99 Ways To Pass the ES Regents! (Running yearly H.W.)
Directions:
You will be responsible for learning ALL of these facts throughout the school year.
You must make a flash-card for each number and STUDY them!
They are divided up based off topics. Once we have started learning a topic in class you will be responsible for knowing all the facts associated with that topic.
You will be quizzed every Friday of each week on all the facts we have learned up to that Friday.
Unit 1: Measurements
1-Dark & rough / absorbs light
Light & smooth / reflects light
2-The closer & larger two objects are / the greater the force of gravity
3-When in doubt / use the reference tables
Unit 2: Measuring Earth
4-The earth’s orbit is / nearly circular
5-The earth rotates / west to east, 15 degrees per hour, in 24 hours or one day
6-Shadows get longer as the sun / gets lower
7-The altitude of Polaris equals / the latitude of the observer
8-The earth revolves / counterclockwise, 1 degree per day, in 365 1/4 days or one year
Unit 3: Topographic Maps
9-The closer isolines are / the steeper the gradient
Unit 4: Weathering & Erosion
10-Weathering occurs when rocks are exposed to / the hydrosphere, biosphere, & atmosphere
11-Moist & warm climates favor / chemical weathering
12-Moist & cold climates favor / physical weathering
13-As particle size decreases / surface area increases & the rate of weathering increases
14-Soils develop as a result of / weathering and biological activity
15-The primary force that drives the agents of erosion is / gravity
16-Stream velocity depends on / gradient and volume of water
17-The outside of a meander bend is / fast and erodes. The inside of a meander bend is / slow and deposits
18-As stream velocity increases, the size of the particles that can be transported / increases
19-Streams carry sediments by / solution, suspension, bouncing & rolling
20- Streams valleys are / V shaped
21-The area drained by a river and its tributaries is a / watershed
Unit 5: Deposition & Glaciations
22-The particles that settle out first are / larger, most dense, and roundest
23-Water and wind deposits are / sorted by size and layered
24-Gravity and glacial deposits are / unsorted
25-Resistant layers of rock / stick out (forms cliffs)
26-Glacial landscapes show / U shaped valleys, depressions, irregular hills, scratched boulders
27-The sediments deposited at the mouth of a river form a / delta
Unit 6: Minerals & Resources
28-The mineral & rock that react to acid are/ calcite & limestone
29-Minerals are identified on the basis of / well defined physical and chemical properties
30-The basic elements of most minerals are / oxygen and silicon
31-The physical properties of minerals depends upon / the internal arrangement and bonding of atoms
Unit 7: Rocks
32-Rocks are classified on the basis of / their origin (how they formed)
33-Igneous rocks form by / the crystallization of molten magma or lava (intergrown crystals)
34-Crystal size in igneous rocks depends on / the rate of cooling
35-Intrusive igneous rocks form / slowly beneath the earth’s surface (large crystals)
36-Extrusive igneous rocks form / quickly on the earth’s surface (small crystals)
37-Continents are / granite and thick
Oceans are / basalt and thin
38-Sedimentary rocks form from / sediments, evaporation of water and organic remains
39-Rocks are identified by their / texture
Igneous / Coarse, fine, glassy, vesicular
Sedimentary / clastic
Metamorphic / foliated
40-Fossils are found almost exclusively in / sedimentary rocks
41-Metamorphic rocks form from / other rocks by the action of heat and/or pressure (recrystallization)
42-Contact metamorphism occurs when / molten rock comes in contact with other rocks
43-Regional metamorphism occurs / over large areas and is associated with mountain building
Unit 8: Plate Tectonics & Earthquakes
44-Plate tectonics is caused by/mantle convection currents
45-The farther you go from the center of a ridge/the older the rocks get
46-One seismograph can give you/epicenter distance
To get the direction you need/three seismographs
47-We know the outer core is liquid because / S waves cant go through it
48-Plate tectonics says / the earth’s lithosphere is divided into pieces called plates that move
49-The 3 types of plate boundaries are / divergent (moving away at mid ocean ridges), convergent (coming together) and transform (sliding / San Andreas Fault)
