Application of the BLK-360 Terrestrial Laser Scanner for 3D Modeling and Structural Analysis of the Lebak Cibedug Megalithic Terraces

Harriyadi1*, Dimas Nugroho1, Dewangga E. Mahardian2, Fuad S. Pranoto3, and Try K. Wardana3

1Research Center for Prehistory and Historical Archaeology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia; 2Research Center for Archaeometry, BRIN, Indonesia; 3Research Center for Aeronautics Technology, BRIN, Indonesia; *harriyadi93@gmail.com

The Lebak Cibedug megalithic site is a stepped terrace monument characterised by tiered structures constructed from andesite stone. These architectural elements highlight regional megalithic variations and serve as vital precursors to monumental architecture in the Indonesian archipelago. Situated within the remote Cibedug customary forest of Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, the site’s rugged terrain and dense vegetation severely limit conventional documentation methods. Consequently, deploying laser-based scanning technology, specifically the Leica BLK-360, offers a significant opportunity to advance comprehensive structural analysis and modern preservation strategies for these remains. This research employs direct field surveys utilising the BLK-360 scanner and Cyclone 360 software to generate millimetre-accurate point cloud data. This approach facilitates the precise recording of stone terraces, menhirs, ancient stairways, internal spatial layouts, and overall site orientation. Such digital methodology enables an in-depth examination of construction techniques and micro-architectural variations. Furthermore, the resulting 3D models serve as a crucial digital archive, mitigating modern conservation threats and ensuring the site's long-term preservation. Ultimately, this high-resolution terrestrial data provides a robust framework for structural analysis. By contextualizing the scanned site within its challenging physical landscape, this study significantly enhances our understanding of spatial diversity, environmental interaction, and construction variations within Southeast Asian megalithic communities.