary system in the Female

Course Book

Curriculum

Selective examples & answers of practical histology

Q1: a- name and draw (with label) the tissue?

b- the main characteristic is

Q2: a – name and draw(with label) the tissue .

b – This tissue is composed of -------------.

a – Two layers b – three layers c – one layer

Q3: a - Name and draw (with label) the tissue.

b- The free surface is filled with-----------.

c – It constitutes the ----------------------

Q4: a – Name and draw (with label) the tissue?

b – name the pointed cells

Q5 – a – name the pointed region

b – Found in-------------

Q6 – a – name the point part

b – Muscle fiber surrounded by ----------

Answers:

Q1: a- Pseudo stratified epithelium ( Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium)

b- is not reaching all of them to the surface

Q2: a –Simple columnar epithelium

b – C-

Q3: a - Stratified Squamous (Keratinized) Epithelium

b- keratin

c - epidermis of skin

Q4: a - Hyaline Cartilage

b – Chondrocytes

Q5 – a –trabeculae,

b – ribs, vertebrae, skull, ends of arm and leg's bone OR spongy bone

Q6 – a – Intercalated disk

b – endomysium

Course Book

Curriculum

Selective examples & answers of practical Embryology

Q1: a – name the organ.

b – what are the important components in this organ ? .

Q2: a – name the pointed structure .

b – is this structure has a cavity ?

Q3: a - name the organ.

b – name the important component in cortex of this organ .

Q4: a - name the organ.

b – this organ divided into --------------- which contain -------------.

Q5: a – name the organ .

b - name the pointed part .

Answers:

Q1: a –ovary

b –corpus luteum and ovarian follicles

Q2: a –Morulla

b –no

Q3: a - ovary

b – ovarian follic

Q4: a - testis

b –Testicular lobules seminiferous tubules

Q5: a – uterus

b - uterine gland

Course Book

Course overview:

Practical Haematology covers all of the techniques used in the investigation of patients with blood disorders, including the tried and true manual methods of measurement. It discusses the principles of each test, possible causes of error, and the interpretation and clinical significance of these findings. Each chapter conforms to a template, providing quick access to key information.

Course objectives:

At the end of the course The students should be able to

• Proper handling the manual methods of measurement

• Learn the students some of the more commonly used instruments related to haematological laboratories

Course Reading List and References

Curriculum

Selective examples & answers of practical haematology

Q1– The unit of RBC count means-----------------

Q2- Sign (T) on the correct sentence and (F) on the false sentence and correct the false in following sentences:

a - WBC diluting pipette has 0.5 and 1.0 ml on the stem and 11.0 mark above the bulb.

b - The diluting fluid in RBC count stains the RBCs only.

c – The diluting fluid in WBC count stains the WBCs only.

Q3 –The following numbers are normal values for different estimations. add a suitable unit for them then retun to suitable estimation .

390 000

15

5

7989

1

0.0

Q4– If the large left upper angle square contains 54 cells, large right upper angle square contains 50 cells, large left lower angle square contains 49cells and large right lower angle square contains 56 cells of hemocytometer . Count the WBC.

Q5 : a – name the instrument .

b – for which estimation its used ? .

Q6: a - name the instrument .

b – what is its use ?

Q7: a – cross matching means: test the -------- of a receiver with a -------- of a donor .

b – which one is used in cross matching ? 1- pipette 2- slide

Q8: a – for which estimation this dropper is used ?

b – O blood group means the ----------- without antigen .

Answers:

Q1: number of RBCs per cubic millimeter of hemocytometer filled with whole blood.

Q2: a – F ml/ mark

b - T

c - T

Q3: 390 000 platelets / cumm ------plateletes count ,

15 gm / 100 ml of blood ----Hb,

5 mintue---- bleeding time ,

7989 cell/cumm ---WBC,

1 minutes ---clotting time, coagulating time

0.0 mm / hour--- ESR

Q4: 54 + 50+49+56= 209

209 × 50 = 10 450 cells / cumm within normal ranges

Q5 : a – sahli pipette

b – Hb

Q6: a - westergren rack

b – fixation the westergren tubes in settle state

Q7: a – blood serum blood ( RBC)

b – 2- √

Q8 a – blood grouping

b – RBC

Course Book

Curriculum

Selective examples & answers of practical Endocrinology

Q1 : a – name the pointed part.

b – the cells of this part produce glucagon while the β cells produce -------.

Q2 : a – name the gland .

b – name the pointed area .