50-Subduction is when / one plate sinks under another forming a trench
Unit 9: Geologic Time
51-In undisturbed strata, the bottom layer is / older
52-Faults, folds, & intrusions are / younger than the rocks they are found in
53-Index fossils are / found over a wide area and existed for a short period of time
54-An unconformity is a / buried erosional surface
Unconformities represent a / gap in the geologic record
55-The half life of a radioactive istope / cannot be changed
56-Carbon is used to date / recent organic remains
57-Most life forms of the geologic past have / become extinct
Unit 10: Weather
58- The weather in a high is/ nice (sunny no precip)
The weather in a low is/ bad (cloudy & precip)
59-The 500 rule says/over 500 add a 9, below 500 add a 10, and always add a decimal
60-Precipitation occurs when: warm, moist air rises, expands and cools
61-Warm air is capable of / holding more water vapor than cool air
62-As altitude increases, air pressure / decreases
63-Wind is named for / the direction it comes from
Wind is caused by / differences in air pressure
64-The closer air temperature is to the dew point / the greater the chance of precipitation
65-Air in a low pressure area is / warm & moist
Air in a high pressure area is / cool & dry
66-A rising barometer means / good weather is coming
A falling barometer means / bad weather is coming
A steady barometer means / no change
67-Fronts occur where / air masses meet
68-The most likely areas for precipitation are / the leading edges of air masses (fronts)
69-The circulation around a low pressure system is / counterclockwise, toward the center, where air rises
The circulation around a high pressure system is / clockwise, away from the center, where air sinks
70-Weather systems in the US usually move / from west to east (with a hook to the NE)
71-CT / warm & dry CP / cool & dry
MT / warm & moist MP / cool & moist
72-Hurricanes form / over warm oceans in summer and autumn
73-Hurricanes lose strength / as they move over land or cool water
Unit 11: Insolation & The Water Cycle
74-Porosity does NOT depend on / particle size
75-As particle size increases, permeability / increases
76-As particle size increases, capillary action / decreases
77-In the US, at noon, to see the sun you have to face / south
78-The seasons are caused by / the tilt of the earth’s axis & the revolution around the sun
79-The intensity of sunlight varies with / the angle of
the sun
80-The sun is most intense at an angle of / 90
81-Summer solstice / June 21
sun rises / north of east
sun sets / north of west
sun’s altitude / highest of year
vertical ray hits / tropic of cancer
NY gets / 16 hours of daylight
North Pole gets / 24 hours of daylight
82-Winter solstice / December 21
sun rises / south of east
sun sets / south of west
sun’s altitude / lowest of year
vertical ray hits / tropic of Capricorn
NY gets / 8 hours daylight
North Pole gets / 0 hours daylight
83-Vernal Equinox / March 21
Autumnal Equinox / September 23
sun rises / due east
sun sets / due west
vertical ray hits / equator
whole earth gets / 12 hours
84-The equator always receives / 12 hours of intense sunlight
85-The earth absorbs mostly / short wavelength light energy
86-The earth reradiates mostly / long wavelength heat energy
87-Gases such as carbon dioxide / prevent the escape of heat causing the greenhouse effect
88-Marine climate has / cool summers & warm winter
89- Continental climate has / cold winter & hot summers
90-Leeward side of a mountain is / dry & warm due to compression
91-Windward side of a mountain is / cool & moist due to expansion
Unit 12: Astronomy
92-Two proofs that the earth rotates / Coriolis Effect & Foucaults Pendulum
93-The proof that the universe is expanding is /the redshift
94-A new moon occurs when / the moon is between the earth & the sun
A full moon occurs when / the earth is between the sun & the moon
95-A solar eclipse happens when / The moon is between the earth & the sun and it blocks out the sun
96-A lunar eclipse happens when / the Earth is between the sun & the moon and the Earths shadow hits the moon
97-As a planet gets closer to the sun / the faster it orbits
98-The earth’s orbit around the sun is / nearly circular
99-The moon revolves / around the earth, in an elliptical orbit, in one month