Milky Way Galaxy
100,000 light years
100 billion stars
283 million years for a spiral rotation
5-10 billion people
Map 10-20 star systems
History of Flight
1900 - Pioneers began with gliders made of little more than wood and canvas and risked their lives to further our knowledge of flight.
1920 - Spectacular air shows drew huge crowds, single seater monoplanes traveled faster than ever before, and aviation capture the attention of a word wide audience
1930 - Golden age of aviation brought aircraft that were safer and more reliable than ever before. Air travel remained the province of the wealthy.
1940 - The innovations of the time included high speed long range bombers and the cat changed the face of modern warfare. After the war large numbers of piston engines aircraft were used for commercial transport until superseded by jet power.
1950 - The jet age came into its own with setting of new speed records and the first jet airliner. Electronic control made flying much safer than ever before
1960 - The cold war gave rise to ever faster jets, sleek spy planes, and sophisticated helicopters. Airliners such as the Boeing 707 came into sue on the long haul routes.
1970 - The Boeing 747 revolutionized commercial air transport. Fighter planes were routinely flying faster than the speed of sound, and Concorde brought the same performance to the civilian market. Vertical takeoff allowed powerful combat jets to be launched from the ocean going carriers
1980 - Flying became a standard mode of travel, creating a fiercely competitive market. Jets became increasingly powerful, and the military revealed stealth planes.
1990 - Airlines became bigger than ever before, and the executive jet market expanded. Military planes took a leap forward with B2 Spirit flying wing.
2000 - After 100 years of flight there are more frontiers of flight for journeying to the edge of space.
History of Space Flight
1950 - Space Exploration – Russia Sputnik
1952: Russia: First artificial satellite Sputnik 1 (10/4/1957)
1955: Hovercraft: Christopher Cockerell
1957: USSR: Sputnik 2: Laika
1958: USA: Explorer 1: Discovered the Van Allen Belts
1958: Flight data recorder: David Warren
1959: USSR: Luna 2: First spacecraft to reach the Moon
1959: USSR: Luna 3: First circumnavigation of Moon
1962: USA: Mariner 2: First interplanetary mission – Venus flyby
1962: USSR: Ranger 7: Impact with the Moon
1964: USA: Mariner 4: First close up pictures of Mars
1964: USA: Mariner 5: Venus flyby
1966: USSR: Luna 9: First successful lunar soft landing
1966: USSR: Luna 10: First spacecraft in lunar orbit
1966: USA: Surveyor 1: First US soft landing on the Moon
1966: USA: Lunar Orbiter 1: First lunar orbiting survey vehicle
1967: USSR: Venera 4: First data back from inside atmosphere of Venus
1969: USA: Mariner 6: Mars flyby, first high resolution images from Mars
1970: USSR: Venera 7: First data back from surface of Venus
1970: USSR: Luna 16: Soft landing on Moon with return of samples to Earth
1971: USSR: Mars 2: Mars orbiter and landers, only orbiter successful
1971: USA: Mariner 9: Mars orbiter, first global mapping of planet
1972: Pioneer 10: First Jupiter flyby
1972: Venera 8: First chemical analysis of Venus
1973: USA: Pioneer 11: Second Jupiter flyby and first Saturn flyby
1973: USA: Mariner 10: First flyby of Mercury, obtained Venus data en route
1975: USSR: Venera 9: Data from surface of Venus and from orbiter
1975: USSR: Venera 10: Data from surface of Venus and from orbiter
1975: USA: Viking 1: First soft landing on Mars, also Mars orbiter
1975: USA: Viking 2: Second soft landing on Mars, also Mars orbiter
1977: USA: Voyager 1: Flybys of Jupiter, Saturn , Titan
1977: USA: Voyager 2: Grand your flybys of Jupiter, Saturn , Uranus, Neptune
1978: USA: Pioneer Venus Orbiter: First radar mapping of Venus from orbit
1978: USA: Pioneer Venus Probe Carrier: Atmospheric composition, radiation balance, cloud particle characteristics from four entry probes
1978: USSR: Venera 11: Atmospheric and cloud composition of Venus, surface studies
1978: USSR: Venera 12: Atmospheric and cloud composition of Venus, surface studies
1981: USSR: Venera 13: Venus atmosphere and surface studies: detection of lightning discharges
1981: USSR : Venera 14: Venus atmosphere and surface studies: detection of lightning discharges
1983: USSR: Venera 15: Orbiting radar mapping of Venus surface topography
1983: USSR: Venera 16: Orbiting radar mapping of Venus surface topography
1984: USSR: VEGA 1: Venus flyby, descent probe landing, balloon deployment
1984: USSR: VEGA 2: Closest to Halley nucleus, imaging
1985: ESA: Giotto: Closest approach to Halley nucleus, imaging
1989: USA: Magellan: Orbital radar mapping of Venus
1989: USA: Galileo: Flybys of Moon, Venus, and asteroids Gaspra and Ida, jovian orbital tour
1996: USA: NEAR: First near Earth asteroid mission, orbiting Eros
1996: USA: Mars Global Surveyor: Mars polar orbiter
1996: USA: Mars Pathfinder: Mars lander, small rover
International Space Station
Space station assembled from modules in Earth orbit largely by the U.S. and Russia, with assistance and components from a multinational consortium.