Q3 : a – give two names of this gland .

b – draw and label this gland .

Q4 : a – give two names of this gland .

b – name the pointed lobe .

Q5 : a – name the pointed structure .

b – each structure like the pointed structure contains more than 4 ------ cells which produce -----------

.

Answers:

Q1 : a –Pancreatic islet

b – insulin hormone

Q2 : a –pineal gland

b –corpora arenacea ( brain sand) , deposits of ca…

Q3 : a –adrenal gland or suprarenal gland

b – draw and label this gland .

Q4 : a –pituitary gland or hypophysis

b –posterior lobe , posterior pituitary, neurohypophysis.

Q5 : a –pancreatic acinus

b – acinar gastric juice .

Course Book

Course overview:

Practical chordate includes study the samples of chordata phylum which considers the highest phylum in the animal kingdom. Characterized by a notochord, nerve, cord and gill slits; includes the urochordates, lancets, and well-known vertebrates (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).

Course objectives:

At the end of the course The students should be able to

• Knowledge the scientific names and common names of several animals depending on the samples

• Identification the parts of animals ( external structures and internal structures )

Course Reading List and References

Curriculum

Selective examples & answers of practical chordate

Q1 – a – give the scientific name of this animal.

b – The body appears striated which returns to ---------------.

Q2 – a – name the region in this figure (which region?).

b – this region is identified by depending on ------------

Q3 – a - differentiate between larva and adult in this animal sample.( only three points).

b – The animal has dorsal fin and -------- fin.

Q4 – a – name the genus

b –which animal resembles it.

Q5 – a- name the pointed part.

b – is this part present in Shark ?

Q6 – a – name the genus of these animals.

b – are these animals have oral suckers ?

c – give the common name of these animals

Answers:

Q1 – a –Amphioxus lanceolatus

b –myosepta

Q2 – a –Oral region

b –size of neural tube which is bigger than notochord

Q3 – a - Notochord present in larva and absent in adult

- Larva is tad pole ( head and tail) but the adult ovoid( head)

- Tunic and mantle well developed in adult while not well developed in the larva

b –caudal fin

Q4 – a –skate

b –Sting ray

Q5 – a- Operculum

b –No

Q6 – a –Ascidia

b – no

c –Sea squirt

Course Book

Course overview:

Practical comparative anatomy includes comparative study of samples with well-known vertebrates (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).

Course objectives:

At the end of the course The students should be able to

• Knowledge the scientific names and common names of several animals depending on the samples

• Knowledge the differences between animal parts

• Differentiation the parts of animals ( external structures and internal structures )

Course Reading List and References

Curriculum

Selective examples & answers of practical comparative anatomy

Q1: a – compare the scapula of cat with the scapula of the rabbit in

1 – extension of the spine

2 – ratio of supraspinous fossa to infraspinous fossa

Q2: a – the shape of scales in back region of this animal is ----------.

b – the shape of scales in belly region of this animal is ----------.

Q3: a – is the skin of this animal similar to the skin of human?

b – the epidermis of this skin composed of -----------------.

Q4: a - name the pointed part .

b – the number of ribs in the frog is ------ .

Q5: a – which one of these integumentary systems belongs to porcupines( 1or 2 or 3 or…) ?

b – name that integumentary system which belongs to porcupine .

Answers:

Q1: a – compare the scapula of cat with the scapula of the rabbit in

1 – extension of the spine

2 – ratio of supraspinous fossa to infraspinous fossa

1 – ext in cat to end in rabbit to middle

2 – ratio in cat 1:2 in rabbit 3:1

lizard

Q2: a – the shape of scales in back region of this animal is ----------. granular or rounded

b – the shape of scales in belly region of this animal is ----------. Rectangular

Slide of skin of dog

Q3: a – is the skin of this animal similar to the skin of human? Ans. Yes

b – the epidermis of this skin composed of -----------------. St.sq.kera.epi

frog skeleton

Q4: a - name the pointed part . ans. Calcanium ….with long finger

b – the number of ribs in the frog is ------ . 0.0

box of integu.(quills)

Q5: a – which one of these integumentary systems belongs to porcupines( 1or 2 or 3 or…) ?

b – name that integumentary system which belongs to porcupine . quills

Course Book

Curriculum

Selective examples & answers of practical comparative anatomy

Q1 :name the pointed parts in the following drawing : ( choose 10 ) 20M

Q2 : name the pointed parts in the following drawing : ( choose 20 ) 20M