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[For current corporate info as DynCorp, see DynCorp International ]

DynCorp (/ˈdaɪnkɔːrp/),^[5] most recently DynCorp International, is an American private military contractor.^[6] Started as an aviation company, the company also provides flight operations support, training and mentoring, international development, intelligence training and support, contingency operations, security, and operations and maintenance of land vehicles.^[7] DynCorp receives more than 96% of its more than $3 billion in annual revenue from the U.S. federal government.^[8][9]

The corporate headquarters are in an unincorporated part of Fairfax County near Falls Church, Virginia. The company's contracts are managed from its office at Alliance Airport in Fort Worth, Texas.

DynCorp has provided services for the U.S. military in several theaters, including Bolivia, Bosnia, Somalia, Angola, Haiti, Colombia, Kosovo and Kuwait.^[10] DynCorp International also provided much of the security for Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai's presidential guard and trains much of Afghanistan's and Iraq's fledgling police force.^[11] DynCorp was also hired to assist recovery in Louisiana and neighboring areas after Hurricane Katrina.^[12][13] DynCorp has held one contract on every round of competition since receiving the first Contract Field Teams contract in 1951. DynCorp won the LOGCAP II contract and is one of three contract holders on the current LOGCAP IV contract.^{[clarification needed][jargon]}

History

Beginnings (1946–1961)

DynCorp traces its origins from two companies formed in 1946: California Eastern Airways (CEA), an air freight business, and Land-Air Inc., an aircraft maintenance company.^[14] California Eastern Airways was founded by a small group of returning World War II pilots who wanted to break into the air cargo business.^[15] They were one of the first firms to ship cargo by air, and within a year, the firm was serving both coasts.^[16][17] California Eastern Airways diversified into multiple government aviation and managerial jobs, airlifted supplies for the Korean War, and was responsible for the White Sands Missile Range (a client that DynCorp has retained for 50 years).^[15][17]

In 1951 Land-Air Inc., which implemented the first Contract Field Teams (teams of technicians that maintained military aircraft for the United States Air Force), was bought by California Eastern Aviation Inc.^[17][18] DynCorp still holds the contract 50 years later, maintaining rotary and fixed-wing aircraft for all branches of the U.S. Armed Forces.^[17] At this time, revenues for the company reached $6 million.^[17]

In 1952 the company, renamed California Eastern Aviation, Inc., merged with Air Carrier Service Corporation (AIRCAR), which sold commercial aircraft and spare parts to foreign airlines and governments.^[17]

Dynalectron (1962–1987)

By 1961 California Eastern Aviation needed a new name to reflect the growing and diversifying company. The name "Dynalectron Corporation" was selected from 5,000 employee suggestions.^[17] In 1976 Dynalectron established headquarters in McLean, Virginia.^[19] Due to its growing size, the company restructured into four main operating groups: Specialty Contracting, Energy, Government Services, and Aviation Services.^[17] In the 30 years since the foundation of CEA, Dynalectron had acquired 19 companies in 30 years, had assets of $88 million, maintained a backlog of $250 million, employed 7,000, and had annual sales of $300 million.^[17]

In 1964 Dynalectron diversified into the energy services business with the acquisition of Hydrocarbon Research, Inc.^[20] Through this acquisition Dynalectron developed a process called H-Coal, which converted coal into synthetic liquid fuels.^[21] The work began to attract national attention with the Arab Oil Embargos of the 1970s.^[22] By the early 1980s Texaco Inc., Ruhrkohle AG, and C. Itoh & Co. were all marketing Dynalectron's H-Oil process.^[23][24]

Between 1976 and 1981 the company had two public stock offerings and acquired another 14 companies.^[25] By 1986 Dynaelectron was one of the largest defense contractors in North America.^[25]

DynCorp and expansion (1987–2003)

In 1987 Dynalectron changed its name to DynCorp.^{[citation needed]} In 1988 DynCorp went private to avoid a hostile takeover by Miami financier Victor Posner, via an employee initiative led by [Daniel Richard Bannister (born 1930)]. Bannister, as T. Rees Shapiro wrote in his 2011 obituary, "was paid $1.65 an hour when he joined DynCorp as an electronics technician in 1953," rising to serve as its president and CEO (1985 to 1997).

[For the rest, after the name change, see DynCorp International .]