1998: The launches of a Russian control module and a U.S.-built connecting node, which were linked in orbit by space shuttle astronauts
The project, which began as a U.S. effort, was long delayed by funding and technical problems. Originally called Freedom in the 1980s, it was redesigned in the 1990s to reduce costs and expand international involvement, at which time it was renamed. In-orbit construction started in late 1998 with the launches of a Russian control module and a U.S.-built connecting node, which were linked in orbit by space shuttle astronauts. In mid 2000 a habitat and control center module was added, and later in the year the ISS received its first resident crew, comprising two Russians and an American. Other elements were subsequently joined to the station, with the overall plan calling for a complex of laboratories and habitats crossed by a long truss supporting four large solar power arrays. Station construction involved at least 16 countries, including Canada, Japan, Brazil, and 11 members of the European Space Agency. Much of the early work aboard the ISS would focus on long-term life-sciences and material-sciences research in the weightless environment. It was expected to serve as the basis for human operations in Earth orbit for at least the first quarter of the 21st century.
2000 - New Millennium in Space
February 12, 2001- First Landing on an Asteroid
February 14, 2001 - 100th U.S. Spacewalk
March 11, 2001 - New Space Walk Record
April 28, 2001 - First Tourist in Space
February 1, 2003 - Space Shuttle - Columbia Disaster
February 1, 2003 - President Bush's - Columbia Speech
October 15, 2003 - First Chinese Manned Spaceflight
January 3, 2004 - Spirit Rover Lands on Mars
January 25, 2004 - Opportunity Rover Lands on Mars
June 21, 2004 - First Manned Private Space Flight
2004 - Venture Star - Next generation reusable spacecraft - Fixed the tanks for spacecraft.
July 1, 2004 - Cassini Probe Arrives at Saturn
October 5, 2004 - X PRIZE Awarded
January 14, 2005 - First Landing on an Alien Moon
July 4, 2005 - First Impact With a Comet
July 26, 2005 - Space Shuttle Returns to Flight
January 15, 2006 - First Comet Samples Returned to Earth
March 6, 2009 - The Hunt for Extrasolar Planets
December 8, 2010 - First Commercial Orbit and Return
March 18, 2011 - First Spacecraft to Orbit Mercury
July 8, 2011 - Final Flight of the Space Shuttle Program
July 18, 2011 - Largest Space Telescope Launched
July 16, 2011 - First Spacecraft to Orbit an Asteroid
May 22, 2012 - First ISS Commercial Supply Mission
August 6, 2012 - Curiosity Rover Lands on Mars
August 25, 2012 - First Man-made Spacecraft in Interstellar Space
October 14, 2012 - First Skydive Jump to Break the Sound Barrier
August 6, 2014 - First Spacecraft to Orbit a Comet
November 12, 2014 - First Spacecraft to Land on a Comet
March 6, 2015 - First Spacecraft to Orbit a Dwarf Planet
July 14, 2015 - First Spacecraft to Reach Pluto
August 10, 2015 - First Food Grown in Space and Eaten
December 21, 2015 - First Propulsive Landing of an Orbital Rocket
September 21, 2018 - First Operational Rover on an Asteroid
January 3, 2018 - First Soft Landing on the Far Side of the Moon
April 10, 2019 - First Image of a Black Hole
January 3, 2018 - First Seeds Germinated on Another Celestial Body
January 7, 2020 - First Food Baked in Space
May 30, 2020 - First Commercial Manned Space Mission
10/27/2020 - 'Fireball' meteorite that fell to Earth in 2018 reveals its secrets
10/27/2020 - NASA Discovers a Rare Metal Asteroid That’s Worth $10 Quadrillion
2021 - Mars rover and Ingenuity Helicopter
2021 - Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin, Space X space launches
2021 - James Web Telescope
2022 - SLS Artemis moon mission launch
2023 - Psyche mission to asteroid Pysche 16
2023 - Starship Launch
2023 - Siena Galaxy Atlas
2024 - Amazon Project Kupier
2025 - Hubble Network - bluetooth network satellite - 600 km
2026 - Starlink hits 10 million users
2026 - Artemis moon mission
2026 - Amazon Project Leo
2026 - AST SpaceMobile Blue Walker satellites