Spiritual Preparation in the Reliefs of Candi Kedaton

Kezia Permata

Candi Kedaton is a Hindu temple located in Andungbiru, Tiris, Probolinggo, East Java, often seen as an altar or platform for worship or meditation. Built of andesite stone, the temple bears a stair-wall inscription dated 1292 Saka (1370 CE), dating it to the reign of Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit, and the carving style follows late East Javanese conventions. Recent documentations show that while the temple remains in good condition, many reliefs are worn or partially reconstructed. Despite its modest construction and remote location, the temple features reliefs depicting three significant Old Javanese narratives: Arjuna Wiwaha, Garudeya, and Bhomakawya. Each narrative is presented in an “incomplete” form, with only selected episodes or fragments shown in the reliefs. This study explores the relationship between the reliefs and their narratives through an in-depth analysis of thematic similarities, the arrangement of relief panels, and art historical interpretation. The results reveal that all three tales revolve around a theme of purification, in which each protagonist undergoes difficulties, temptations, and challenges as part of their journey of personal growth. The relief sequences commence and conclude at specific moments that focus on preparation and self-development rather than conflict, and all three stories end just prior to the main confrontation. Moreover, the placement of the narratives on different sides of the temple seems to symbolise directional significance, as suggested by previous research. These observations imply that the reliefs at Candi Kedaton are intentionally arranged to form a narrative and positioning that highlight spiritual preparation, resonating with the temple’s purpose.