Services

Air operations

DynCorp International provides aviation support to reduce the flow of illicit drugs, strengthen law enforcement, and eliminate terrorism.^[35][36] Their air operations include the operation of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft on and around aircraft carriers for either combat or non-combat missions, aviation life support missions, and aerial/satellite imagery.^[37][38] DynCorp was hired to strengthen the Afghan air force, helping to train Afghan pilots so they could, in turn, train other Afghans.^[39] They have also provided air operations support in Iraq, including search and rescue, medical evacuations, and transporting quick reaction forces.^[40][41]

Aviation

DynCorp International began as an aeronautical company in the 1950s and continues to provide aviation support globally. Aviation support including emergency response air programs,^[42] aircraft maintenance,^[43] theater aviation support management,^[44] helicopter maintenance support,^[45] supportability and testing.^[35][36][46]

In 2012 DynCorp played a key part in the Space Shuttle Endeavour's final flight as it made its way from the Kennedy Space Center in Orlando to the California Science Center in Los Angeles aboard NASA's specially crafted Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA). The SCA was a uniquely configured Boeing 747-100 aircraft.^{[47][better source needed][48]} DynCorp mechanics worked with NASA and other support contractors performed maintenance and inspection services to the SCA. DynCorp's involvement in Endeavour's final flight was part of a contract NASA awarded to the company in April 2012 to provide aircraft maintenance and operational support at various locations throughout the country.^[49]

Emergency response air programs

DynCorp has been working with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (known as CAL FIRE) to suppress and control wild land fire.^[50] DynCorp flies and maintains Grumman S-2 Tracker fire retardant air tankers and OV-10A aircraft, and maintains and services civilian UH-1H Super Huey helicopters flown by CAL FIRE pilots. Operating from across California, aircraft can reach most fires within 20 minutes.^[50]

Aircraft maintenance

DynCorp provides aircraft maintenance, fleet testing and evaluation for rotary, fixed, "lighter-than-air", and unmanned aircraft.^[37][38] Specifically, they provide on-site work for project testing, transient, loaner, leased and tested civilian aircraft services. DynCorp also performs supportability and safety studies as well as off-site aircraft safety and spill containment patrols and aircraft recovery services.^[51] DynCorp has received contracts for aircraft maintenance with the United States Navy,^[46] the U.S. Air Force,^[52] the U.S. Army,^[53] and NASA.^[54] DynCorp provides aircraft maintenance in countries including the Republic of the Philippines,^[55] the United States, throughout Europe, Southwest Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.^[44] Additionally, DynCorp provides aircraft maintenance support to facilities including the NAS Patuxent River,^[56] Johnson Space Center in Houston, the Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, NASA facilities in El Paso, Texas, Edwards Air Force Base in California,^[54] and Robins Air Force Base (AFB) in Georgia.^[52]

Among its notable awards is its unbroken record of having received a contract in every round of competition under the United States Air Force-managed Contract Field Teams (CFT) program since the CFT program started in 1951.

The company recently opened up an office in Huntsville, Alabama, to allow it to further focus on its aviation business. The Army Materiel Command, Army Contracting Command and the U.S. Army Security Assistance Command all have or soon will have their headquarters on Redstone Arsenal.^[57] The U.S. Air Force chose DynCorp to supply support services for the military's T-6 and T-6B trainer aircraft. As part of that contract DynCorp will open, operate and manage Contractor Operated and Maintained Base Supply facilities at nine Air Force and Navy locations.^[58]

Helicopter maintenance support

DynCorp International has been the incumbent recipient of helicopter maintenance and support contracts supporting the U.S. Army, the U.S. Air Force, and the U.S. Navy.^[41][59] It also received the task order to provide theater aviation support management for US Army helicopters in Europe (TASM-E).^[60] The U.S. Army Contracting Command gave DynCorp International a contract to provide a maintenance augmentation team for the Kuwait Air Force's AH-64D Apache helicopter maintenance program. DynCorp has worked as a partner for supporting the Air Force's fleet of 39 F/A-18 Hornet aircraft program since 1997.^[59][61]

• Contingency operations [ 1990s - See DynCorp International ]

• Development [ See DynCorp International ]

• Intelligence training and solutions [ See DynCorp International ]

• Operations and maintenance [ See DynCorp International ]

• Security services [ See DynCorp International ]

• Training and mentoring [ See DynCorp International ]

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